tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-48713625939930533772024-03-13T05:05:27.373-07:00Breed Saversbreedsaverhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09729106269579622486noreply@blogger.comBlogger19125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4871362593993053377.post-21662353185588640212011-05-16T19:39:00.000-07:002011-05-16T19:39:54.251-07:00Sebastopol Geese - The Goose With a Curly "Perm"<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-ixjCUnMapSY/Tc_0wjK_MjI/AAAAAAAAAg0/3V516wa3ibI/s1600/SebastopolAdult.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="640" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-ixjCUnMapSY/Tc_0wjK_MjI/AAAAAAAAAg0/3V516wa3ibI/s640/SebastopolAdult.jpg" width="529" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Sebastopol - White Curly Breasted<br />
Photo Source: J, Metzer, Metzer Farms (www.metzerfarms.com)</td></tr>
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<blockquote><b>“Sebastopols look like they just got a curly perm at a hairdressing salon”</b> – Carol Ekarius</blockquote><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-piK8_ZCziYA/Tc_eCu_z2UI/AAAAAAAAAfs/It8KpntWPm0/s1600/DSCN0860_475.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="300" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-piK8_ZCziYA/Tc_eCu_z2UI/AAAAAAAAAfs/It8KpntWPm0/s400/DSCN0860_475.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Sebastopols - Curly Breasted White<br />
Photo Source: Dave Kozakiewicz</td></tr>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana;">“Wow! A big ball of fluff! Is it supposed to be like that?” - Those were my thoughts upon first seeing a Sebastopol goose. I wanted to reach out and pet it; it looked so soft and cuddly. The more I researched various poultry breeds, the more I wanted to get some of these unique looking geese. </span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-DCCP59xYP68/Tc_eypd0izI/AAAAAAAAAfw/ESu7vpqDir0/s1600/DSCN0666_304.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="300" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-DCCP59xYP68/Tc_eypd0izI/AAAAAAAAAfw/ESu7vpqDir0/s400/DSCN0666_304.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Sebastopol - Curly Breasted White<br />
Photo Source: Dave Kozakiewicz</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-jrmeo35lSXo/Tc_e-LCO3BI/AAAAAAAAAf0/8jJGBHW3yq4/s1600/DSCN1057_671.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="300" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-jrmeo35lSXo/Tc_e-LCO3BI/AAAAAAAAAf0/8jJGBHW3yq4/s400/DSCN1057_671.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Sebastopol - Curly Breasted White<br />
Photo Source: Dave Kozakiewicz</td></tr>
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</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;">What makes the Sebastopol so unique are its curly feathers, giving it that “curly perm” look. The frizzled feathers are the result of a genetic mutation and curl due to the lack of a rigid feather spine or quill. The feathers curl downwards and are up to four times the length of the feathers found in other geese.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;">If one would imagine the Sebastopol as having regular feathers – no curls at all – they would greatly resemble the Roman breed of geese. </span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-RiruFyK0H38/Tc_0i_OwM4I/AAAAAAAAAgw/EhoWeTHMvGM/s1600/P1010208.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="300" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-RiruFyK0H38/Tc_0i_OwM4I/AAAAAAAAAgw/EhoWeTHMvGM/s400/P1010208.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Roman Goose<br />
Photo Source: Lou B.</td></tr>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana;">Sebastopols have large, rounded heads, prominent eyes, slightly arched necks, keel-less breasts and dual lobes – the fatty “lumps” that hang down below the abdomen. (A.L.B.C.)</span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana;">There are two types of Sebastopols; the Curly feather breasted type and the Smooth (regular) feather breasted type. On both types, the plumage on the head and upper two-thirds of the neck is smooth and regular. Orange bills, legs and feet are the standard for both types. White is the historical and most common colour variety found in both types, but there are now Blue, Buff, Cream, Gray, Lavender, Buff Saddleback, Gray Saddleback and Splash varieties found in both Curly and Smooth breasted types. In White colour varieties, the eyes are a bright blue while with the Buff colour, the eyes are brown.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-irJBVFPMWcw/Tc_ge5p7FUI/AAAAAAAAAgA/nuTJK9bikok/s1600/60705_geese_017.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="300" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-irJBVFPMWcw/Tc_ge5p7FUI/AAAAAAAAAgA/nuTJK9bikok/s400/60705_geese_017.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Sebastopol - Smooth Breasted White<br />
Photo Source: Dave Kozakiewicz</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-qbuG4r-U-ok/Tc_n8_hTQSI/AAAAAAAAAgQ/e2glpB-nNqk/s1600/fodroslud02.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="273" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-qbuG4r-U-ok/Tc_n8_hTQSI/AAAAAAAAAgQ/e2glpB-nNqk/s400/fodroslud02.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Sebastopols - Smooth Breasted White Pair<br />
Photo Source: F. L.</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-SKzX9PjvT_M/Tc_oA1smafI/AAAAAAAAAgU/LAoE2WnWg70/s1600/763px-Hortoba%25CC%2581gy2_081.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="313" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-SKzX9PjvT_M/Tc_oA1smafI/AAAAAAAAAgU/LAoE2WnWg70/s400/763px-Hortoba%25CC%2581gy2_081.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Sebastopols - Smooth Breasted Gray Saddleback<br />
Photo Source: F. L.</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-C2jzFyW5SM4/Tc_ghm7TAjI/AAAAAAAAAgE/Sbf9NcWmUA4/s1600/60705_lucas_kids_geese_028.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="300" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-C2jzFyW5SM4/Tc_ghm7TAjI/AAAAAAAAAgE/Sbf9NcWmUA4/s400/60705_lucas_kids_geese_028.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Sebastopols - Curly Breasted White, Gray and Gray Saddleback<br />
Photo Source: Dave Kozakiewicz</td></tr>
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</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;">The Curly breasted type has its curled feathers commencing on the lower third of the neck and continuing on down on the breast and underbody. The feathers on the back, wings and tail are soft and curl downwards almost touching the ground in outstanding individuals (Holderread). <o:p></o:p></span></div><br />
<blockquote></blockquote><blockquote>“Smooth breasted Sebastopols that have the proper feather pattern (as Standardized in Europe, where they can and do show them) have long wide streamers coming off the back/shoulders and a waterfall of streamers in front of the thighs. Wings are completely 100% normal. The wing flights and totally smooth breasts DQ them under the APA SOP. Young and/lightly built birds can and have become airborn though usually there is enough bulk, especially as adults, to make that difficult at best.” - Dave Kozakiewicz </blockquote><blockquote></blockquote><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;">The Sebastopol is classified as a Medium Goose by the American Poultry Association Standards with weights as follows:<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;">Old Gander: 14 lbs Old Goose: 12 lbs.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;">Young Gander: 12 lbs. Young Goose: 10 lbs.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;">Only Curly breasted White Sebastopols are currently recognized for show in North America. Defects include straight flights, wing feathers protruding from the body and the absence of curled feathers on the underbelly and back under the folded wings. (American Standard of Perfection, 1998)<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="line-height: 150%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">In Germany, only Smooth breasted White Sebastopols are recognized for show. </span></span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-CMojnltzefA/Tc_pQuqlJzI/AAAAAAAAAgY/ZdoUe1y0F8c/s1600/b.locken.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="241" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-CMojnltzefA/Tc_pQuqlJzI/AAAAAAAAAgY/ZdoUe1y0F8c/s400/b.locken.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Sebastopols - Smooth Breasted White Pair as Per German Standards<br />
Photo Source: <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small; line-height: 24px;"><span style="line-height: 24px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;">SV </span></span></span><span style="line-height: 24px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Deutscher Gänsezüchter </span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;">von 1907<br />
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<span style="line-height: 150%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">They are classified as a Light Breed by the German Standards with stipulated weights being 5.0 – 6.0 kg. for Ganders and </span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">4.5 – 5.5 kg. for the Goose.</span><br />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-GwDY9m3vogI/Tc_spW5bLpI/AAAAAAAAAgg/jHYxCdLdJKI/s1600/Lockengans-1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="640" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-GwDY9m3vogI/Tc_spW5bLpI/AAAAAAAAAgg/jHYxCdLdJKI/s640/Lockengans-1.jpg" width="428" /></a></div><br />
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</div><blockquote>Merkmale: Typ einer Landgans, kurzer Rumpf, volle runde Brust, kleiner runder Kopf und kurz geschlossener Schwanz, Gefieder ein-farbig weiß,</blockquote><blockquote>Körpermasse: Gans 4,5 - 5,0 kg, Ganter 5,0 - 6,0 kg</blockquote><blockquote>Besonderheit: Verlängerte spiralig gedrehte Federn am Oberkörper</blockquote><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-jtFVIG4MIdA/Tc_qZxrtK-I/AAAAAAAAAgc/aNA4q4tFePs/s1600/Rassegefluegel.de.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="266" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-jtFVIG4MIdA/Tc_qZxrtK-I/AAAAAAAAAgc/aNA4q4tFePs/s400/Rassegefluegel.de.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Sebastopols - Smooth Breasted White Pair<br />
Photo Source: Rassegefluegel.de</td></tr>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;">In Britain, BOTH Curly breasted and Smooth breasted (sometimes called the Frizzle and Trailing Frizzle) types in White and Buff are recognized for exhibition. They are classified as a Light Breed with body weights of 5.4 -7.3 kg. (12 – 16 lbs.) for the Gander and 4.5 – 6.3 kg. (10 – 14 lbs.) for the Goose.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"><b>History of Sebastopol Geese</b><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;">Sebastopol Geese have a long, but somewhat unknown and slightly disputed history. They are descendents of the European Graylag and in body shape, closely resemble the Roman breed of geese. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;">It is believed that they were developed in South Eastern Europe along the Danube River and the Black Sea. In fact, by the early 1800’s, Sebastopols could be found in all of the countries surrounding the Black Sea where they were bred specifically for the soft curly feathers to be used in pillows, quilts and comforters; however, they did not make it to Western Europe until the mid to late 1800’s. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;">The first Sebastopols in Western Europe are believed to be those which were sent from the sea port of Sebastopol (now in the Ukraine) to Britain by Mr. John Harvey, esq., who was apparently yachting on the Black Sea. At a port of call, Mr. Harvey saw some of Sebastopols and became quite taken by them. He arranged for some to be shipped back home and he is therefore credited with bringing the first birds to Britain.<o:p></o:p></span></div><br />
<blockquote></blockquote><blockquote>From the London Times (Mar. 28, 1878):</blockquote><blockquote>We lately announced the death of Mr John Harvey, of Ickwellbury, Bedfordshire, and of Finnenley Park, Yorkshire, J.P. & D.L. and Chairman of the Quarter Sessions, and its High Sheriff, Beds, who died at 9 Cavendish Sqr, London, on the 7th inst. after long illness. </blockquote><blockquote></blockquote><blockquote>The representative of one of the most ancient families of Gt Britain, and a large landed proprietor in several counties, Mr Harvey may be cited as the model of an Engllish country gentleman. In public life as a Magistrate and chairman of the Quarter Sessions, Mr Harvey's career was one of the highest usefulness and influence, and it will be difficult, if not impossible, to replace him. Few men have succeeded in doing so much good to their suffereing fellow creatures, for it is mainly due to Mr Harvey's exertions that the condition of county lunatic asylums was early brought to his notice, and after years of untiring labour he had the satisfaction of seeing better building erected and a better mode of treating the insane adopted in all of those counties in which he had influence. </blockquote><blockquote></blockquote><blockquote>For many years Mr Harvey had been well known as an enterprising Yachtsman, and was one of the oldest members of the Cowes Royal Yacht Squadron. In his yacht "The Claymore" he visited most parts of the world,</blockquote><blockquote>Mr Harvey married Annie, daughter of Mr Henry Tennant, of Cadoxton Hall, Glamorganshire, and leaves two children, - a son who is on the staff of the Governor General of Canada, and a daughter.</blockquote><blockquote>Mr John Harvey was a descendant of the same family of Harvey as of the Noble House of Bristol (Marquies), who married his cousin, daughter of Audley Harvey, Esq of Cole Park, Malmsbury, Wilts. He was born Nov 14, 1815; married in 1848. His son is named John Audley Harvey, 42nd Highlanders; daughter named Beatrice Susan Audley. </blockquote><blockquote>- Wells - Campbell Family Tree Genealogy Pages</blockquote><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;">It is believed that the birds arrived in Britain between 1857 and 1859. They were known as Danubians due to the fact of that great numbers of them were raised along the Daube. (</span><span style="font-family: Verdana;">Ashton ,1999) </span><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;">William Bernhardt Tegetmeier, a British naturalist, writer and journalist was the first to document the presence of “Danubians” in Britain and gave the credit to Mr. Harvey, esq. for introducing them. They were also mentioned in Lewis Wright’s “The Book of Poultry” (1<sup>st</sup> Edition) in 1872.<o:p></o:p></span></div><br />
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;">Another account mentions the belief that they originated in the southern areas of Russia or Turkey and that they were introduced into Britain in 1859:<o:p></o:p></span></div><br />
<blockquote>“Among some of the earlier imported birds a few had a small tuft on the top of the head, and we are informed that many birds having that decoration are to be found in Southern Russia and Asia Minor.” – Brown (1906)</blockquote><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;">According to the Poultry Club of Great Britain, the history of the introduction of Sebastopols into Great Britain is somewhat different:<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><blockquote> “They were introduced into the U.K. by the diplomat Lord Dufferin in 1860, when he was sent to sort out problems in countries surrounding the Black Sea.” - <a href="http://www.poultryclub.org/"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;">www.poultryclub.org</span></a></blockquote><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;">This is disputed with the fact that in February 1860, before Lord Dufferin went to the Baltic area, some Sebastopol were presented to the </span><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;">Zoological Society by Mr. Bartlett, a poultry fancier. (Domestic Waterfowl Club of Great Britain)</span><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;">What is known and agreed upon is that in 1860, the British public was introduced to the “Danubians” at the London Poultry Exhibition held at the Crystal Palace and they were subsequently written up and described in the ‘Illustrated London News’. The birds were shown by Mr. Harvey D. Bayly under the name of “Sebastopol”, in reference to the port from which they were exported. [‘</span><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;">Journal of horticulture, cottage gardener and country gentlemen’ (1861), University of Mass., Amherst Libraries). <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;">The name “Danubian” for the breed can be first referenced back to Ireland in 1863, and both it and “Sebastopol” were used synonymously when referring to the breed until the early 1900’s. The name “Danubian” was used in E. Brown’s 1906 The Poultry Book, and was thus was given precedence over “Sebastopol”. However, in a 1912 revised edition of “The Book of Poultry” by S. H. Lewer, they had once again became known as “Sebastopols”, probably due to the fact that The Poultry Club (of Great Britain) had included them as such in their 1910 Breed Standards and have thereafter held the name. The </span><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;">Spanish and Italians refer to the breed as Danubio, the French and Belgians </span><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;">l’</span><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;">Oie frisée du Danube (Frizzled Goose of the Danube), and the Germans </span><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;">Lockengans</span><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"> (Curly goose) or Struppgans (Shaggy goose).</span><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;">The Sebastopol made its way back to mainland Europe (France and Germany) from Britain. In France, where they are known as l’</span><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;">Oie frisée du Danube, they were first exhibited and received broad public admiration at </span><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;">l'exposition universelle de 1889 in Paris. This World’s Fair was held during the 100<sup>th</sup> Anniversary of the Storming of the Bastille.</span><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"> </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;">In Germany, their history goes back to the mid to late 1860’s with the recognized Standards set prior to the formation of the German Goose Association in 1907. (SV </span><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;">Deutscher Gänsezüchter </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana;">von 1907).</span><br />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-evddomJoUsI/Tc_tDTF2QsI/AAAAAAAAAgk/S5VBf9L-cqE/s1600/lockengaense.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="197" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-evddomJoUsI/Tc_tDTF2QsI/AAAAAAAAAgk/S5VBf9L-cqE/s320/lockengaense.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;">The history of the Sebastopol in North America is even more obscure. It is believed that they first arrived here in the late 1800’s and then supposedly they were then bred with Embden geese to increase their size (</span><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;">Weir, Harrison, Johnson, W.G., Brown G.O. - 1904)</span><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"> </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;">Depending upon sources, the American Poultry Association either recognized the breed in 1938 (Malone, et. al., 1998) or 1939 (Ekarius 2007).</span><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"> </span><b><span style="font-family: Verdana;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
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</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"><b>Keeping Sebastopols</b><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;">Sebastopols are said to be quite calm with exceptional personalities. W</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana;">hen handled carefully, they have a quiet and pleasant nature (Holderread, 1981). </span><br />
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">"Me and My Geese" - Victoria and her Gray Saddleback and White Sebs<br />
Photo Source: Victoria O.</td></tr>
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<blockquote>"...as you can see they are friendly geese and I love my Geese." - Victoria O.</blockquote><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-1FEJwpcxK9Q/Tc_h_zIQkkI/AAAAAAAAAgM/CPSpj9TMYF8/s1600/0829102117.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="400" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-1FEJwpcxK9Q/Tc_h_zIQkkI/AAAAAAAAAgM/CPSpj9TMYF8/s400/0829102117.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">"Flurry of Feathers" - Victoria and her Sebs<br />
Photo Source: Victoria O.</td></tr>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana;"></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana;">They can be quite the conversation piece when people first see them and a group of them is a real magnificent scene. They are excellent show birds, but also make a fine table bird.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><blockquote>Mr. Dave Kozakiewicz of <a href="mailto:davek103@yahoo.com"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;">Hindsight Farm</span></a> in Ann Arbor, MI. got his birds from the late Mr. W.C. "Bill" Garber of Simcoe, Ontario, Canada. Dave has raised the Garber strain of Sebastopol Geese since 1972. … Dave loves working with these geese and learns more about them every day. </blockquote><blockquote>"A good Sebastopol in full feather is just awesome. It can be hard to believe that they are real" says Dave. </blockquote><blockquote>- HPBAA.</blockquote><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-WzLiCXNQ0P4/Tc_fk8fGVKI/AAAAAAAAAf4/0KEWRaYyzK8/s1600/DSCN1065_679.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="300" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-WzLiCXNQ0P4/Tc_fk8fGVKI/AAAAAAAAAf4/0KEWRaYyzK8/s400/DSCN1065_679.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Sebastopols - Curly Breasted White<br />
Photo Source: Dave Kozakiewicz</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-FDk3Iy7JJh4/Tc_foGA-zmI/AAAAAAAAAf8/UYvJ7lC4yzo/s1600/DSCN1087_701.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="300" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-FDk3Iy7JJh4/Tc_foGA-zmI/AAAAAAAAAf8/UYvJ7lC4yzo/s400/DSCN1087_701.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Sebastopols - Curly Breasted White<br />
Photo Source: Dave Kozakiewicz</td></tr>
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</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;">Many people believe that keeping Sebastopols clean, especially those long trailing curly feather, is a difficult task so they shy away from them as a breed of choice. In fact, they are quite easy to keep clean if provided with a mud-free environment and water to bathe. This can be provided in the form of a kiddy pool or at the very least, a large bucket of water. <o:p></o:p></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana;">The curled feathers prevent flight making them easier to confine. (Grow, 1972)</span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-DIvV4qpc36s/Tc_uUzoxxnI/AAAAAAAAAgs/jWRqvGF8ziw/s1600/SebastopolFlock.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="290" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-DIvV4qpc36s/Tc_uUzoxxnI/AAAAAAAAAgs/jWRqvGF8ziw/s400/SebastopolFlock.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Sebastopol - White Flock Enjoying Kiddie Pool<br />
Photo Source; J. Metzer, Metzer Farms (www.metzerfarms.com)</td></tr>
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</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;">Even though they look like delicate balls of fluff, Sebastopols are actually quite hardy. However, care must be taken to provide good shelter from the wet, wind, and extremes of temperature as their feathers are loose and do not lay flat thus do not shed water or provide as much warmth as those of other breeds. </span><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;">Winds can easily fluff up their feathers thus body heat is quickly lost. In very cold weather they might like to spend more time in shelter than other breeds, but they are known to enjoy their baths, even in the cold of winter.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"><b><br />
</b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"><b>Breeding Sebastopols</b></span><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><blockquote><b>“Whenever a domestic animal is selected for an unusual characteristic, great care must be taken to insure that vigor and fertility of breeding stock is not overlooked.” (ALBC)</b></blockquote><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;">As with most poultry for breeding purposes, the primary selection should be for healthy, robust individuals showing the proper size for the breed. When selecting Sebastopols, one should look for birds with well-curled breast feathers, flexible flight feathers, and back and tail plumes that are long, broad and spiraled. Avoid selecting breeding stock with crooked toes and slipped wings (Holderread, 1981).<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;">It seems that even though ganders can be mated with one to four geese, low fertility is often experienced with this breed. Females normally produce 25-35 eggs annually.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><blockquote>“Fertility seems to be a problem with most Sebastopols, along with lower than normal egg production. Fertility is adequate early in the season (and they do seem to come into production earlier than most breeds) but quickly drops off. Oftentimes we will have no fertile eggs the last three weeks of production in the spring.” (J. Metzer)</blockquote><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;">Clipping the long plumes of the back and tail and the feathers around the vent is sometimes helpful (Holderread, 1981). <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;">The mutation causing the curly feathers is sometimes referred to as the “Sebastopol Gene”. Birds that have a “double dosage” of this gene are Curly breasted whereas those that are Smooth breasted carry only one “dose” of the Sebastopol gene. Only Curly breasted breed 100% true and when breeding two Smooth breasted individuals together, three sorts of offspring are possible: Curly breasted, Smooth Breasted, and totally smooth. (C. & M. Ashton)<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><blockquote>“You will see so called smooth breasted birds being offered as the best breeding tool ever that have no or very little mutated feather. This is not what a smooth breasted should be and those offering such birds are either misleading the novice or ignorant. Dave Holderread has done more with them than anyone and said that at least in theory it is possible to breed smooth BIRDS” - Dave Kozakiewicz</blockquote><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;">Natural incubation lasts for a period of 30 days usually with one clutch a year of about 10 - 15 eggs. </span><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;">Young birds may start with a few gray feathers but gradually lose them until they are pure white at about 20 weeks, after their final set of feathers develops. (Metzer)<o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-l3WT1O0AAw4/Tc_t2t3FOhI/AAAAAAAAAgo/tkC9cTuL7KU/s1600/SebastopolBaby.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="400" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-l3WT1O0AAw4/Tc_t2t3FOhI/AAAAAAAAAgo/tkC9cTuL7KU/s400/SebastopolBaby.jpg" width="301" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Sebastopol - White Gosling<br />
Photo Source; J. Metzer, Metzer Farms (www.metzerfarms.com)</td></tr>
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</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"><b>Sources</b><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;">Metzer Farms (www.metzerfarms.com)<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;">– White Curly breasted Sebastopol<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"><br />
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<span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;">I would like to thank Dave</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;"> <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Kozakiewicz and Victoria O. for all of the valuable information and pictures. </span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;">If anyone would like their name to be listed as a source please contact Cameron at <a href="mailto:mcattack_ca@yahoo.com"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none;">mcattack_ca@yahoo.com</span></a> Also, if you have any pictures you would like to share or have any additional information, please contact Cameron at the above address.<o:p></o:p></span></div>Cameronhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17660301478540340621noreply@blogger.com8tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4871362593993053377.post-37852696580695158452011-05-16T19:34:00.001-07:002011-11-18T20:01:41.382-08:00Appenzeller Spitzhauben<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-nl-7Zz7-XII/TdBt6qwZ6II/AAAAAAAAAoE/LjwSiZ1HPbM/s1600/standard.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="195" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-nl-7Zz7-XII/TdBt6qwZ6II/AAAAAAAAAoE/LjwSiZ1HPbM/s320/standard.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br />
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</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12pt;">From the </span><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12pt;">slopes</span><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12pt;"> of the Swiss Alps comes a very hardy little chicken with a rather unique look, the Appenzeller Spitzhauben. It was bred in the 15<sup>th</sup> Century to survive the harsh mountainous environments of isolated monasteries whose communities required a breed that could fend for itself quite well – foraging along the rocky slopes; be a fairly productive layer as well as a tasty table bird; and be able to survive the harsh climate without too much difficulty – no large combs or wattles to freeze.</span> </div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12pt;"><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-pt3_DkZZcK4/TdB5_kBc7QI/AAAAAAAAAoQ/0Amddd8DuaE/s1600/a167_Sasso.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="275" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-pt3_DkZZcK4/TdB5_kBc7QI/AAAAAAAAAoQ/0Amddd8DuaE/s400/a167_Sasso.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Tahoma, Calibri, Geneva, sans-serif;"><b>Madonna del Sasso Monastery, Switzerland<br />
Photo Source: Places Pack</b></span></td></tr>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;">The Appenzeller Spitzhauben is ideally suited to life in the mountains as they are excellent climbers especially on steep rocky ground and can fly well, often making nests and roosting in trees. They are even known to have stayed in the trees throughout winter. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"><br />
</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-Ol3JDMmZEk0/TdG1RH3lyRI/AAAAAAAAApc/QteEd27YLII/s1600/_cid_002c01c6f5c9_c89be790_0a01a8c0_mr0d1aa449fbfc.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="300" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-Ol3JDMmZEk0/TdG1RH3lyRI/AAAAAAAAApc/QteEd27YLII/s400/_cid_002c01c6f5c9_c89be790_0a01a8c0_mr0d1aa449fbfc.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Appenzeller Spitzhauben - Gold Spangled Flock Roosting with Unknown</td></tr>
</tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;">They are active foragers, constantly being on the move scratching the rocky ground for insects and tidbits of greens. Hens are early layers</span><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"> capable of producing plenty of medium-size white eggs on very little food thus making them ideally suited for free range systems</span><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;">.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"><o:p><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-0bX9Z4dAHEg/TdAiAOHirxI/AAAAAAAAAh8/Q3KnT3iexz4/s1600/spitzh2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="265" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-0bX9Z4dAHEg/TdAiAOHirxI/AAAAAAAAAh8/Q3KnT3iexz4/s400/spitzh2.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Appenzeller Spitzhauben - Silver Spangled Flock<br />
Photo Source: Manuela Silvestro</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-SjcamxpGb3s/TdA25XCcG1I/AAAAAAAAAmI/SFN14DtuSnM/s1600/Gold_Herde2.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="266" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-SjcamxpGb3s/TdA25XCcG1I/AAAAAAAAAmI/SFN14DtuSnM/s400/Gold_Herde2.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Appenzeller Spitzhauben - Gold Spangled Flock<br />
Photo Source: <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: verdana; font-size: 12px;">Förderverein Schweizer Kleintierrassen</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"><o:p><br />
</o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana;"> </span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;">They are often said to be a “flighty” bird, nervous and high-strung but in fact </span><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;">they settle well with regular handling and contact. </span><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;">Appenzellers are intelligent and do prefer very little interference. They are as independent as chickens can be. If confined, Appenzellers need a very high fence or a covered pen, since they are known to be able to fly very well. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-oh0gZQgeKDM/TdG1p_Ur2GI/AAAAAAAAAqc/b8zZEa6ibac/s1600/GEDC0397.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="300" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-oh0gZQgeKDM/TdG1p_Ur2GI/AAAAAAAAAqc/b8zZEa6ibac/s400/GEDC0397.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Appenzeller Spitzhauben - Silver Spangled Flock in Covered Run<br />
Photo Source:</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-spHvaR7jURs/TdG1VgxfEYI/AAAAAAAAAp0/y1C4g7MPnvI/s1600/appenzelloisehuppeargente.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="400" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-spHvaR7jURs/TdG1VgxfEYI/AAAAAAAAAp0/y1C4g7MPnvI/s400/appenzelloisehuppeargente.jpg" width="300" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Appenzeller Spitzhuaben - Silver Spangled Flock<br />
Photo Source: French Poultry Forum</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-LQXVXKDYj_Q/TdG1htejyAI/AAAAAAAAAp8/tAbZEPlcLiU/s1600/appenzelloisehuppenoir.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="400" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-LQXVXKDYj_Q/TdG1htejyAI/AAAAAAAAAp8/tAbZEPlcLiU/s400/appenzelloisehuppenoir.jpg" width="300" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Appenzeller Spitzhuaben - Black Flock<br />
Photo Source: French Poultry Forum</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-qZK9Hcpu_Rw/TdG1XufYSZI/AAAAAAAAAp4/s1x-NA86Mdo/s1600/appenzelloisehuppedore.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="400" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-qZK9Hcpu_Rw/TdG1XufYSZI/AAAAAAAAAp4/s1x-NA86Mdo/s400/appenzelloisehuppedore.jpg" width="300" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Appenzeller Spitzhuaben - Gold Spangled Pair<br />
Photo Source: French Poultry Forum</td></tr>
</tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"><br />
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;">The head of the Spitzhauben is what gives it its unique look. </span><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;">It is of medium size, held high, with a pointed crest bent forward</span><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"> similar to the traditional hats the ladies in the Appenzell region wear, thus the name Spitzhauben, German for “pointed hoods”. <o:p></o:p></span></div><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-PbicXp6Jg-s/TdAk0LPwqYI/AAAAAAAAAjA/VPXC3buZbI8/s1600/ZShen2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="300" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-PbicXp6Jg-s/TdAk0LPwqYI/AAAAAAAAAjA/VPXC3buZbI8/s400/ZShen2.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Photo Source: Manuela Silvestro</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-AEeVg1Q_giA/TdAkl-rgYBI/AAAAAAAAAic/ZNnFwIJSJ4g/s1600/Shahn1a.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="300" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-AEeVg1Q_giA/TdAkl-rgYBI/AAAAAAAAAic/ZNnFwIJSJ4g/s400/Shahn1a.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Photo Source: Manuela Silvestro</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-cd5d0wTwAZM/TdBvbbX6HPI/AAAAAAAAAoI/z2_Xg-pEjMo/s1600/7f46a0c35b.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="400" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-cd5d0wTwAZM/TdBvbbX6HPI/AAAAAAAAAoI/z2_Xg-pEjMo/s400/7f46a0c35b.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Women in the Traditional Costume of Appenzell, Switzerland<br />
Photo Courtesy: Swiss World</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-PbicXp6Jg-s/TdAk0LPwqYI/AAAAAAAAAjA/VPXC3buZbI8/s1600/ZShen2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="300" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-PbicXp6Jg-s/TdAk0LPwqYI/AAAAAAAAAjA/VPXC3buZbI8/s400/ZShen2.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Appenzeller Spitzhauben - Close Up of Silver Spangled Hen<br />
Photo Source: Manuela Silvestro</td></tr>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;">Both male and female Spitzhaubens have an almost walnut-shaped, rounded body. Their breasts are full and carried rather high, like a soldier when at attention. Backs are of medium length - males slightly sloping while females almost horizontal. The Spitzhauben’s wings are rather long and are carried close in to its body; tails rather full, well-spread and carried at right angles to the back. <o:p></o:p></span><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;">The wattles are moderately long, yet thin; the white earlobes are of a medium oval size. The birds have strong beaks </span><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;">with a small fleshy knob at the front</span><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;">. They have large, cavernous nostrils and prominent brown eyes that always seem very alert</span><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;">. The comb is almost like a horn consisting of two small rounded spikes, separate and without any side sprigs.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-ZgQCASqjJ64/TdAkqZcX29I/AAAAAAAAAig/YCdl_gBKCnQ/s1600/Shahn2b.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="300" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-ZgQCASqjJ64/TdAkqZcX29I/AAAAAAAAAig/YCdl_gBKCnQ/s400/Shahn2b.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Photo Source: Manuela Silvestro</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-fN51HD3DP7c/TdAk08WLTwI/AAAAAAAAAjE/AtmHnTTCMf4/s1600/ZShen2b.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="300" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-fN51HD3DP7c/TdAk08WLTwI/AAAAAAAAAjE/AtmHnTTCMf4/s400/ZShen2b.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Photo Source: Manuela Silvestro</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-UmYprqtV6aQ/TdAkznXtqPI/AAAAAAAAAi8/0yXiITMn7EQ/s1600/ZShen-b.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="300" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-UmYprqtV6aQ/TdAkznXtqPI/AAAAAAAAAi8/0yXiITMn7EQ/s400/ZShen-b.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Photo Source: Manuela Silvestro</td></tr>
</tbody></table><br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-JP-Dp4Pqn2k/TdAksjKgjdI/AAAAAAAAAiw/CUUS_rGbK18/s1600/Shahn5b.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="300" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-JP-Dp4Pqn2k/TdAksjKgjdI/AAAAAAAAAiw/CUUS_rGbK18/s400/Shahn5b.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Photo Source: Manuela Silvestro</td></tr>
</tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"> </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 28.0pt 56.0pt 84.0pt 112.0pt 140.0pt 168.0pt 196.0pt 224.0pt 252.0pt 280.0pt 308.0pt 336.0pt; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"><br />
</span></b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 28.0pt 56.0pt 84.0pt 112.0pt 140.0pt 168.0pt 196.0pt 224.0pt 252.0pt 280.0pt 308.0pt 336.0pt; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;"><b>History of the Appenzeller Spitzhauben</b><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 28.0pt 56.0pt 84.0pt 112.0pt 140.0pt 168.0pt 196.0pt 224.0pt 252.0pt 280.0pt 308.0pt 336.0pt; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 28.0pt 56.0pt 84.0pt 112.0pt 140.0pt 168.0pt 196.0pt 224.0pt 252.0pt 280.0pt 308.0pt 336.0pt; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;">Although there are no exact records for its creation, it is widely believed that the Spitzhauben came about as a result of crossings of Brabanter, </span><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;">La Flèche and Crèvecoeur. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 28.0pt 56.0pt 84.0pt 112.0pt 140.0pt 168.0pt 196.0pt 224.0pt 252.0pt 280.0pt 308.0pt 336.0pt; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-9YRS7CwavKg/TdG4fkYebLI/AAAAAAAAAro/5miCPEfQ5GQ/s1600/brabanter-1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="350" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-9YRS7CwavKg/TdG4fkYebLI/AAAAAAAAAro/5miCPEfQ5GQ/s400/brabanter-1.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Brabanter</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-X8QFrLln9e4/TdG5D-cKu0I/AAAAAAAAArs/VvA0v5Zn1yQ/s1600/800px-Crevecoeur_chicken.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="300" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-X8QFrLln9e4/TdG5D-cKu0I/AAAAAAAAArs/VvA0v5Zn1yQ/s400/800px-Crevecoeur_chicken.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 24px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Crèvecoeur</span></span></span></td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-473KIEeMVds/TdG5axWfy4I/AAAAAAAAArw/NTN-ZqdX_SQ/s1600/La_Fle%25CC%2580che_close-up.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="300" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-473KIEeMVds/TdG5axWfy4I/AAAAAAAAArw/NTN-ZqdX_SQ/s400/La_Fle%25CC%2580che_close-up.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 24px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">La Flèche</span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"> - Head Shot</span></span><br />
Photo Source: Unknown</td></tr>
</tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 28.0pt 56.0pt 84.0pt 112.0pt 140.0pt 168.0pt 196.0pt 224.0pt 252.0pt 280.0pt 308.0pt 336.0pt; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 28.0pt 56.0pt 84.0pt 112.0pt 140.0pt 168.0pt 196.0pt 224.0pt 252.0pt 280.0pt 308.0pt 336.0pt; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 28.0pt 56.0pt 84.0pt 112.0pt 140.0pt 168.0pt 196.0pt 224.0pt 252.0pt 280.0pt 308.0pt 336.0pt; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 28.0pt 56.0pt 84.0pt 112.0pt 140.0pt 168.0pt 196.0pt 224.0pt 252.0pt 280.0pt 308.0pt 336.0pt; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"></span><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;">Also mentioned is the possibility of a Russian crested breed used instead of - or with - the Brabanter. This would probably have been the </span><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;">Pavlovski, a very old crested breed greatly resembling a Brabanter, but having feathered legs. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 28.0pt 56.0pt 84.0pt 112.0pt 140.0pt 168.0pt 196.0pt 224.0pt 252.0pt 280.0pt 308.0pt 336.0pt; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-n7_sw7-8J3U/TdG01mS0hJI/AAAAAAAAAoc/m9d5AV7x8jc/s1600/pavfoto5.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="400" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-n7_sw7-8J3U/TdG01mS0hJI/AAAAAAAAAoc/m9d5AV7x8jc/s400/pavfoto5.jpg" width="265" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 24px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Pavlovski<br />
Photo Source: www.komovdvor.spb.ru </span></span></span></td></tr>
</tbody></table><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-RsUyssJ-F8g/TdG02H4a4iI/AAAAAAAAAog/EwykYuvBKMs/s1600/pavfoto22.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="400" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-RsUyssJ-F8g/TdG02H4a4iI/AAAAAAAAAog/EwykYuvBKMs/s400/pavfoto22.jpg" width="258" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: x-small; line-height: 24px;">Pavlovski<br />
Photo Source: www.komovdvor.spb.ru</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 28.0pt 56.0pt 84.0pt 112.0pt 140.0pt 168.0pt 196.0pt 224.0pt 252.0pt 280.0pt 308.0pt 336.0pt; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 28.0pt 56.0pt 84.0pt 112.0pt 140.0pt 168.0pt 196.0pt 224.0pt 252.0pt 280.0pt 308.0pt 336.0pt; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;">The Pavloski are probably the ancestors of the Brabanter, Sultan and Spitzhauben breeds as it is documented to be much older and exported from Russia prior to the development of the aforementioned breeds. Unfortunately, we will probably never know as the Pavloski was rare and then basically wiped out during the Russian Revolution and subsequent wars.*<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 28.0pt 56.0pt 84.0pt 112.0pt 140.0pt 168.0pt 196.0pt 224.0pt 252.0pt 280.0pt 308.0pt 336.0pt; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><blockquote>“Abosin in 1895 said: "Pavloski chickens are currently extremely rare. This breed undoubtedly will disappear and probably soon be completely removed from the list of modern breeds of domestic chickens." - Translated from <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">www.komovdvor.spb.ru</span></blockquote><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-WxjJJ1sKSlU/TdG02u7Uw2I/AAAAAAAAAok/mD_BGnezmGg/s1600/pavl01.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="400" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-WxjJJ1sKSlU/TdG02u7Uw2I/AAAAAAAAAok/mD_BGnezmGg/s400/pavl01.jpg" width="300" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: x-small; line-height: 24px;">Pavlovski<br />
Photo Source: www.komovdvor.spb.ru</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 28.0pt 56.0pt 84.0pt 112.0pt 140.0pt 168.0pt 196.0pt 224.0pt 252.0pt 280.0pt 308.0pt 336.0pt; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"><o:p> </o:p></span> </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 28.0pt 56.0pt 84.0pt 112.0pt 140.0pt 168.0pt 196.0pt 224.0pt 252.0pt 280.0pt 308.0pt 336.0pt; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;">Also it is interesting to note the following:<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 28.0pt 56.0pt 84.0pt 112.0pt 140.0pt 168.0pt 196.0pt 224.0pt 252.0pt 280.0pt 308.0pt 336.0pt; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><blockquote>Bruno Dyurengen in his "Poultry" in 1886: "If we compare what they write about these crested chickens - the old writers, data researcher Pallas - you will recognize the native Russian breed (old) crested chickens and they are simiar with all those features that are inherent in our current Sultan (Turkey), Padua (Brabanter) and Holland (Poland), with the only difference is that now we do not recognize the Brabanter (Padua), with feathered legs. But before they had feathered legs in Germany … " - Translated from <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">www.komovdvor.spb.ru</span></blockquote><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-nAnmfl3Lxoo/TdG03UAV1KI/AAAAAAAAAos/30aKAbJ7Srk/s1600/pavl25.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="400" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-nAnmfl3Lxoo/TdG03UAV1KI/AAAAAAAAAos/30aKAbJ7Srk/s400/pavl25.jpg" width="267" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: x-small; line-height: 24px;">Pavlovski<br />
Photo Source: www.komovdvor.spb.ru</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table><blockquote> "... researcher Pallas knew that at the time when he traveled to Europe and the Asian part of Russia from 1768 to 1773 - these domestic chickens were already in those countries: namely - silver / white and black-colored / with feathered legs and a golden / yellow and painted black.</blockquote><blockquote> Continuing this theme, Bruno Dyurengen in 1906, in his new book, wrote: "As the actual source or mother of the current breed of crested breeds of chickens, considering crested hens with beards, and feathered legs, and its homeland Russia, where [these features] were developed as a means of protection from the harsh climate. … Prominent scholars of this species share this opinion, which confirmed my latest observations in Russia. This is an old Russian chicken, which for hundreds of years is considered to be in Russia and found there yet with all the intended features and colors that we find in our current Sultans, Brabanter and Padua (Polish) chickens." - Translated from <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">www.komovdvor.spb.ru</span> </blockquote><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"><o:p><br />
</o:p></span></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-chiLQBA4DXc/TdG03KprnQI/AAAAAAAAAoo/Ex1Qiaqe0ZE/s1600/pavl02.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-chiLQBA4DXc/TdG03KprnQI/AAAAAAAAAoo/Ex1Qiaqe0ZE/s400/pavl02.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: x-small; line-height: 24px;">Pavlovski<br />
Photo Source: www.komovdvor.spb.ru</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table><br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-n7_sw7-8J3U/TdG01mS0hJI/AAAAAAAAAoc/m9d5AV7x8jc/s1600/pavfoto5.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="400" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-n7_sw7-8J3U/TdG01mS0hJI/AAAAAAAAAoc/m9d5AV7x8jc/s400/pavfoto5.jpg" width="265" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: x-small; line-height: 24px;">Pavlovski<br />
Photo Source: www.komovdvor.spb.ru</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"><o:p><br />
</o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;">At first, Spitzhaubens- at that time known "Gässerschnäpfli" or "Tschüpperli” - were kept only by the religious orders; commoners were not given the pleasure of having them. By the mid 16<sup>th</sup> century, the breed was in the hands of the common farmers and they had spread throughout most of the areas that make up today’s Switzerland. Throughout the wars and upheavels of the 16<sup>th</sup> and 17<sup>th</sup> centuries, the Spitzhauben remained primarily a bird of Switzerland, very few – if any – raised outside of the Federation’s cantons.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Msc1qtiwNZs/TdAkOuqvIxI/AAAAAAAAAiU/djZYgngRdxQ/s1600/b579.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="203" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Msc1qtiwNZs/TdAkOuqvIxI/AAAAAAAAAiU/djZYgngRdxQ/s400/b579.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Appenzeller Spitzhauben - Silver Spangled Flock<br />
Photo Source: Manuela Silvestro</td></tr>
</tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"><br />
</span></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-RIyzPKDT128/TdG1LVeoFoI/AAAAAAAAApA/4zkKMuojfUQ/s1600/14ebdc6c3a9d22820efbb8081776e.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="300" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-RIyzPKDT128/TdG1LVeoFoI/AAAAAAAAApA/4zkKMuojfUQ/s400/14ebdc6c3a9d22820efbb8081776e.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Appenzeller Spitzhauben - Silver Spangled Flock<br />
Photo Source: Unknown</td></tr>
</tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"><o:p><br />
</o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;">By the 19<sup>th</sup> century the Spitzhauben had practically become extinct. A small number of birds were discovered in the Cantons of Appenzell and a small breeding effort began. The breed pretty much stayed within the Appenzell Cantons and it was not until the latter part of the 19<sup>th</sup> and the beginning of the 20<sup>th</sup> Century that the breed became known as the Appenzeller Spitzhauban. Up to this time, they had been known as "Gässerschnäpfli" or "Tschüpperli” or “Tyrolerhühner”.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;">The breed flourished for a few years, but after World War II, the numbers declined so drastically that they almost disappeared for good. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;">In 1953, Kurt Fischer, a German poultry fancier, imported to Germany Spitzhaubens representing the three colour varieties that remained. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"></span></div><div style="font-family: Times; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><br />
</div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="font-family: Times; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; padding-bottom: 6px; padding-left: 6px; padding-right: 6px; padding-top: 6px; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-nW0jGTkOcAU/TdArGU0piyI/AAAAAAAAAk4/qAt3WO0GmHU/s1600/Appenzeller_spitskuif_Goudzwartgeloverd_haan.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="300" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-nW0jGTkOcAU/TdArGU0piyI/AAAAAAAAAk4/qAt3WO0GmHU/s400/Appenzeller_spitskuif_Goudzwartgeloverd_haan.jpg" style="cursor: move;" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="font-size: 13px; padding-top: 4px; text-align: center;">Appenzeller Spitzhauben - Gold Spangled Cock<br />
Photo Source: Kippen Encyclopedie</td></tr>
</tbody></table><div style="font-family: Times; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><br />
</div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="font-family: Times; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; padding-bottom: 6px; padding-left: 6px; padding-right: 6px; padding-top: 6px; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-FgqGhyF4Tf0/TdArG2ft0vI/AAAAAAAAAk8/MjiF9OthwV8/s1600/Appenzeller_spitskuif_Goudzwartgeloverd_hen.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="300" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-FgqGhyF4Tf0/TdArG2ft0vI/AAAAAAAAAk8/MjiF9OthwV8/s400/Appenzeller_spitskuif_Goudzwartgeloverd_hen.jpg" style="cursor: move;" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="font-size: 13px; padding-top: 4px; text-align: center;">Appenzeller Spitzhauben - Gold Spangled Hen<br />
Photo Source: Kippen Encyclopedie</td></tr>
</tbody></table><div style="font-family: Times; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><br />
</div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="font-family: Times; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; padding-bottom: 6px; padding-left: 6px; padding-right: 6px; padding-top: 6px; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-TitU3H6hYHY/TdArHL0oU-I/AAAAAAAAAlA/FJZKRDmra4Y/s1600/Appenzeller_spitskuif_Zilverzwartgeloverd_haan.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="400" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-TitU3H6hYHY/TdArHL0oU-I/AAAAAAAAAlA/FJZKRDmra4Y/s400/Appenzeller_spitskuif_Zilverzwartgeloverd_haan.jpg" style="cursor: move;" width="300" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="font-size: 13px; padding-top: 4px; text-align: center;">Appenzeller Spitzhauben - Silver Spangled Cock<br />
Photo Source: Kippen Encyclopedie</td></tr>
</tbody></table><div style="font-family: Times; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><br />
</div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="font-family: Times; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; padding-bottom: 6px; padding-left: 6px; padding-right: 6px; padding-top: 6px; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-8rF4YthOEzs/TdArHRg0QyI/AAAAAAAAAlE/2fWr9BjFplk/s1600/Appenzeller_spitskuif_Zilverzwartgeloverd_hen.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="300" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-8rF4YthOEzs/TdArHRg0QyI/AAAAAAAAAlE/2fWr9BjFplk/s400/Appenzeller_spitskuif_Zilverzwartgeloverd_hen.jpg" style="cursor: move;" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="font-size: 13px; padding-top: 4px; text-align: center;">Appenzeller Spitzhauben - Silver Spangled Hen<br />
Photo Source: Kippen Encyclopedie</td></tr>
</tbody></table><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"></span></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="font-family: Times; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; padding-bottom: 6px; padding-left: 6px; padding-right: 6px; padding-top: 6px; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-nGgl5aHnB-I/TdArHuQ6r4I/AAAAAAAAAlI/iP3Ay3QHuPw/s1600/Appenzeller_spitskuif_zwart_haan.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="300" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-nGgl5aHnB-I/TdArHuQ6r4I/AAAAAAAAAlI/iP3Ay3QHuPw/s400/Appenzeller_spitskuif_zwart_haan.jpg" style="cursor: move;" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="font-size: 13px; padding-top: 4px; text-align: center;">Appenzeller Spitzhauben - Black Cock<br />
Photo Source: Kippen Encyclopedie</td></tr>
</tbody></table><br />
<div style="font-family: Times; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><br />
</div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="font-family: Times; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; padding-bottom: 6px; padding-left: 6px; padding-right: 6px; padding-top: 6px; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-Kwg_NEHe23U/TdArICSrPwI/AAAAAAAAAlM/qkPFeFAXFcU/s1600/Appenzeller_spitskuif_zwart_hen.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="300" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-Kwg_NEHe23U/TdArICSrPwI/AAAAAAAAAlM/qkPFeFAXFcU/s400/Appenzeller_spitskuif_zwart_hen.jpg" style="cursor: move;" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="font-size: 13px; padding-top: 4px; text-align: center;">Appenzeller Spitzhauben - Black Hen<br />
Photo Source: Kippen Encyclopedie</td></tr>
</tbody></table><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;">Mr. Fischer ensured that the Appenzeller Spitzauaben varieties were included in the German Poultry Standards, thus preventing the breed’s loss to the Poultry World. Through dedication and hard work, the breed was revived and colours re-created. German breeders are credited with the creation of the Blue and Chamois Spangled colour varieties Spitzhaubens</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"></span></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="font-family: Times; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; padding-bottom: 6px; padding-left: 6px; padding-right: 6px; padding-top: 6px; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-uAsy3ANvdKE/TdArEBwki4I/AAAAAAAAAkk/5J-zJFFTWuE/s1600/Appenzeller_spitskuif_Blauw_haan.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="300" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-uAsy3ANvdKE/TdArEBwki4I/AAAAAAAAAkk/5J-zJFFTWuE/s400/Appenzeller_spitskuif_Blauw_haan.jpg" style="cursor: move;" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="font-size: 13px; padding-top: 4px; text-align: center;">Appenzeller Spitzhauben - Blue Cock<br />
Photo Source: Kippen Encyclopedie</td></tr>
</tbody></table><br />
<div style="font-family: Times; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><br />
</div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="font-family: Times; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; padding-bottom: 6px; padding-left: 6px; padding-right: 6px; padding-top: 6px; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-bNnfa1pfjIU/TdArEYSH8FI/AAAAAAAAAko/Tc36RT72OLQ/s1600/Appenzeller_spitskuif_Blauw_hen.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="400" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-bNnfa1pfjIU/TdArEYSH8FI/AAAAAAAAAko/Tc36RT72OLQ/s400/Appenzeller_spitskuif_Blauw_hen.jpg" style="cursor: move;" width="300" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="font-size: 13px; padding-top: 4px; text-align: center;">Appenzeller Spitzhauben - Blue Hen<br />
Photo Source: Kippen Encyclopedie</td></tr>
</tbody></table><div style="font-family: Times; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><br />
</div><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"></span></div><div style="font-family: Times; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><br />
</div><div style="font-family: Times; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; padding-bottom: 6px; padding-left: 6px; padding-right: 6px; padding-top: 6px; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-QOHzaXF294o/TdArFuVzquI/AAAAAAAAAkw/7ZETuNJ1TEc/s1600/Appenzeller_spitskuif_Geelwitgeloverd_haan.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="300" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-QOHzaXF294o/TdArFuVzquI/AAAAAAAAAkw/7ZETuNJ1TEc/s400/Appenzeller_spitskuif_Geelwitgeloverd_haan.jpg" style="cursor: move;" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="font-size: 13px; padding-top: 4px; text-align: center;">Appenzeller Spitzhauben - Chamois Spangled Cock<br />
Photo Source: Kippen Encyclopedie</td></tr>
</tbody></table><br />
<div style="font-family: Times; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><br />
</div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="font-family: Times; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; padding-bottom: 6px; padding-left: 6px; padding-right: 6px; padding-top: 6px; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-oPIhs23mTHY/TdArGAfBpBI/AAAAAAAAAk0/UpOAuhJL5XU/s1600/Appenzeller_spitskuif_Geelwitgeloverd_hen.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="300" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-oPIhs23mTHY/TdArGAfBpBI/AAAAAAAAAk0/UpOAuhJL5XU/s400/Appenzeller_spitskuif_Geelwitgeloverd_hen.jpg" style="cursor: move;" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="font-size: 13px; padding-top: 4px; text-align: center;">Appenzeller Spitzhauben - Chamois Spangled Hen<br />
Photo Source: Kippen Encyclopedie</td></tr>
</tbody></table><div style="font-family: Times; line-height: normal;"></div><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;">The Dutch are credited with creating the Barred and the Lemon Spangled colour varieties.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"></span></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="font-family: Times; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; padding-bottom: 6px; padding-left: 6px; padding-right: 6px; padding-top: 6px; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-T_5xMz-bgBI/TdArFChS8RI/AAAAAAAAAks/Zx4ei8ajFnk/s1600/Appenzeller_spitskuif_Citroenzwartgeloverd_hen.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="300" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-T_5xMz-bgBI/TdArFChS8RI/AAAAAAAAAks/Zx4ei8ajFnk/s400/Appenzeller_spitskuif_Citroenzwartgeloverd_hen.jpg" style="cursor: move;" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="font-size: 13px; padding-top: 4px; text-align: center;">Appenzeller Spitzhauben - Citron Spangled Hen<br />
Photo Source: Kippen Encyclopedie</td></tr>
</tbody></table><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="font-family: Times; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; padding-bottom: 6px; padding-left: 6px; padding-right: 6px; padding-top: 6px; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-4NuIsFzDiGw/TdA11it668I/AAAAAAAAAlQ/HbwZaXAix4o/s1600/Gesperbert.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="266" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-4NuIsFzDiGw/TdA11it668I/AAAAAAAAAlQ/HbwZaXAix4o/s400/Gesperbert.JPG" style="cursor: move;" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="font-size: 13px; padding-top: 4px; text-align: center;">Appenzeller Spitzhauben - Barred Hen<br />
Photo Source: <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: verdana; font-size: 12px;">Förderverein Schweizer Kleintierrassen</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">Originally the Spitzhaubens could be found in ten colour varieties, but today the majority are mainly found in two colours, Golden Spangled and Silver Spangled. However, Black, Blue, self-Gold, White, Chamois Spangled and Barred do exist in Europe, but in North America only one, the Silver Spangled, is found. </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><br />
</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-YIFLqE2v7kE/TdG1TB_vjFI/AAAAAAAAAps/3r22SJ6izpM/s1600/appenzeller_spitzhaubenhahn.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="400" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-YIFLqE2v7kE/TdG1TB_vjFI/AAAAAAAAAps/3r22SJ6izpM/s400/appenzeller_spitzhaubenhahn.jpg" width="335" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Appenzeller Spitzhauben - White Cock<br />
Photo Source: Huhner Forum</td></tr>
</tbody></table><br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-Crlbh4SQC1o/TdG1TYLasFI/AAAAAAAAApw/Rh6tcPXYpAk/s1600/appenzeller_spitzhaubenhuhn.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="400" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-Crlbh4SQC1o/TdG1TYLasFI/AAAAAAAAApw/Rh6tcPXYpAk/s400/appenzeller_spitzhaubenhuhn.jpg" width="397" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Appenzeller Spitzhauben - White Hen<br />
Photo Source: French Poultry Forum</td></tr>
</tbody></table><br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-FCy8hqx62ag/TdG1ucYv4-I/AAAAAAAAAqw/OHIHm6KsquQ/s1600/images-1.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="293" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-FCy8hqx62ag/TdG1ucYv4-I/AAAAAAAAAqw/OHIHm6KsquQ/s400/images-1.jpeg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Appenzeller Spitzhauben - White Flock<br />
Photo Source: French Poultry Forum</td></tr>
</tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">Hopefully, with the interest in Rare Breeds, more varieties of the Spitzhauben will make their way across the pond and North Americans will be treated to the colour varieties of this breed.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><br />
</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-hvuoXlrdeg8/TdAhE287UII/AAAAAAAAAg8/IyqeP8Xmn5w/s1600/Appenzeller+Spitzhauben+gold+Hahn.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-hvuoXlrdeg8/TdAhE287UII/AAAAAAAAAg8/IyqeP8Xmn5w/s320/Appenzeller+Spitzhauben+gold+Hahn.jpg" width="226" /></a></div><br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-9XEU7h2qy64/TdAhHXp7o0I/AAAAAAAAAhA/o0ya3eeLuoE/s1600/appzspitzhahn.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="356" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-9XEU7h2qy64/TdAhHXp7o0I/AAAAAAAAAhA/o0ya3eeLuoE/s400/appzspitzhahn.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Appenzeller Spitzhauben - Silver Spangled Cock<br />
Photo Source: Manuela Silvestro</td></tr>
</tbody></table><br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-jOxbgvCzMRE/TdAhMhRGUGI/AAAAAAAAAhE/PcROQWU_b6Y/s1600/chamhahn.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="400" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-jOxbgvCzMRE/TdAhMhRGUGI/AAAAAAAAAhE/PcROQWU_b6Y/s400/chamhahn.jpg" width="335" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Appenzeller Spitzhauben - Chamois Spangled Cock<br />
Photo Source: Manuela Silvestro</td></tr>
</tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;">Appenzeller Spitzhaubens were not found in Britain until the early 1970's when Mrs. Pamela Jackson imported hatching eggs from Switzerland. In 1978, the "Appenzeller Breed Society" was formed catering to both the Appenzeller Spitzhauben and the Appenzeller </span><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;">Barthühner, a separate breed not to be confused with the Spitzhaubens. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"><br />
</span></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-VEBsEsxQEDY/TdHDzaJ18gI/AAAAAAAAAr0/OY78FqL5C9A/s1600/Huehner_AppZwergBart_003.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="266" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-VEBsEsxQEDY/TdHDzaJ18gI/AAAAAAAAAr0/OY78FqL5C9A/s400/Huehner_AppZwergBart_003.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 24px;"><span style="line-height: 24px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Appenzeller </span></span></span><span style="line-height: 24px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Barthühner Pair<br />
Photo Source: Unknown</span></span></span></span></td></tr>
</tbody></table><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-zMHb0m9WukA/TdA46zeGlZI/AAAAAAAAAn0/ghyElg2-G7U/s1600/Bant2.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="266" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-zMHb0m9WukA/TdA46zeGlZI/AAAAAAAAAn0/ghyElg2-G7U/s400/Bant2.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Appenzeller Spitzhauben - Silver Spangled Pair<br />
Photo Source: French Poultry Forum</td></tr>
</tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;">Continual importation from mainland Europe through the years has not only broadened the gene pool but has also improved the quality and </span><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;">standard of British birds. Currently, five colour varieties of the Spitzhauben are found in Britain – Gold Spangled and Silver Spangled being the most popular followed by the Blacks, Blues and Chamois Spangled. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"><br />
</span></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-zM04lj3duOs/TdA4VuESd7I/AAAAAAAAAmg/jy825tC067w/s1600/Chamois_Hahn-1.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="400" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-zM04lj3duOs/TdA4VuESd7I/AAAAAAAAAmg/jy825tC067w/s400/Chamois_Hahn-1.JPG" width="276" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Appenzeller Spitzhauben - Chamois Spangled Cock<br />
Photo Source: <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: verdana; font-size: 12px;">Förderverein Schweizer Kleintierrassen</span> </td></tr>
</tbody></table><br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-NqkO-vU-0UU/TdA4Wm1sH8I/AAAAAAAAAmo/7WLG_xfGYE0/s1600/Chamois_Hahn_Kopf.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="400" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-NqkO-vU-0UU/TdA4Wm1sH8I/AAAAAAAAAmo/7WLG_xfGYE0/s400/Chamois_Hahn_Kopf.JPG" width="276" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Appenzeller Spitzhauben - Chamois Spangled Cock<br />
Photo Source: <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: verdana; font-size: 12px;">Förderverein Schweizer Kleintierrassen</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table><br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-3rsjTG9qeFM/TdA4XNl5q3I/AAAAAAAAAms/VT6B60T5QQQ/s1600/Chamois_Henne.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="266" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-3rsjTG9qeFM/TdA4XNl5q3I/AAAAAAAAAms/VT6B60T5QQQ/s400/Chamois_Henne.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Appenzeller Spitzhauben - Chamois Spangled Hen<br />
Photo Source: <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: verdana; font-size: 12px;">Förderverein Schweizer Kleintierrassen</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table><br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-y5Lgd2doPTU/TdA4Xtu67xI/AAAAAAAAAmw/tunUd-Lx6po/s1600/Chamois_Herde.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="266" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-y5Lgd2doPTU/TdA4Xtu67xI/AAAAAAAAAmw/tunUd-Lx6po/s400/Chamois_Herde.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Appenzeller Spitzhauben - Chamois Spangled Flock<br />
Photo Source: <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: verdana; font-size: 12px;">Förderverein Schweizer Kleintierrassen</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"><br />
</span></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-QwjhnbFNGiU/TdA2O5nXPhI/AAAAAAAAAlU/-zg_Rya-SlA/s1600/Blau-1.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="266" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-QwjhnbFNGiU/TdA2O5nXPhI/AAAAAAAAAlU/-zg_Rya-SlA/s400/Blau-1.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Appenzeller Spitzhauben - Blue Flock<br />
Photo Source: <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: verdana; font-size: 12px;">Förderverein Schweizer Kleintierrassen</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table><br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-BIlxsqEND_U/TdA2QXyGEiI/AAAAAAAAAlg/DnelZ6O5C2w/s1600/Blau_Kampf_01.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="266" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-BIlxsqEND_U/TdA2QXyGEiI/AAAAAAAAAlg/DnelZ6O5C2w/s400/Blau_Kampf_01.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Appenzeller Spitzhauben - Blue Cocks Squaring Off<br />
Photo Source: <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: verdana; font-size: 12px;">Förderverein Schweizer Kleintierrassen</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table><br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-EwDRXrpG1V0/TdG0to_8xJI/AAAAAAAAAoU/hakJ48fjNP8/s1600/d8b1eec5b2249e51ffffc0b4ffa86321.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="266" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-EwDRXrpG1V0/TdG0to_8xJI/AAAAAAAAAoU/hakJ48fjNP8/s400/d8b1eec5b2249e51ffffc0b4ffa86321.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Appenzeller Spitzhauben - Blue Cock<br />
Photo Source: <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: verdana; font-size: 12px;">Unknown</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-gVqYOz9C7rM/TdA2fU8xS3I/AAAAAAAAAls/KXLUKh3o_f4/s1600/schwarz_Hahn.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="266" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-gVqYOz9C7rM/TdA2fU8xS3I/AAAAAAAAAls/KXLUKh3o_f4/s400/schwarz_Hahn.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Appenzeller Spitzhauben - Black Cock<br />
Photo Source: <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: verdana; font-size: 12px;">Förderverein Schweizer Kleintierrassen</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table><br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-Z2FadoqbvCI/TdA2fxOhZ8I/AAAAAAAAAlw/sSKo1p0cNWc/s1600/schwarz_Herde.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="266" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-Z2FadoqbvCI/TdA2fxOhZ8I/AAAAAAAAAlw/sSKo1p0cNWc/s400/schwarz_Herde.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Appenzeller Spitzhauben - Black Flock<br />
Photo Source: <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: verdana; font-size: 12px;">Förderverein Schweizer Kleintierrassen</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;">Unfortunately the Appenzeller Breed Society folded in 2001 even though interest in Spitzhaubens continues to grow, especially with the explosion of the back yard poultry movement. Beauty and productivity – what more could one ask of a breed!<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-VMXTzjmHxX8/TdAnyc5DwRI/AAAAAAAAAkc/7tuJGyJMpls/s1600/spitzhaube93.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="365" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-VMXTzjmHxX8/TdAnyc5DwRI/AAAAAAAAAkc/7tuJGyJMpls/s400/spitzhaube93.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Appenzeller Spitzhauben - Silver Spangled Cock<br />
Photo Source: <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: verdana; font-size: 12px;">Manuela Silvestro</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table><br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-IB-p9h8QROg/TdA2q8YgcqI/AAAAAAAAAl0/bahBqKuDE90/s1600/Silber_Hahn.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="400" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-IB-p9h8QROg/TdA2q8YgcqI/AAAAAAAAAl0/bahBqKuDE90/s400/Silber_Hahn.JPG" width="276" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Appenzeller Spitzhauben - Silver Spangled Cock<br />
Photo Source: <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: verdana; font-size: 12px;">Förderverein Schweizer Kleintierrassen</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table><br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-jkXBNhjpgnk/TdA2rcvFMWI/AAAAAAAAAl4/d06PTzKZwbI/s1600/Silber_Herde_gross.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="266" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-jkXBNhjpgnk/TdA2rcvFMWI/AAAAAAAAAl4/d06PTzKZwbI/s400/Silber_Herde_gross.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Appenzeller Spitzhauben - Silver Spangled Flock<br />
Photo Source: <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: verdana; font-size: 12px;">Förderverein Schweizer Kleintierrassen</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table><br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-hlg_DwvkNkY/TdA2r2S3mwI/AAAAAAAAAl8/1HDr2EM1Pic/s1600/Silber_Herde_gross2.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="266" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-hlg_DwvkNkY/TdA2r2S3mwI/AAAAAAAAAl8/1HDr2EM1Pic/s400/Silber_Herde_gross2.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Appenzeller Spitzhauben - Silver Spangled Flock<br />
Photo Source: <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: verdana; font-size: 12px;">Förderverein Schweizer Kleintierrassen</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table><br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-DThVlaPavnM/TdA2suESj7I/AAAAAAAAAmA/F2RXZZWLavc/s1600/Silber_Kueken.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="266" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-DThVlaPavnM/TdA2suESj7I/AAAAAAAAAmA/F2RXZZWLavc/s400/Silber_Kueken.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Appenzeller Spitzhauben - Silver Spangled Chicks<br />
Photo Source: <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: verdana; font-size: 12px;">Förderverein Schweizer Kleintierrassen</span> </td></tr>
</tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"> </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;"><b>British Standards for the Appenzeller Spitzhauben are as follows:</b><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: red;">Silver Spangled</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: red;"><br />
</span></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-9XEU7h2qy64/TdAhHXp7o0I/AAAAAAAAAhA/o0ya3eeLuoE/s1600/appzspitzhahn.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="356" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-9XEU7h2qy64/TdAhHXp7o0I/AAAAAAAAAhA/o0ya3eeLuoE/s400/appzspitzhahn.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Appenzeller Spitzhauben - Silver Spangled Cock<br />
Photo Source: <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: verdana; font-size: 12px;">Manuela Silvestro</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table><br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-L7uWb9SYi3c/TdAheyoCMAI/AAAAAAAAAhY/y9MB4W-s6qk/s1600/spitzhaubezr.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="356" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-L7uWb9SYi3c/TdAheyoCMAI/AAAAAAAAAhY/y9MB4W-s6qk/s400/spitzhaubezr.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Appenzeller Spitzhauben - Silver Spangled Hen<br />
Photo Source: <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: verdana; font-size: 12px;">Manuela Silvestro</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: red;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;">Male plumage:</span><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"> Pure silvery white ground colour, with each feather ending in distinct black, fairly small spangle, not circular, less pronounced on the head and neck. Primaries, secondaries and tail feathers, silvery white with black tips. Abdomen and fluff grey; undercolour dark grey.</span><span style="font-family: Verdana;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;">Female plumage:</span><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"> Head, crest and the neck silvery white with black tipping. Breast, wing bows, back and tail silvery white with distinct black spangling. Flights as for the male. Undercolour dark grey.</span><span style="font-family: Verdana;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: red;">Gold Spangled</span></span><span style="font-family: Verdana;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: red;"><br />
</span></span></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-9uGn1JwVF7g/TdAiaLWjqiI/AAAAAAAAAiM/pRHqj08UIig/s1600/hahn241r.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="375" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-9uGn1JwVF7g/TdAiaLWjqiI/AAAAAAAAAiM/pRHqj08UIig/s400/hahn241r.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Appenzeller Spitzhauben - Gold Spangled Cock<br />
Photo Source: <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: verdana; font-size: 12px;">Manuela Silvestro</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table><br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-imWQobMPNdI/TdG1n5iayFI/AAAAAAAAAqQ/KL61hPUkXAo/s1600/DSC03054.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="300" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-imWQobMPNdI/TdG1n5iayFI/AAAAAAAAAqQ/KL61hPUkXAo/s400/DSC03054.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Appenzeller Spitzhauben - Gold Spangled Hen<br />
Photo Source: <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: verdana; font-size: 12px;">Unknown</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: red;"><br />
</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: red;"><br />
</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;">Male plumage:</span><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"> Gold-red ground colour, spangling as for the silver spangled. Flights; outer web golden yellow, inner web as black as possible. Breast and flanks gold with black spangles. Abdomen and undercolour greyish black. Tail as brown as possible with black tips, a blackish brown tail allowed.</span><span style="font-family: Verdana;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;">Female plumage:</span><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"> Golden-yellow ground colour, tail golden-brown with black spangling. Otherwise as for the male, having regard to the necessary sexual differences.</span><span style="font-family: Verdana;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"><br />
</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: red;">Black</span></span><span style="font-family: Verdana;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"><br />
</span></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-FZDNMBZTZF8/TdHXHowcp6I/AAAAAAAAAr4/9c1tPFWmzrw/s1600/52351676.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="426" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-FZDNMBZTZF8/TdHXHowcp6I/AAAAAAAAAr4/9c1tPFWmzrw/s640/52351676.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Appenzeller Spitzhauben - Black Flock<br />
Photo Source: <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: verdana; font-size: 12px;">Unknown</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;">Male and female plumage:</span><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"> Shiny greenish-black with a dark grey to black undercolour.</span><span style="font-family: Verdana;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: red;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: red;">Blue</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Y7sXZ3MLJjI/TdG1SvpG6LI/AAAAAAAAApo/_3qhjasa4g0/s1600/appenzeller_blue_spang_m_600.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Y7sXZ3MLJjI/TdG1SvpG6LI/AAAAAAAAApo/_3qhjasa4g0/s320/appenzeller_blue_spang_m_600.gif" width="320" /></a></div><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;">Male plumage</span><span style="font-family: Verdana;">:</span><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"> Head, neck, saddle and wing-bows dark slate-blue. Remainder medium blue, free from mealiness, sandiness or bronze. Black splashes in the tail permissible. Undercolour grey-blue</span><span style="font-family: Verdana;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;">Female plumage</span><span style="font-family: Verdana;">: </span><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;">Medium blue throughout, free from mealiness, sandiness or bronze, except head and neck which are a darker shade, but not so dark as in the male. Undercolour grey-blue.</span><span style="font-family: Verdana;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: red;">Chamois Spangled</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-mT-u0AmChD8/TdA4q9YeUxI/AAAAAAAAAng/3RLNOXkGIu0/s1600/europashow28.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="266" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-mT-u0AmChD8/TdA4q9YeUxI/AAAAAAAAAng/3RLNOXkGIu0/s400/europashow28.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana;">Appenzeller Spitzhauben - Chamois Spangled Cock<br />
Photo Source: <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: verdana; font-size: 12px;">Unknown</span></span></td></tr>
</tbody></table><br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-AZ7dl--pYgQ/TdA4qOBBBSI/AAAAAAAAAnc/tt7kCISnLEs/s1600/europashow27.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="266" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-AZ7dl--pYgQ/TdA4qOBBBSI/AAAAAAAAAnc/tt7kCISnLEs/s400/europashow27.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana;">Appenzeller Spitzhauben - Chamois Spangled Cock<br />
Photo Source: <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: verdana; font-size: 12px;">Unknown</span></span></td></tr>
</tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;">Male plumage:</span><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"> Golden-buff ground colour, with each feather ending in a distinct creamy-white, fairly small spangle, not circular; less pronounced on the head and neck. Flights; outer web golden-buff, inner web creamy-white. Breast and flanks golden-buff with creamy-white spangles. Abdomen and undercolour creamy-white. Tail as golden-buff as possible with creamy-white tips, a buff/white tail allowed.</span><span style="font-family: Verdana;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;">Female plumage:</span><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"> Head, crest and neck golden-buff with creamy white tipping. Breast, wing bows, back and tail golden-buff with distinct creamy-white spangling. Flights as for the male. Undercolour creamy-white.</span><span style="font-family: Verdana;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"><b>In both sexes and all colours</b></span><span style="font-family: Verdana;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;">Beak bluish</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;">Eyes dark brown</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;">Comb, face and wattles bright red</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;">Ear-lobes bluish-white</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;">Shanks blue</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;">Weights</span><span style="font-family: Verdana;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;">Male 1.60 - 2.00kg (3.5 - 4.5 lb)</span><span style="font-family: Verdana;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;">Female 1.35 - 1.60kg (3 - 3.5 lb)</span><span style="font-family: Verdana;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;">Scale of points<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;"><br />
</span></div><table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid gray 1.0pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid gray 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid gray 1.0pt; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-table-layout-alt: fixed;"><tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;"> <td style="border: solid gray 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 156.0pt;" width="156"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;">Type and carriage<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid gray 1.0pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid gray 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 31.0pt;" width="31"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;">25<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid gray 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid gray 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 156.0pt;" width="156"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;">Colour and markings<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid gray 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid gray 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid gray 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid gray 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 31.0pt;" width="31"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;">25<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 2;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid gray 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid gray 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 156.0pt;" width="156"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;">Head points<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid gray 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid gray 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid gray 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid gray 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 31.0pt;" width="31"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;">25<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 3;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid gray 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid gray 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 156.0pt;" width="156"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;">Legs and feet<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid gray 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid gray 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid gray 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid gray 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 31.0pt;" width="31"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;">15<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 4;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid gray 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid gray 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 156.0pt;" width="156"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;">Condition<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid gray 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid gray 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid gray 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid gray 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 31.0pt;" width="31"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;">10<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 5; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid gray 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid gray 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 156.0pt;" width="156"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid gray 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid gray 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid gray 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid gray 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 31.0pt;" width="31"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;">100<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
</tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;">Serious Defects:</span><span style="font-family: Verdana;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;">- Comb other than horn</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;">- Side sprigs</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;">- Narrow or roach back</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;">- Squirrel tail</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;">- Breast too deep or narrow</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;">- Low wing carriage</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;">- Tail lacking fullness</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;">- Crow beak</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;">- Nostrils not cavernous</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;">- Bad stance</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;">- Any sign of feathering on shanks<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"> - from www.appenzellerspitzhauben.co.uk</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-jUZCWEhMHPs/TdG1PdgO6aI/AAAAAAAAApQ/uhSv9Kwg3UI/s1600/8564846_orig.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="262" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-jUZCWEhMHPs/TdG1PdgO6aI/AAAAAAAAApQ/uhSv9Kwg3UI/s400/8564846_orig.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Appenzeller Spitzhauben - Silver Spangled Flock<br />
Photo Source: <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: verdana; font-size: 12px;">Unknown</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table><br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-ZeWEBFWqfIg/TdG1QfZ1xGI/AAAAAAAAApU/MGSIERtpCBA/s1600/153642521_424476fdeb.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="300" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-ZeWEBFWqfIg/TdG1QfZ1xGI/AAAAAAAAApU/MGSIERtpCBA/s400/153642521_424476fdeb.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Photo Source: Unknown</td></tr>
</tbody></table><br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-vNvdjovbGXM/TdG1QzdRIII/AAAAAAAAApY/Z1cd5tbMhtg/s1600/2839521608_small_1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="300" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-vNvdjovbGXM/TdG1QzdRIII/AAAAAAAAApY/Z1cd5tbMhtg/s400/2839521608_small_1.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Appenzeller Spitzhauben - Silver Spangled Flock<br />
Photo Source:</td></tr>
</tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 28.0pt 56.0pt 84.0pt 112.0pt 140.0pt 168.0pt 196.0pt 224.0pt 252.0pt 280.0pt 308.0pt 336.0pt; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 28.0pt 56.0pt 84.0pt 112.0pt 140.0pt 168.0pt 196.0pt 224.0pt 252.0pt 280.0pt 308.0pt 336.0pt; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 28.0pt 56.0pt 84.0pt 112.0pt 140.0pt 168.0pt 196.0pt 224.0pt 252.0pt 280.0pt 308.0pt 336.0pt; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 28.0pt 56.0pt 84.0pt 112.0pt 140.0pt 168.0pt 196.0pt 224.0pt 252.0pt 280.0pt 308.0pt 336.0pt; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;">In</span><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"> Holland, Spitzhaubens are recognized in four colours: Silver Spangled, Gold Spangled, Lemon Spangled (a little different from the British Chamois Spangled) and Self-Black; although the Lemon Spangled and the Black are somewhat rare. The Dutch Standards speak of tipped or spangled feathering. With the Spitzhauben, the </span>markings are really in between tipped and spangled with the black tips at the end of each feather in the Spangled colour varieties not as prominent as those of the Spangled Hamburgs. The result of this smaller “tipping” or “spangling” is a lighter looking bird; not as black or dark looking which would be a fault. Tail feathers are also spangled.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 28.0pt 56.0pt 84.0pt 112.0pt 140.0pt 168.0pt 196.0pt 224.0pt 252.0pt 280.0pt 308.0pt 336.0pt; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 28.0pt 56.0pt 84.0pt 112.0pt 140.0pt 168.0pt 196.0pt 224.0pt 252.0pt 280.0pt 308.0pt 336.0pt; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;">Weights per the Dutch Standards are as follows:<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 28.0pt 56.0pt 84.0pt 112.0pt 140.0pt 168.0pt 196.0pt 224.0pt 252.0pt 280.0pt 308.0pt 336.0pt; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;">Large Fowl Bantams<o:p></o:p></span></div><table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black 1.0pt; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-table-layout-alt: fixed;"><tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;"> <td colspan="2" style="background: #EEEEEE; border: solid black 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 160.0pt;" width="160"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;">haan<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td colspan="2" style="background: #EEEEEE; border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 158.0pt;" width="158"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;">hen<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td colspan="2" style="background: #EEEEEE; border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 158.0pt;" width="158"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;">haan<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td colspan="2" style="background: #EEEEEE; border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 158.0pt;" width="158"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;">hen<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-row-margin-right: 2.0pt; mso-yfti-irow: 1; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;"> <td style="background: white; border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 158.0pt;" width="158"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;">1,5-1,8 kg<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td colspan="2" style="background: white; border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 158.0pt;" width="158"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;">1,2-1,5 kg<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td colspan="2" style="background: white; border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 158.0pt;" width="158"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;">700-800 gram<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td colspan="2" style="background: white; border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 158.0pt;" width="158"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;">600- 700 gram<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border: none; mso-cell-special: placeholder; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm;" width="2"><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div></td> </tr>
<tr height="0"> <td style="border: none;" width="158"></td> <td style="border: none;" width="2"></td> <td style="border: none;" width="156"></td> <td style="border: none;" width="2"></td> <td style="border: none;" width="156"></td> <td style="border: none;" width="2"></td> <td style="border: none;" width="156"></td> <td style="border: none;" width="2"></td> </tr>
</tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><br />
</div><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-CjTq6pCHMIY/TdG1stCYceI/AAAAAAAAAqk/ljIuBXUr3Js/s1600/GEDC0404.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-CjTq6pCHMIY/TdG1stCYceI/AAAAAAAAAqk/ljIuBXUr3Js/s320/GEDC0404.JPG" width="320" /></a></div><br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-x3-Pukk3rUY/TdG1t59XMOI/AAAAAAAAAqs/DbfNdjq69fU/s1600/Huehner_AppSpitzhauben_003.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="266" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-x3-Pukk3rUY/TdG1t59XMOI/AAAAAAAAAqs/DbfNdjq69fU/s400/Huehner_AppSpitzhauben_003.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Appenzeller Spitzhauben - Silver Spangled Flock<br />
Photo Source: <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: verdana; font-size: 12px;">Förderverein Schweizer Kleintierrassen</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;"><o:p><br />
</o:p></span></div><br />
<br />
<br />
<div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: red;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><b>Appenzeller Spitzhaubens from the </b></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: red;"><b>Appenzeller Europashow</b></span></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: red;"><b>November 2010 in Wapenveld The Netherlands </b></span></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(Photo Source: Herman van Olst www.spitskuifkriel.nl)</span></b></span></div></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><br />
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</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;"><b>Bantam Appenzeller Spitzhaubens</b><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;">Herman van Olst (www.spitskuifkriel.nl) , a Dutch breeder is credited with the development of the Bantam varieties. Starting around 1980, he began his breeding program with a crossing of Bantam Dutch Owlbeards (Uilebaardkrielen) with the Large fowl Spitzhauben. This proved not to be a wise choice as resulting birds were larger than the Appenzeller itself.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;">The second attempt was a crossing using Dutch bantams and the results showed more possibilities. For ten generations, Mr. van Olst<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 28.0pt 56.0pt 84.0pt 112.0pt 140.0pt 168.0pt 196.0pt 224.0pt 252.0pt 280.0pt 308.0pt 336.0pt; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;">concentrated on attaining proper bantam size and an upright Spitzhauben-like crest. The crest proved to be the hardest property to attain. </span><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;">In 2003, after more than 12 generations of crosses, Mr. van Olst achieved his goal. At the 2003 NHDB show, his Silver Spangled bantams were recognized by the Dutch Poultry Standards and his Gold Spangled bantams recognized in 2004. </span><span style="font-family: Verdana;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><br />
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</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-dM-Bg1-COuU/TdA49YaNLGI/AAAAAAAAAn4/fdKUEPz_U_0/s1600/bant3.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="213" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-dM-Bg1-COuU/TdA49YaNLGI/AAAAAAAAAn4/fdKUEPz_U_0/s320/bant3.jpg" style="cursor: move;" width="320" /></a></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 24px;">Documentation as to when the first Spitzhauben arrived in North America has not yet been found.</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 24px;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 24px;">If anyone knows the history of this breed in North America or knows of any sources which might shed some light on this, please contact Cameron at mcattack_ca@yahoo.com</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 28.0pt 56.0pt 84.0pt 112.0pt 140.0pt 168.0pt 196.0pt 224.0pt 252.0pt 280.0pt 308.0pt 336.0pt; text-autospace: none;"><br />
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</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 28.0pt 56.0pt 84.0pt 112.0pt 140.0pt 168.0pt 196.0pt 224.0pt 252.0pt 280.0pt 308.0pt 336.0pt; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;">*There is currently work going on in Russia to re-create </span><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;">the Pavloski through genetic tracing and other means.</span><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 28.0pt 56.0pt 84.0pt 112.0pt 140.0pt 168.0pt 196.0pt 224.0pt 252.0pt 280.0pt 308.0pt 336.0pt; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 28.0pt 56.0pt 84.0pt 112.0pt 140.0pt 168.0pt 196.0pt 224.0pt 252.0pt 280.0pt 308.0pt 336.0pt; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 28.0pt 56.0pt 84.0pt 112.0pt 140.0pt 168.0pt 196.0pt 224.0pt 252.0pt 280.0pt 308.0pt 336.0pt; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;">I would like to thank Manuela Silvestro for giving me permission to use so many of her photos. She has a great site that is well worth viewing:</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 28.0pt 56.0pt 84.0pt 112.0pt 140.0pt 168.0pt 196.0pt 224.0pt 252.0pt 280.0pt 308.0pt 336.0pt; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 28.0pt 56.0pt 84.0pt 112.0pt 140.0pt 168.0pt 196.0pt 224.0pt 252.0pt 280.0pt 308.0pt 336.0pt; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;">http://www.appenzeller-spitzhaube.com</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 28.0pt 56.0pt 84.0pt 112.0pt 140.0pt 168.0pt 196.0pt 224.0pt 252.0pt 280.0pt 308.0pt 336.0pt; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0cm;"><div style="line-height: 150%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana;">Many thanks are also in order to Mr. Herman van Olst, the creator of the Bantam Appenzeller Spitzhauben. Please take time to visit his website at:</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana;">http://www.spitskuifkriel.nl</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana;"><br />
</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"><br />
</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;">I would also like to thank Dean Shuck for all of his help and for reminding me of the Russian link in the history of the Spitzhauben. I apologize for any errors made in the translations, be they from Dutch, French, German or Russian.</span></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 28.0pt 56.0pt 84.0pt 112.0pt 140.0pt 168.0pt 196.0pt 224.0pt 252.0pt 280.0pt 308.0pt 336.0pt; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"><br />
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</div>Cameronhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17660301478540340621noreply@blogger.com20tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4871362593993053377.post-78422577894216707902011-05-07T10:16:00.002-07:002011-05-09T15:18:29.858-07:00Naked Necks - Chickens that Look Like Turkeys<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-e-fmiYrPV5Y/TcH_QnXMg4I/AAAAAAAAAZg/sTdBCQ4A2Fk/s1600/01+%252820%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="400" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-e-fmiYrPV5Y/TcH_QnXMg4I/AAAAAAAAAZg/sTdBCQ4A2Fk/s400/01+%252820%2529.jpg" width="265" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Naked Neck - Black Cockerel<br />
Photo: Courtesy of www.mgegodollo.hu</td></tr>
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</div><div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;">The first time I saw a picture of a Naked Neck chicken I thought the poor thing had a disease. When I found out it was actually a very old historical breed, I wondered who would want these ugly things. </span><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;">The main characteristic of this breed is that virtually all the neck and crop area is naked of feathering, just a rich red coloured skin, giving the birds a revolting yet fascinating appearance.</span><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"> I must admit that now, the more I see of them, the more I like them.</span><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-ZftmdTkDLn4/TcLMJN1E86I/AAAAAAAAAZk/qqk-wEL8XWY/s1600/collo_nudo_transilvania.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="195" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-ZftmdTkDLn4/TcLMJN1E86I/AAAAAAAAAZk/qqk-wEL8XWY/s400/collo_nudo_transilvania.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Naked Necks - Black Pair<br />
Photo Source: Istruzione Agraria Online</td></tr>
</tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;">The history of the Naked Neck is not very well known although they are documented to have existed in Europe since the beginning of the 18th Century having been mentioned in an Austrian poultry book dated from 1701. <i>Winkler (1921)</i> and <i>Bakoss (1931)</i> presume that the ancestors of these birds were brought into the Carpathian basin from Asia by the Hun conquerors at the end of the ninth century. Evidence for this is given by the fact that chickens without feathers around their necks are portrayed in old Japanese art. As well, claiming the Asian link, other poultry historians cite the fact that the Malagache, one of the fighting breeds from the Malay Peninsula, also have no feathers around their necks. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><blockquote>“From what I have read the Naked Neck was originally derived from the Madagascar and the Ga Noi game breeds when crossed to common chickens. They supposedly originated in Malasia and Southeast Asia and radiated out from there through trade with other countries. The Naked Necks as a type have been around for several thousand years and their history is rather obscure.” – Dean Shuck</blockquote><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-qnmMVDnRgtE/TcLOz7W0fpI/AAAAAAAAAZo/TUAMsJouGp0/s1600/malgache_1484.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="300" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-qnmMVDnRgtE/TcLOz7W0fpI/AAAAAAAAAZo/TUAMsJouGp0/s400/malgache_1484.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Madagascar Game Fowl (Magalache) - Close Up<br />
Photo Source:</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-Kp_ZozncDfM/TcLO4yRcaLI/AAAAAAAAAZs/IrA4ofLCvTM/s1600/7988.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="400" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-Kp_ZozncDfM/TcLO4yRcaLI/AAAAAAAAAZs/IrA4ofLCvTM/s400/7988.jpg" width="305" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Madagascar Game Fowl (Magalache) - Frontal View<br />
Photo Source: Ultimate Fowl Forum</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-NiqyLe0KvkI/TcLO7gwVgOI/AAAAAAAAAZw/W1Ed-9ic6Y8/s1600/vietnam1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="400" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-NiqyLe0KvkI/TcLO7gwVgOI/AAAAAAAAAZw/W1Ed-9ic6Y8/s400/vietnam1.jpg" width="385" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Ga Noi (Vietnamese Fighting Fowl)<br />
Photo Source: SAK Rassen Information</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-yhHXnnKx-g4/TcLO_EZVHHI/AAAAAAAAAZ0/iuJt3vAFwAE/s1600/1289564543_137311374_1-Hinh-anh-ca--GA-NOI-BARIA-VUNG-TAU-1289564543.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="300" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-yhHXnnKx-g4/TcLO_EZVHHI/AAAAAAAAAZ0/iuJt3vAFwAE/s400/1289564543_137311374_1-Hinh-anh-ca--GA-NOI-BARIA-VUNG-TAU-1289564543.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Ga Noi (Vietnamese Fighting Fowl)<br />
Photo Source: SAK Rassen Information<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-EMrb80RXw5I/TcLP1uM6CEI/AAAAAAAAAZ4/sRn40DAF7M8/s1600/20110402_stp002.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="225" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-EMrb80RXw5I/TcLP1uM6CEI/AAAAAAAAAZ4/sRn40DAF7M8/s400/20110402_stp002.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Naked Necks - Black Flock<br />
Photo Source: The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Scotland</td></tr>
</tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"><o:p><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times; line-height: normal;"></span></o:p></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"><o:p><br />
</o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana;">The name Transylvanian Naked Neck was given this breed as it is claimed that the modern breed originated in the part of eastern Hungary known as Transylvania (this location is now part of modern day Romania). </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana;"><br />
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</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-ljrzGrzM68E/TcLZEKF-YGI/AAAAAAAAAag/R_LtNtSVO7k/s1600/transylvania.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="255" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-ljrzGrzM68E/TcLZEKF-YGI/AAAAAAAAAag/R_LtNtSVO7k/s320/transylvania.JPG" width="320" /></a></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;">Mr. Lewis Wright, in a book on poultry, says this of the origins of the Naked Neck:<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><blockquote>“An amateur who had travelled in Transylvania (the home of these fowls) told us there was a tradition their origin had been from a bird injured by a severe scald on the neck which had caused utter loss of plumage, which was afterwards transmitted. We can only give the legend for what it is worth” – (Wright, 1890)</blockquote><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;">The breed received the name Turken and "Churkey" as it was also once believed that it came about as the result of a cross between a chicken and a turkey. However, this has long been since disproven; the Naked Neck is chicken through and through. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-J0O4C0_sbmk/TcLaIIQZ8_I/AAAAAAAAAak/iyTjHeaPOsc/s1600/collo_nudo_transilvania_m.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="400" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-J0O4C0_sbmk/TcLaIIQZ8_I/AAAAAAAAAak/iyTjHeaPOsc/s400/collo_nudo_transilvania_m.jpg" width="376" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Naked Neck - Blue Rooster<br />
Photo Source: Istruzione Agraria Online</td></tr>
</tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana;">A farmyard fowl known for its fast growth and good foraging abilities, its popularity spread quickly. They became birds of preference, not only for their relatively good year round egg production but also for their excellent meat quality, this said to be a result of their "seeking habit", scratching for food regardless of hot or cold weather. Also adding to their popularity was the fact that Naked Necks were hardy birds, resistant to diseases and the costs of keeping them were very low. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"><o:p><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-yWHogDPFs5w/TcLafuaRdwI/AAAAAAAAAao/69K14s-QsAQ/s1600/collonudotransilvania_nana_bianca_f.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="400" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-yWHogDPFs5w/TcLafuaRdwI/AAAAAAAAAao/69K14s-QsAQ/s400/collonudotransilvania_nana_bianca_f.JPG" width="348" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Naked Neck - White Pullet<br />
Photo Source: Istruzione Agraria Online</td></tr>
</tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;">By the 1800's, the Naked Neck was bred throughout the Austro-Hungarian Empire. Here it became known as the Szeremlei chicken, named after one of its first documented breeders in the early 1800's<i> (Bakoss, 1931). </i>Romanian archives mention a Mrs. Luiza Hohenberg from Siebenburgen (the German name for the part of Transylvania in western Romania) as one of the earlier poultry fanciers known for the breeding and selecting of Naked Necks. It is said that birds from her flock formed the basis of the exhibition Naked Neck with progeny being sent to Germany, Austria and France.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-o-4VeZd_oQA/TcLbx9Nn9MI/AAAAAAAAAas/Jc2x7ByfDwI/s1600/5-ah.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="313" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-o-4VeZd_oQA/TcLbx9Nn9MI/AAAAAAAAAas/Jc2x7ByfDwI/s400/5-ah.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Austro-Hungarian Empire circa 1800's<br />
Map Source: www.crackingthecode.ca</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-dMnaqg_NFLU/TcLb223WU9I/AAAAAAAAAaw/aGxFlRZKAFI/s1600/National+Geographic+Images.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="307" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-dMnaqg_NFLU/TcLb223WU9I/AAAAAAAAAaw/aGxFlRZKAFI/s400/National+Geographic+Images.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Naked Necks - Black Flock<br />
Photo Source: National Geographic Images</td></tr>
</tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;">German fanciers are credited to have "perfected" the modern exhibition Naked Neck by taking the common farmyard variety and breeding it into a more consistent form devoid of any feathers on the neck. The first Naked Neck chicken seen in exhibition was shown in Vienna in 1875 when Herr C. E. Weber, Mrs Hohenberg and Mrs. Szeremley entered some large fowl. The birds created quite a stir and the two women, Mrs. Hohenber and Ms. Szeremley were recipients of awards of highest distinction for their entries. Bantam Naked Necks were soon developed with the first shown by Herr Karl Hurth at the German National show in Frankfurt in 1898. From then on, their popularity amongst poultry fanciers grew quickly. In </span><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;">1905 the Sonderverein der Züchter, der Nackthalshühner, Zwerg- Nackthalshühner und Rumänischen Nackthalstümmler (The Special Breeders Association for Naked Neck Chickens, Bantam Naked Neck Chickens and Romanian Naked Neck Pigeons) was formed.</span><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"> In 1907, at the Leipzig Poultry Show, 110 Naked Necks were exhibited. One of the breed clubs, the Nackthalszuchter-Verein, even commissioned a postcard in 1911 illustrating the Black, Cuckoo, and White Naked Neck varieties.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-mYdcnlZKbwU/TcNNBq4O3JI/AAAAAAAAAa0/4SSWrh5D9nc/s1600/Zwerg+Nackthalshuehner+1%252C0.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="400" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-mYdcnlZKbwU/TcNNBq4O3JI/AAAAAAAAAa0/4SSWrh5D9nc/s400/Zwerg+Nackthalshuehner+1%252C0.jpg" width="300" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Naked Neck - White Bantam Cockerel head shot<br />
Photo Source: Jugendseite-Westfalen</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-idHIDf6e3eo/TcNNLjx54RI/AAAAAAAAAa4/iPe7Imk1exQ/s1600/Zwerg+Nackthalshuhn+schwarz.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="300" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-idHIDf6e3eo/TcNNLjx54RI/AAAAAAAAAa4/iPe7Imk1exQ/s400/Zwerg+Nackthalshuhn+schwarz.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Naked Neck - Black Bantam Cockerel<br />
Photo Source: Jugendseite-Westfalen</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-kLQ3_0HTtGU/TcNNRekxLrI/AAAAAAAAAa8/pE14qg086ec/s1600/Zwerg+Nackthalshuehner+gesperbert-1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="300" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-kLQ3_0HTtGU/TcNNRekxLrI/AAAAAAAAAa8/pE14qg086ec/s400/Zwerg+Nackthalshuehner+gesperbert-1.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Naked Neck - Cuckoo Bantam Pullet<br />
Photo Source: Jugendseite-Westfalen</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-gXvVsLZe-gc/TcNNWslBhQI/AAAAAAAAAbA/zQK0wLMszFc/s1600/Zwerg+Nackthalshuehner+weiss-1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="300" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-gXvVsLZe-gc/TcNNWslBhQI/AAAAAAAAAbA/zQK0wLMszFc/s400/Zwerg+Nackthalshuehner+weiss-1.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Naked Neck - White Bantam Cockerel<br />
Photo Source: Jugendseite-Westfalen</td></tr>
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</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;">Naked Necks are documented to have been in Britain from the early 1870’s, with Mr. John C. Fraser exhibiting them in 1874. They never became popular in Britain as poultry fanciers considered it too much a common farmyard fowl. These impressions are basically summed up by Lewis Wright in his illustrated book of poultry from 1890, whereupon he says:<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><blockquote>“By this name is known a curious variety imported from Austria, and in which the feathers are entirely absent from the neck, the head being feathered as usual. The effect is peculiar, but most unpleasant. There is nothing fixed about the birds otherwise, the last pair we saw having the cock feather legged, and the hen bare-legged, and the plumage the commonist barnyard mongrel type” - (Wright, 1890)</blockquote><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-Eb5dRPNpRsw/TcNQAqzi4CI/AAAAAAAAAbU/6Q_LHZlylFk/s1600/2076180360_9f6d75fcb7_o.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="400" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-Eb5dRPNpRsw/TcNQAqzi4CI/AAAAAAAAAbU/6Q_LHZlylFk/s400/2076180360_9f6d75fcb7_o.jpg" width="266" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Naked Neck - Buff Rooster Head shot<br />
Photo Source: Unknown</td></tr>
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</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-aQMrgdSUTxU/TcNPUipW5dI/AAAAAAAAAbI/iUErT2POhcg/s1600/Nackthalshuhn.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="300" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-aQMrgdSUTxU/TcNPUipW5dI/AAAAAAAAAbI/iUErT2POhcg/s400/Nackthalshuhn.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Naked Neck - Black Hen<br />
Photo Source: Unknown</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-69a3gW7KHdk/TcNPac0IxgI/AAAAAAAAAbM/vuQxANn4mcI/s1600/01+%252820%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="400" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-69a3gW7KHdk/TcNPac0IxgI/AAAAAAAAAbM/vuQxANn4mcI/s400/01+%252820%2529.jpg" width="265" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Naked Neck - Black Cockerel<br />
Photo Source: Unknown</td></tr>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana;">Naked Necks appeared in North America in the late 1800’s but never caught on like they did in mainland Europe, in part because of the myth that they were not a true breed of poultry, but rather an inter-species cross. It was not until 1927 that the United States Department of Agriculture declared it a breed, patented the name “Bare-Neck” and assigned it to thus. Prior to this date, Dr. Morley Jull of the U.S.D.A. and other poultry scientists had referred to the breed as Transylvania Naked Neck chickens, even though the names Turken and Churkey were more commonplace due to the popularity of the myth of its origins.</span><br />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-VQ3JjbfJoxE/TcNP8AFMsXI/AAAAAAAAAbQ/M2GOaEdDbYA/s1600/527131337.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-VQ3JjbfJoxE/TcNP8AFMsXI/AAAAAAAAAbQ/M2GOaEdDbYA/s400/527131337.jpg" width="300" /></a></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times;"><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana;">Dr. Jull, however, was quite adamant that the Naked Neck was not a result of a cross between a turkey and a chicken.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><blockquote>“Such a claim … is not founded on established fact, and no records have been published for such a cross. Moreover, if such a cross were possible, the progeny would, in all probability, be sterile. The turkey and the chicken do not belong to the same species of fowl and are too distantly related to cross with even the remotest hope of securing progeny.” – Dr Jull as quoted by Linda M Gryner</blockquote><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-2PP5DJrb_ac/TcNQ1gRXirI/AAAAAAAAAbc/de8oC-X6euE/s1600/Erdelyi_fekete_kopasznyaku-225x300.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="400" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-2PP5DJrb_ac/TcNQ1gRXirI/AAAAAAAAAbc/de8oC-X6euE/s400/Erdelyi_fekete_kopasznyaku-225x300.jpg" width="300" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Naked Neck - Black Rooster<br />
Photo Source: commons.wikimedia.org</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-9sKTnpuX4lE/TcNQ613DDYI/AAAAAAAAAbg/h9TQ-H4ajqM/s1600/from+Poultry+Mad.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="400" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-9sKTnpuX4lE/TcNQ613DDYI/AAAAAAAAAbg/h9TQ-H4ajqM/s400/from+Poultry+Mad.jpg" width="360" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Naked Neck - Black Cock<br />
Photo Source: Mad Poultry</td></tr>
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<br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;">Unfortunately, the World Wars took their toll on Naked Necks as they did on so many poultry breeds and varieties, and the fact that the Naked Neck was considered an “anti-Nazi” breed accelerated the demise of various colour varieties and the Bantams in mainland Europe. In Britain and America, the bird was deemed to be too “Germanic” and with wartime </span><span style="font-family: Verdana;">feelings running high there was a sharp decline in its numbers. </span><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;">In fact, by the early 1950’s there were no Bantam varieties left, and subsequently they had to be recreated.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-hR1AT2Ar_dE/TcNRMHVRwEI/AAAAAAAAAbk/raSzSLMgcDs/s1600/images-1.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="299" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-hR1AT2Ar_dE/TcNRMHVRwEI/AAAAAAAAAbk/raSzSLMgcDs/s400/images-1.jpeg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Naked Neck - Blue Flock<br />
Photo So<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">urce: </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">jmhappycowboy a.k.a. James May</span></span></td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-kl3QpmF0Tog/TcNRQPxTHwI/AAAAAAAAAbo/Pma2N74UkGs/s1600/Naakthals_Blauw_hen.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="300" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-kl3QpmF0Tog/TcNRQPxTHwI/AAAAAAAAAbo/Pma2N74UkGs/s400/Naakthals_Blauw_hen.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Naked Neck: Blue Hen<br />
Photo Source: Kippen Encylopedie</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-D7_wrsK59BQ/TcNRSkLFZfI/AAAAAAAAAbs/g9CjfUdyB-Q/s1600/Naakthals_Blauw_haan.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="300" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-D7_wrsK59BQ/TcNRSkLFZfI/AAAAAAAAAbs/g9CjfUdyB-Q/s400/Naakthals_Blauw_haan.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Naked Neck: Blue Rooster<br />
Photo Source: Kippen Encylopedie</td></tr>
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</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;">After World War I and the redrawing of national boundaries, the Government of Hungary took it upon itself to standardize many of its animal breeds. A</span><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"> major breeding program in poultry was started at the Institute for Small Animal Research in Gödöllõ in the early 1930s. The breeding program had as its goals to make the Hungarian breeds uniform in colour and body shape, increase body weight as well as to improve egg-laying capabilities.
Success in creating dual-purpose birds in many of the Hungarian breeds including the Transylvanian Naked Neck, was attained by the late 1930’s. </span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-NMfQ0lcvl1c/TcNSJ-30dmI/AAAAAAAAAbw/tv_GSnwnce0/s1600/Naakthals_Rood_haan.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="300" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-NMfQ0lcvl1c/TcNSJ-30dmI/AAAAAAAAAbw/tv_GSnwnce0/s400/Naakthals_Rood_haan.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Naked Neck: Red Rooster<br />
Photo Source: Kippen Encylopedie</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-wOiMnx0RXEs/TcNSMQ3CDKI/AAAAAAAAAb0/KxmemD94eIA/s1600/Naakthals_Rood_hen.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="300" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-wOiMnx0RXEs/TcNSMQ3CDKI/AAAAAAAAAb0/KxmemD94eIA/s400/Naakthals_Rood_hen.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Naked Neck: Red Hen<br />
Photo Source: Kippen Encylopedie</td></tr>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana;">Unfortunately, during the Second World War the majority of these birds were killed. So once again, after the war, systematic breeding programs were established at Gödöllõ, and Mosonmagyaróvár. Through the efforts of various poultry researchers and breeders, the Transylvanian Naked Neck and other Hungarian indigenous chicken breeds were not only saved but by the 1950s their numbers were steadily increasing. (Biszkup and Beke, 1951; Báldy, 1954; Annual Report, Institute for Small Animal Research, 1954).</span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-kJUqbMiMMPg/TcNSjs_Q4dI/AAAAAAAAAb4/EmXaRnmWWZc/s1600/Naakthals_Buff_haan.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="300" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-kJUqbMiMMPg/TcNSjs_Q4dI/AAAAAAAAAb4/EmXaRnmWWZc/s400/Naakthals_Buff_haan.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Naked Neck: Buff Rooster<br />
Photo Source: Kippen Encylopedie</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-FKi-jc_636o/TcNSl9I14eI/AAAAAAAAAb8/jAszqK5-TT4/s1600/Naakthals_Buff_hen.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="300" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-FKi-jc_636o/TcNSl9I14eI/AAAAAAAAAb8/jAszqK5-TT4/s400/Naakthals_Buff_hen.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Naked Neck: Buff Hen<br />
Photo Source: Kippen Encylopedie</td></tr>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana;">The gene that causes the neck to be naked and a general reduction of the feather tracts had been isolated by Poultry Geneticist F.B. Hutt in about 1949. This gene was designated “Na” as it is a dominant gene; a single dose will cause the offspring to display the bare neck and reduction in feathers.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-il9EdzFbViI/TcNTAMRMakI/AAAAAAAAAcA/zgtAmOaufHw/s1600/Naakthals_Zilverpel_haan.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="300" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-il9EdzFbViI/TcNTAMRMakI/AAAAAAAAAcA/zgtAmOaufHw/s400/Naakthals_Zilverpel_haan.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Naked Neck: Silver Penciled Rooster<br />
Photo Source: Kippen Encylopedie</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-e6oRxUpIw1A/TcNTC0gW90I/AAAAAAAAAcE/H--y3vfTQUk/s1600/Naakthals_Zilverpel_hen.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="300" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-e6oRxUpIw1A/TcNTC0gW90I/AAAAAAAAAcE/H--y3vfTQUk/s400/Naakthals_Zilverpel_hen.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Naked Neck: Silver Penciled Hen<br />
Photo Source: Kippen Encylopedie</td></tr>
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</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;">Many poultry breeders have since made great use of the dominant nature of the Na gene to achieve quick improvements in type or color crossed to other dual-purpose chicken breeds. </span><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;">The Na gene has also </span><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;">been shown to improve breast size and reduce heat stress in those chickens carrying it. In tropical climates, lower body temperatures, better food conversion rates and increased weight gain are associated with the Na gene. As well, crosses have shown that the gene affects egg size and has therefore been used in Europe to increase egg size and amongst industrial flocks.</span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-KHNSxzs5gjU/TcNT35USrqI/AAAAAAAAAcI/pznQ4RfSvno/s1600/Naked_Necks.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="300" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-KHNSxzs5gjU/TcNT35USrqI/AAAAAAAAAcI/pznQ4RfSvno/s400/Naked_Necks.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Naked Neck - Buff Flock</td></tr>
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</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;">Scientific research into the Naked Neck is still ongoing. </span><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;">The following comes from an article in the March 31<sup>st</sup>, 2011 edition of The Economist titled, "Some Chicken, Some Neck":</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><blockquote>“The Transylvanian naked-neck chicken may, to mix bestial metaphors, sound like a poisson d’avril (as the French call an April fool), but it is a real breed, probably originating from the eponymous Romanian region. Nor are Transylvanian chickens the only naked-necked birds in the world. Various vultures have featherless necks, presumably to stop the blood and gore from their meals matting their plumage. And ostriches and emus, too, are bare-necked—in their case to radiate away the heat generated when they run.</blockquote><blockquote>All this avian nakedness has caught the attention of researchers, who wonder what mechanism underlies it. Denis Headon of the Roslin Institute, in Edinburgh, and his colleagues, now think they know. The result, described recently in the Public Library of Science, shows how fiendishly complicated genetics and evolution actually are.</blockquote><blockquote>The naked-necked chicken’s distinctive feature is caused, not surprisingly, by a mutation in its DNA. This mutation is not actually in a gene, though. Instead, it is in part of the DNA which is not translated into protein and which geneticists once, in their ignorance, referred to as junk DNA. But little in biology is junk. Natural selection sees to that. So, although the mutation does not change the composition of any protein, it does change the activity of a nearby gene that encodes a protein called BMP12. Specifically, it causes more BMP12 than normal to be produced. BMP12 is one of a group of proteins that control the density of hair in mammals and feathers in birds. In the case of BMP12, it slows down the growth of such features.</blockquote><blockquote></blockquote><blockquote>Indeed, Dr Headon was able to make cultured skin samples from ordinary chickens featherless by dosing them with BMP12. The extra retinoic acid did the trick nicely. And, though this has yet to be tested, it might help explain those other featherless species. That they developed naked necks is surely the result of natural selection. That they were able to develop naked necks may, though, be because the extra retinoic acid in the neck made the evolutionary transition much easier.An inherited mutation of this sort will, however, be present in all cells, so the question is: why does it express itself only in the chicken’s neck? To investigate that, Dr Headon turned to a second chemical, retinoic acid. This substance, a derivative of vitamin A, is a well-known regulator of the differentiation of tissues in developing embryos. But it can still spring surprises. Dr Headon discovered that retinoic acid enhances the effect of BMP12 so that it does not merely slow the growth of feathers, but stops such growth altogether. And, for reasons as yet undiscovered, the embryonic neck-skin of birds produces more retinoic acid than the embryonic skin from any other part of their bodies.” – (The Economist, March 32, 2011)</blockquote><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-4vYcAf0vTqU/TcP-rU9lAbI/AAAAAAAAAc4/WwyQkTtDbf0/s1600/P9173414.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="346" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-4vYcAf0vTqU/TcP-rU9lAbI/AAAAAAAAAc4/WwyQkTtDbf0/s400/P9173414.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Naked Neck - Cuckoo<br />
Photo source: Unknown</td></tr>
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</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;">The obvious chief visual characteristic of the Naked Neck is an absence of feathers around the neck and the vent. </span><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;">The bare skin on the neck continues to the crop while on the top of the head there is a small cap of feathers. </span><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;">Overall it is said that Naked Necks have between 20% and 60% fewer feathers than breeds of a similar size thus making them much easier to dress. They are similar to many dual-purpose chicken breeds in general shape, especially Sussex or Plymouth Rocks, but without having the long backs associated with these two breeds. Naked Necks are generally wide shouldered with the wings being carried fairly high. The comb is single and of medium size with five well-defined points. It is a rich red colour as is its wattles and earlobes. Eye colour is a reddish-brown with beak, shanks and toes being yellow in the lighter colour varieties and shanks being a </span><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;">slate blue in the darker colour varieties.</span><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-bhP9IgpxJkU/TcV4pnomWkI/AAAAAAAAAdg/OFXThAUaT1c/s1600/IMG_1842.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-bhP9IgpxJkU/TcV4pnomWkI/AAAAAAAAAdg/OFXThAUaT1c/s320/IMG_1842.JPG" width="320" /></a></div><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-wZ9j5eslWCU/TcV4w2ZmryI/AAAAAAAAAdk/824ftm3LHZ0/s1600/2285205--Obrazek--1-900x600p0.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="213" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-wZ9j5eslWCU/TcV4w2ZmryI/AAAAAAAAAdk/824ftm3LHZ0/s320/2285205--Obrazek--1-900x600p0.jpeg" width="320" /></a></div><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-6YNXyn0wUpo/TcV41W5fLtI/AAAAAAAAAdo/r4dLSPLr57g/s1600/alkupiac.hu.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-6YNXyn0wUpo/TcV41W5fLtI/AAAAAAAAAdo/r4dLSPLr57g/s320/alkupiac.hu.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"><br />
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</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;">Naked Neck hens are good layers of medium to large, light brown eggs. They have a reputation of laying even throughout the coldest winter months. Not really known for their broodiness, those hens that do go broody are said to make excellent mothers. Baby chicks are born with naked necks and are thus easy to recognize in mixed batches.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;">As a breed, they are considered docile and very friendly</span><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"> and one of the easiest chickens to tame.</span><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;">They are well suited to hot weather and are surprisingly cold hardy. Naked Necks have a reputation for actively foraging and are thus suited to free range as well as backyard environments. If kept outside under good sun exposure, the skin colour turns a bright red. In confinement, the skin colour is usually a yellowy-orange to light pink. <o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-3ikFPNrdX3s/TcSHm5o7WuI/AAAAAAAAAdQ/3Vj6Bub6-e0/s1600/p1010097.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="300" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-3ikFPNrdX3s/TcSHm5o7WuI/AAAAAAAAAdQ/3Vj6Bub6-e0/s400/p1010097.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Naked Necks - Black Trio<br />
Photo Source: Unknown</td></tr>
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</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Times; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 24px;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Times; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 24px;"><b>Cou-nu and Cou-nu du Forez</b></span></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Times; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 24px;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Times; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 24px;">The French have two recognized Naked Neck breeds - The Cou-nu du Forez and the Cou-nu. The Cu-nu du Forez is an old breed</span><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 24px;"> created from crossing a local farm breed dating back to the 1700’s with a Gatinaise-type fowl. It is named Cou-nu dud Forez after the region where it was developed, the "Forez" or Loire Region.
The major visual difference between these two Naked Neck breeds is that the Cou-nu has a totally naked neck and the Cou-nu du Forez has a patch of feathers on the front of the neck and whereas the Naked Neck (Cou-nu) comes in several colour varieties, the Cou-nu du Forez is only recognized in the White variety by the French Standards.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Times; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 24px;"><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-0OJBBkKzPAE/TcLSl_d6l4I/AAAAAAAAAZ8/wVh1HnXzeAs/s1600/Cou+Nu+du+Forez+from+Newspaper+LADEPECHE.FR.Ge%25CC%2581rard+Boyer+est+l%2527un+des+premiers+a%25CC%2580+introduire+la+race+Cou+nu+du+Forez+.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="400" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-0OJBBkKzPAE/TcLSl_d6l4I/AAAAAAAAAZ8/wVh1HnXzeAs/s400/Cou+Nu+du+Forez+from+Newspaper+LADEPECHE.FR.Ge%25CC%2581rard+Boyer+est+l%2527un+des+premiers+a%25CC%2580+introduire+la+race+Cou+nu+du+Forez+.jpg" style="cursor: move;" width="382" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="font-size: 13px; padding-top: 4px; text-align: center;">Gerard Boyer and a Cou-nu du Forez Cock<br />
Photo Source: LADEPECHE.fr</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-ieSLLef_eVs/TcLSrDm9zLI/AAAAAAAAAaA/rAKd2BP0_9w/s1600/Cou-nu-Forez.2.PN.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="398" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-ieSLLef_eVs/TcLSrDm9zLI/AAAAAAAAAaA/rAKd2BP0_9w/s400/Cou-nu-Forez.2.PN.gif" style="cursor: move;" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="font-size: 13px; padding-top: 4px; text-align: center;">Cou-nu du Forez - Hen<br />
Photo Source: Unknown</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-PLbdmcHeZXU/TcLSvnD_eaI/AAAAAAAAAaE/74kGtANifOA/s1600/Cou-nu-Forez.PN.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="382" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-PLbdmcHeZXU/TcLSvnD_eaI/AAAAAAAAAaE/74kGtANifOA/s400/Cou-nu-Forez.PN.gif" style="cursor: move;" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="font-size: 13px; padding-top: 4px; text-align: center;">Cou-nu du Forez - Hen<br />
Photo Source: Unknown</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-QxEW-uB_KBY/TcNQJmJKFAI/AAAAAAAAAbY/eyzhsBdkneI/s1600/cn3.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="238" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-QxEW-uB_KBY/TcNQJmJKFAI/AAAAAAAAAbY/eyzhsBdkneI/s400/cn3.jpg" style="cursor: move;" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="font-size: 13px; padding-top: 4px; text-align: center;">Cou-nu du Foret Flock<br />
Photo Surce: Unknown</td></tr>
</tbody></table></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Times; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Times; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 24px;">In France, the Naked Neck is mainly bred as a meat bird even though the hen is an early, robust, good layer. It is known for its excellent tasting flesh, probably due to the fact that it is mainly free-range </span><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 24px;">produced.</span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-HrqkdvsCkXE/TcLVWui8rvI/AAAAAAAAAaI/8zPZqQFTHWs/s1600/5.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="240" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-HrqkdvsCkXE/TcLVWui8rvI/AAAAAAAAAaI/8zPZqQFTHWs/s320/5.jpg" style="cursor: move;" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="font-size: 13px; padding-top: 4px; text-align: center;">Chicks at One Week Old</td></tr>
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</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-family: Times; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-xqnQTLGAe38/TcLVZCSlqeI/AAAAAAAAAaM/YWp2mJgUL5E/s1600/6.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-xqnQTLGAe38/TcLVZCSlqeI/AAAAAAAAAaM/YWp2mJgUL5E/s320/6.jpg" style="cursor: move;" width="240" /></a></div><div style="font-family: Times; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-pf0LM7Jl2uM/TcLVb00dinI/AAAAAAAAAaQ/tBUznpZzPQY/s1600/7+Wk+Old.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="300" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-pf0LM7Jl2uM/TcLVb00dinI/AAAAAAAAAaQ/tBUznpZzPQY/s400/7+Wk+Old.jpg" style="cursor: move;" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="font-size: 13px; padding-top: 4px; text-align: center;">Chicks at Seven Weeks</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-1p3D4f4m-_E/TcLVeK6snRI/AAAAAAAAAaU/xC5nSX0aH84/s1600/11+wks.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="400" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-1p3D4f4m-_E/TcLVeK6snRI/AAAAAAAAAaU/xC5nSX0aH84/s400/11+wks.jpg" style="cursor: move;" width="300" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="font-size: 13px; padding-top: 4px; text-align: center;">Chicks at 11 Weeks</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-oQr96b_Bwt0/TcLVhN-066I/AAAAAAAAAaY/cEtR8oy7JQM/s1600/13.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="300" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-oQr96b_Bwt0/TcLVhN-066I/AAAAAAAAAaY/cEtR8oy7JQM/s400/13.jpg" style="cursor: move;" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="font-size: 13px; padding-top: 4px; text-align: center;">Commercial Naked Necks at 13 Weeks</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-mQ1WkRuctCk/TcLVjB-3s3I/AAAAAAAAAac/Cda7jcTvfKs/s1600/15+wks.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="400" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-mQ1WkRuctCk/TcLVjB-3s3I/AAAAAAAAAac/Cda7jcTvfKs/s400/15+wks.jpg" style="cursor: move;" width="275" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="font-size: 13px; padding-top: 4px; text-align: center;">Free-ranging at 15 Weeks</td></tr>
</tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Times; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 24px;"><br />
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;">The French Standard is fairly recent considering their past. One major difference between the French Cou Nu du Forez and the American and British Naked Neck is that the French Standards for the Cou Nu du Forez demands a neck that is completely bare with the exception of a tuft of feathers in the middle, set apart from the rest. It is recognized only in the White colour variety. Cocks are to weigh up to 3.5 kg while Hens weigh between 2.3 and 2.8 kg.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
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</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"><b>Standards</b></span></div><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"><br />
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<span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;">The Dutch Poultry Standards recognizes Black, Black Mottled, Blue, Cuckoo, and White colour varieties of Naked Necks (Naakthals). Buff, Red, and Silver Penciled are not yet officially recognized but are popular colours.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;">According to the Dutch Standards:</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;">weights of Cocks 2.00 – 2.5 kg and Hens 1.75 – 2.0 kg. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;">The French standard recognizes Cou Nu (Naked Necks) in </span><span style="font-family: Verdana;">Black, White, Cuckoo, Red, Buff, “Andalusian: Blue, Golden-Salmon, Mille-Fleur (Tricolor or Jubilee), and Black Mottled.</span><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;">Recognized colour varieties in the British Poultry Standard are Black, White, Cuckoo, Buff, Red, and Blue.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;"><br />
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<span style="font-family: Verdana;">Weights approved by the British Poultry Standards are:<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;">Cocks 3.20-3.60 kg (7-8 lb)<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;">Hens 2.50-2kg (5 1/2 - 6 1/2 lb)</span><span style="font-family: Verdana;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;">The American Poultry Association recognized Naked Necks in 1965 in four colour varieties: Red, White, Buff, and Black. </span><span style="font-family: Verdana;">They are shown in the All Other Standard Breeds Class.</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;">Weights approved by the A.P.A. for Standard Naked Necks are</span><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;">:</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;">Cock: 8.5 lbs Cockerel: 7.5 lbs</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;">Hen: 6.5 lbs Pullet: 5.5 lbs</span><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"><b>Other Colours</b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"><br />
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<span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;">Some of the other colours which are being worked on for acceptance into the Standards include a true Salmon (like the Salmon Faverolle), Mottled Blue, Chocolate, Dun and Golden Cuckoo, amongst others. </span><br />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Etaqrgas658/TcP8U9jaj0I/AAAAAAAAAco/Qq0zzbmHY78/s1600/3JPG.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="312" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Etaqrgas658/TcP8U9jaj0I/AAAAAAAAAco/Qq0zzbmHY78/s320/3JPG.JPG" width="320" /></a></div><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-ffy3jJ7Sx64/TcP8fQGvePI/AAAAAAAAAcs/RV0a51QI7w8/s1600/DSCF0012.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="300" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-ffy3jJ7Sx64/TcP8fQGvePI/AAAAAAAAAcs/RV0a51QI7w8/s400/DSCF0012.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Rose Comb Naked Neck<br />
Photo Source:</td></tr>
</tbody></table><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-HD26RvxZofo/TcP8lxpJqTI/AAAAAAAAAcw/FV-1gvuOD_4/s1600/DSCF0018-2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="297" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-HD26RvxZofo/TcP8lxpJqTI/AAAAAAAAAcw/FV-1gvuOD_4/s320/DSCF0018-2.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"><br />
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<span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;">The new fad, if I may call it that without people shooting darts at me, are the "Show Girls" - basically a Silkie looking like a Cou-nu du Foret.</span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/--KWsDA2gXcs/TcP7-I-ku6I/AAAAAAAAAck/muIt-JDU310/s1600/turken_silkie_bantams_show_girls_25_franklin_cty_8706561.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="300" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/--KWsDA2gXcs/TcP7-I-ku6I/AAAAAAAAAck/muIt-JDU310/s400/turken_silkie_bantams_show_girls_25_franklin_cty_8706561.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">"Show Girl" Pair<br />
Photo Source: Unknown</td></tr>
</tbody></table><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br />
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<span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">On a site similar to E-Bay called </span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 16px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">2dehands.be, I came across the follwing pictures illustrating the Golden Cuckoo:</span></span><br />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-W2Oov2Jdb-U/TcP4HzNOjfI/AAAAAAAAAcM/LoYO8V1T_sM/s1600/88947868_2-bruin-gestreepte-naakthals-haan.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-W2Oov2Jdb-U/TcP4HzNOjfI/AAAAAAAAAcM/LoYO8V1T_sM/s400/88947868_2-bruin-gestreepte-naakthals-haan.jpg" width="275" /></a></div><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-6FIIeTt8DpM/TcP4LuBRplI/AAAAAAAAAcQ/4r4SmRVDLyk/s1600/88947868_6-bruin-gestreepte-naakthals-haan.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-6FIIeTt8DpM/TcP4LuBRplI/AAAAAAAAAcQ/4r4SmRVDLyk/s400/88947868_6-bruin-gestreepte-naakthals-haan.jpg" width="266" /></a></div><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-GAVf3pjxRt4/TcP4QWpuauI/AAAAAAAAAcU/LA4JG3nvrEg/s1600/88948525_6-broedei-brahmakriel-en-zijdehoen.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="213" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-GAVf3pjxRt4/TcP4QWpuauI/AAAAAAAAAcU/LA4JG3nvrEg/s320/88948525_6-broedei-brahmakriel-en-zijdehoen.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-PPnE_YF-8SQ/TcP4WqHMgbI/AAAAAAAAAcY/TIBFiri2hzc/s1600/90416844_2-broedeieren-naakthals-en-vleeskip.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="266" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-PPnE_YF-8SQ/TcP4WqHMgbI/AAAAAAAAAcY/TIBFiri2hzc/s400/90416844_2-broedeieren-naakthals-en-vleeskip.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-jT0umXFVWFo/TcP4aBjnXbI/AAAAAAAAAcc/2_XOWls4ifM/s1600/90416844-broedeieren-naakthals-en-vleeskip.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="266" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-jT0umXFVWFo/TcP4aBjnXbI/AAAAAAAAAcc/2_XOWls4ifM/s400/90416844-broedeieren-naakthals-en-vleeskip.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 16px;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"><br />
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</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"><b>Bantam Naked Necks</b><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;">The first Bantam Naked Necks were a creation Herr Karl Huth of Frankfurt, Germany. Very little is known about the history of their creation but it had to have occurred in the early to mid-1800’s as documentation shows that Bantam Naked Necks were found in the poultry market of Frankfurt in 1961. However, between 1861 and 1898 there is little if any documentation to show the evolution of these small birds. In 1898, Karl Huth exhibited his Bantam Naked Necks at the German National Poultry show held in Frankfurt. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-81tduXvjxLA/TcSEdAaAwoI/AAAAAAAAAdE/1nRz80MH3ts/s1600/bzantam+club.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="335" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-81tduXvjxLA/TcSEdAaAwoI/AAAAAAAAAdE/1nRz80MH3ts/s400/bzantam+club.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Naked Neck - Bantam Chick<br />
Photo Source: Bantam Club</td></tr>
</tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;">Mr. Karl Huth and Mr. Otto Marhold from Berlin were instrumental in the promotion and breeding of Bantam Naked Necks. Mr. Marhold, who would later become Chairman of the biggest Naked Neck association (the </span><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;">Sonderverein der Züchter, der Nackthalshühner, Zwerg- Nackthalshühner und Rumänischen Nackthalstümmler 1905) </span><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;">spent over 10 years breeding Naked Neck Bantams in Black, White and Partridge varieties. The creation of more colour varieties and the formation of breed clubs and associations for Naked Necks </span><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;">helped promote the bantams and they thus became quite popular throughout Germany. Unfortunately, World War I put an end to this popularity as many breeders and birds were lost. Due to being unable to secure proper feed for his stock and then the necessity to eat the birds, Mr. </span><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;">Marhold himself lost all of his stock; years of work were destroyed. Basically, he had to start from scratch but he did manage to secure a few birds which became the foundation of the next generation of Bantam Naked Necks. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-ecPx9CshOUA/TcSIUmPIb2I/AAAAAAAAAdU/5YRCZzYXpS4/s1600/TransylvanianNakedNeckBantam.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="356" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-ecPx9CshOUA/TcSIUmPIb2I/AAAAAAAAAdU/5YRCZzYXpS4/s400/TransylvanianNakedNeckBantam.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Naked Neck - Black Bantam Rooster<br />
Photo Source:</td></tr>
</tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana;">Between 1917 and 1918, Mr. Marhold was able to create and exhibit numerous Bantam Naked Necks in various coulours. Most unfortunate for the poultry fancy was his premature death in 1922. According to German author and famous Naked Neck breeder Bernhard Noack in his book "The Naked Neck Chicken" (no longer available), Mr. Marhold wrote a detailed account of his extensive experiments and breeding secrets. These were subsequently published in the 1918 Yearbook of the Bantam Breeders Association. It was almost as if he had a premonition of what was to come. It is said that Marhold arranged to have all of his Bantam Naked Necks slaughtered in the event of his death, instead of passing these birds on. So, with his death and the slaughter of the birds, the Bantam Naked Neck once again disappeared.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;">However, it is still all nude neck breeders understand that Marhold is said to have arranged his lifetime, to slaughter in the event of his death, all naked neck Dwarfs completely. And again it was done for the dwarf naked neck chickens.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;">During this time and independently of Marhold and of each other, three breeders of Standard Naked Necks were trying to create Bantams. There is reference to the Kaiser (August Kaiser aus Hamburg) of the breeding of Bantam Naked Necks and the showing of these birds in Hamburg shows where apparently he did quite well. Upon his death, his breeding flock was slaughtered. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;">The second of these breeders, Richard Mueller of </span><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;">Meuselwitz in Thüringen successfully created black Bantam Naked Necks by mating Standard Naked Necks to various black bantams. </span><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"> At the same time, Michael Drexler from Munich, also dealt with the challenges of creating Bantam Naked Neck chickens. According to various documents, he took Standards and crossed with German bantams of various colours. These blood lines brought the desired results, proven by the show results of a poultry exhibition in Munich. However, by the early 1920’s all evidence of Bantam Naked Necks had disappeared, along with those who were responsible for their creation.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;">In 1932, Bernhard Noack from Zossen near Berlin, once again started on the task of creating Bantam Naked Necks, and by 1937 was rewarded for his work with bantams that bread true to size andcokour variety. Mr. Noack was unquestionably one of the greatest promoters of Naked Necks in Europe, and he gave many breeding workshops throughout Germany and abroad. Bantam Naked Necks again enjoyed a rise in popularity, but as luck would have it, once again it was short lived.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;">It was at this time that the political climate in Germany had radically changed. The Nazis, who had come to power and proclaimed their Third Reich, were “racial cleansing”; not only persons but also animals associated with “inferior races”. In 1938, it was declared that Naked Necks were not Germanic enough and were refused exhibition status at poultry shows, and then it was even declared that they should be kept. Mr. Noack, in many submissions and complaints constantly fought for the readmission of the Naked Necks. The second World War began before Noack was officially informed that the labeling disqualification of the Naked Necks from the list of “eligible” breeds was a mistake. The war did what the Nazis could not do and the Bantam Naked Necks once again disappeared.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-BB8q4kghq80/TcV8c5cynQI/AAAAAAAAAeo/LvSISaERVdo/s1600/DSC00116.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-BB8q4kghq80/TcV8c5cynQI/AAAAAAAAAeo/LvSISaERVdo/s320/DSC00116.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-Zw6YtVDUh2Q/TcV8epWRaqI/AAAAAAAAAes/ZAqUHLJpisc/s1600/DSC02228.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-Zw6YtVDUh2Q/TcV8epWRaqI/AAAAAAAAAes/ZAqUHLJpisc/s320/DSC02228.jpg" width="267" /></a></div><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-64cxlu1IlYU/TcV8hBxexjI/AAAAAAAAAew/2ZP0BicK90U/s1600/dsc03908ax9.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-64cxlu1IlYU/TcV8hBxexjI/AAAAAAAAAew/2ZP0BicK90U/s320/dsc03908ax9.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-HQyDPgo-GLI/TcV8k5SbVJI/AAAAAAAAAe0/FtOTNs0GF9c/s1600/DSCF8357.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-HQyDPgo-GLI/TcV8k5SbVJI/AAAAAAAAAe0/FtOTNs0GF9c/s320/DSCF8357.JPG" width="320" /></a></div><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;">Throughout the late 1940’s and early 1950’s various breeders experimented with the creation of the Bantam Naked Neck. It was said to have been recreated by the late 1950’s.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;">Currently, Germany is said to have the largest base of breeders and fanciers of Naked Necks both in the Standard and the Bantam forms. </span><br />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-S_eooxDjEao/TcV88XF2tHI/AAAAAAAAAe8/sJG6fr736sE/s1600/collonudo2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="252" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-S_eooxDjEao/TcV88XF2tHI/AAAAAAAAAe8/sJG6fr736sE/s320/collonudo2.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-MDCeOqpsGM4/TcV8---YW-I/AAAAAAAAAfA/EXE1dt5mi6U/s1600/Copyofp1183928.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="294" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-MDCeOqpsGM4/TcV8---YW-I/AAAAAAAAAfA/EXE1dt5mi6U/s320/Copyofp1183928.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-fLPjvLK8oIs/TcV9F8t3cqI/AAAAAAAAAfE/zJ1sEIiz1Pc/s1600/IMG_1330.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-fLPjvLK8oIs/TcV9F8t3cqI/AAAAAAAAAfE/zJ1sEIiz1Pc/s320/IMG_1330.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"><br />
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<span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;">The German Poultry Association recognizes Bantam Naked Necks in both Single Comb and Rose Co</span><span style="line-height: 150%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">mb in the following colour varieties:<o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-pagination: none; mso-text-indent-alt: -36.0pt; tab-stops: 11.0pt 36.0pt; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -36.0pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 11.0pt 36.0pt; text-autospace: none;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Einfachkamm (Single Comb)<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 47.0pt 72.0pt; text-autospace: none;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Schwarz - black<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 47.0pt 72.0pt; text-autospace: none;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Weiß - White<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 47.0pt 72.0pt; text-autospace: none;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Blau-gesäumt – Blue (laced)<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 47.0pt 72.0pt; text-autospace: none;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Rot - Red<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 47.0pt 72.0pt; text-autospace: none;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Gelb - Buff<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 47.0pt 72.0pt; text-autospace: none;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Gesperbert - Cuckoo<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 47.0pt 72.0pt; text-autospace: none;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Wildbraun – “Wild” Brown<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 47.0pt 72.0pt; text-autospace: none;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Silber-schwarzgeflockt – Silver Penciled<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 47.0pt 72.0pt; text-autospace: none;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Braun-porzellanfarbig – Millefleur or Jubilee colour pattern<o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-4Yw6KjmIwmU/TcV5dElBEvI/AAAAAAAAAds/doZ7nDharLo/s1600/Copyofp1183928.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="294" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-4Yw6KjmIwmU/TcV5dElBEvI/AAAAAAAAAds/doZ7nDharLo/s320/Copyofp1183928.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-2EUXBU-g42A/TcV5tW66scI/AAAAAAAAAdw/wSNAoRB1Ux0/s1600/IMG_1732.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-2EUXBU-g42A/TcV5tW66scI/AAAAAAAAAdw/wSNAoRB1Ux0/s320/IMG_1732.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 47.0pt 72.0pt; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 47.0pt 72.0pt; text-autospace: none;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Rosenkamm (Rose Comb) <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 47.0pt 72.0pt; text-autospace: none;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Schwarz - black<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 47.0pt 72.0pt; text-autospace: none;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Weiß - White<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 47.0pt 72.0pt; text-autospace: none;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Blau-gesäumt – Blue (laced)<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 47.0pt 72.0pt; text-autospace: none;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Rot - Red<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 47.0pt 72.0pt; text-autospace: none;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Gelb - Buff<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 47.0pt 72.0pt; text-autospace: none;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Gesperbert - Cuckoo<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 47.0pt 72.0pt; text-autospace: none;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Wildbraun – “Wild” Brown<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 47.0pt 72.0pt; text-autospace: none;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Silber-schwarzgeflockt – Silver Penciled<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 11.0pt 36.0pt; text-autospace: none;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Braun-porzellanfarbig – Millefleur or Jubilee colour pattern<o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-AyXaqmiYrKA/TcV6KV5--HI/AAAAAAAAAd0/Kni5GEm_G2U/s1600/Red+Rosecomb+Cock.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="232" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-AyXaqmiYrKA/TcV6KV5--HI/AAAAAAAAAd0/Kni5GEm_G2U/s320/Red+Rosecomb+Cock.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 11.0pt 36.0pt; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 11.0pt 36.0pt; text-autospace: none;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">(The above information comes from the website of the </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Sonderverein der Züchter, der Nackthalshühner, Zwerg- Nackthalshühner und Rumänischen Nackthalstümmler 1905)</span><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 13pt;"><o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-0HQzpFuBTPQ/TcV6bEdzYpI/AAAAAAAAAd4/D4PwPSPMJGA/s1600/4c5eda351a51e.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="270" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-0HQzpFuBTPQ/TcV6bEdzYpI/AAAAAAAAAd4/D4PwPSPMJGA/s320/4c5eda351a51e.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-Ub7hwuB11NQ/TcV6iEbzZ0I/AAAAAAAAAeA/F0fscUiGxOU/s1600/0641-1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="239" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-Ub7hwuB11NQ/TcV6iEbzZ0I/AAAAAAAAAeA/F0fscUiGxOU/s320/0641-1.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-5TvWGyAVbXI/TcV6lgmVkFI/AAAAAAAAAeE/sLlGw-zzdL8/s1600/1501.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-5TvWGyAVbXI/TcV6lgmVkFI/AAAAAAAAAeE/sLlGw-zzdL8/s320/1501.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 11.0pt 36.0pt; text-autospace: none;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 11.0pt 36.0pt; text-autospace: none;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 24px;"><br />
</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 11.0pt 36.0pt; text-autospace: none;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 24px;">The Dutch Poultry standards recognizes Black, Cuckoo, and White colour varieties of Bantam Naked Necks.</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 11.0pt 36.0pt; text-autospace: none;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 24px;"><br />
</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 11.0pt 36.0pt; text-autospace: none;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 24px;">Bantam weights are Cocks 750 – 800g and Hens 650 – 700g.</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 11.0pt 36.0pt; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-WrM5_SNOFEI/TcV61Ap8T3I/AAAAAAAAAeI/6r_2j7r-XKo/s1600/Black+Bantam+Cock+from+Katki.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="213" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-WrM5_SNOFEI/TcV61Ap8T3I/AAAAAAAAAeI/6r_2j7r-XKo/s320/Black+Bantam+Cock+from+Katki.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-eaLEuh7ePk4/TcV64QJJYFI/AAAAAAAAAeM/xsaWrASDg2A/s1600/chovprochazka.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="267" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-eaLEuh7ePk4/TcV64QJJYFI/AAAAAAAAAeM/xsaWrASDg2A/s320/chovprochazka.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br />
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<br />
</div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana;">The American Bantam Association recognizes Black, Blue, Buff, Cuckoo, Red and White colour varieties.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;">Weights approved for Bantam Naked Necks are:</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;">Cock: 850g (30 ounces) Cockerel: 765g (27 ounces)</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;">Hen: 765g (27 ounces) Pullet: 680g (24 ounces)</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;"><br />
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<div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;"><b>For Both Standards and Bantams</b></span></div><span style="font-family: Verdana;"><br />
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<span style="font-family: Verdana;"><b>Plumage Colouring:</b><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;">Black</span><span style="font-family: Verdana;"> </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana;">Male and Female: A dense black with a rich green shine<o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-2IGPP7RhCoc/TcSJvpn335I/AAAAAAAAAdY/Pc-Nzd77iws/s1600/Naakthals_Zwart_haan.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="300" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-2IGPP7RhCoc/TcSJvpn335I/AAAAAAAAAdY/Pc-Nzd77iws/s400/Naakthals_Zwart_haan.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">Naked Neck: Black Rooster</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">Photo Source: Kippen Encylopedie</div></td></tr>
</tbody></table><br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-OKVTilMs6AM/TcSJxaE36kI/AAAAAAAAAdc/qjW6TtU1MfI/s1600/Naakthals_Zwart_hen.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="300" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-OKVTilMs6AM/TcSJxaE36kI/AAAAAAAAAdc/qjW6TtU1MfI/s400/Naakthals_Zwart_hen.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">Naked Neck: Black Hen</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">Photo Source: Kippen Encylopedie</div></td></tr>
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</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;">White </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana;"></span><span style="font-family: Verdana;">Male and Female: A snow white throughout [too much sun or too much corn (a.k.a. Maize) in feed can turn the snowy white a yellowy-cream]<o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-aIcoNJaB1yI/TcSDWBJxfKI/AAAAAAAAAc8/pZkICnc7s_c/s1600/Naakthals_Wit_haan.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="300" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-aIcoNJaB1yI/TcSDWBJxfKI/AAAAAAAAAc8/pZkICnc7s_c/s400/Naakthals_Wit_haan.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">Naked Neck: White Rooster</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">Photo Source: Kippen Encylopedie</div></td></tr>
</tbody></table><br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-L7K56c8lUKU/TcSDZEGq2lI/AAAAAAAAAdA/jcbNktOdzy4/s1600/Naakthals_Wit_hen.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="300" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-L7K56c8lUKU/TcSDZEGq2lI/AAAAAAAAAdA/jcbNktOdzy4/s400/Naakthals_Wit_hen.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">Naked Neck: White Hen</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">Photo Source: Kippen Encylopedie</div></td></tr>
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</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;">Buff</span><span style="font-family: Verdana;"> </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana;">Male and Female: Colour as in Buff Plymouth Rocks; a clear, even golden buff throughout to the skin, the tail clear buff with the male having a more brilliant shine or lustre then the female<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;">Red</span><span style="font-family: Verdana;"> </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana;">Male and Female: Dark red colour; similar to that found in show quality Rhode Island Reds<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;">Blue</span><span style="font-family: Verdana;"> </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana;">Male and Female: A soft medium blue, free from lacing, the male being darker in the hackles, wing and back<o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-3JX-kidV6PA/TcV7Is49jFI/AAAAAAAAAeQ/gAMq9ZchqAw/s1600/zdrobnele-holokrcky-modre+from+chovprochazka.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="232" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-3JX-kidV6PA/TcV7Is49jFI/AAAAAAAAAeQ/gAMq9ZchqAw/s320/zdrobnele-holokrcky-modre+from+chovprochazka.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-z3VxJlggWsw/TcV7UF1a7AI/AAAAAAAAAeU/h_kg2nO9yVg/s1600/IMAG0007.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-z3VxJlggWsw/TcV7UF1a7AI/AAAAAAAAAeU/h_kg2nO9yVg/s1600/IMAG0007.JPG" /></a></div><span style="font-family: Verdana;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;">Cuckoo </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana;">Male and Female</span><span style="font-family: Verdana;">: </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana;">The colour is best described as dark blue-grey bands crossing the feather against a bluish-grey ground colour; the males hackles free from any golden or red tinge and tail tail free from pure black or white feathers<o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-ATxxQp8waZU/TcV7nS25O1I/AAAAAAAAAeY/G3wUSlKQE28/s1600/4d7e72187c480.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-ATxxQp8waZU/TcV7nS25O1I/AAAAAAAAAeY/G3wUSlKQE28/s320/4d7e72187c480.jpg" width="228" /></a></div><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-LQylCKLJKj0/TcV7rGKsnJI/AAAAAAAAAec/BmgOJWrre5I/s1600/chovprochazka.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="267" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-LQylCKLJKj0/TcV7rGKsnJI/AAAAAAAAAec/BmgOJWrre5I/s320/chovprochazka.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-10l8AL9C5VU/TcV7xn6czeI/AAAAAAAAAeg/0OSOoYvEIZc/s1600/Cuckoo+Cock.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-10l8AL9C5VU/TcV7xn6czeI/AAAAAAAAAeg/0OSOoYvEIZc/s320/Cuckoo+Cock.jpg" width="240" /></a></div><br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-ltb59gUtGRo/TcV71jJuU-I/AAAAAAAAAek/11I4dGyCXao/s1600/Cuckoo+Cock+from+jofogas.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="298" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-ltb59gUtGRo/TcV71jJuU-I/AAAAAAAAAek/11I4dGyCXao/s400/Cuckoo+Cock+from+jofogas.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Naked Neck - Cuckoo Cock<br />
Photo Source: Jo Fargas</td></tr>
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</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"><b>Serious Defects:</b><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;">-<span style="font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal 'Times New Roman';"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Verdana;">any noticeable feather, fluff or stubs on the neck<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;">-<span style="font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal 'Times New Roman';"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Verdana;">an absence of cap feathers on the head</span><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;">-<span style="font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal 'Times New Roman';"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Verdana;">feathered legs</span><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;">-<span style="font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal 'Times New Roman';"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Verdana;">having more or less than four toes; crooked toes</span><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;">-<span style="font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal 'Times New Roman';"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Verdana;">any other deformity</span><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;">A Good article on Naked Necks can be found at Aviculture Europe:<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;">http://www.aviculture-europe.nl/nummers/08E04A04.pdf<o:p></o:p></span><br />
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</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-eg8uqs7rndI/TcSF91NqCPI/AAAAAAAAAdM/-rjG6PtmQLA/s1600/2291792676_c086cf90db.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="300" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-eg8uqs7rndI/TcSF91NqCPI/AAAAAAAAAdM/-rjG6PtmQLA/s400/2291792676_c086cf90db.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;"><b>The Naked Neck in the American Commercial Poultry Industry</b><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;">The popularity and use of the Naked Neck and has lately caught on amongst North American producers. Industrial crosses are known</span><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"> under such names as Redbro Cou Nu, Gris Barre Cou Nu, S 77 N, and S 88. (A.L.B.C.)<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;">From the Ashley Farms Website:<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><blockquote>For many years in all parts of Europe, farmers have been growing heritage breeds in their natural and organic programs. These birds are old, slow growing breeds that have a proven track record for livability, flavor, and meat texture. Most of these older breeds have colored feathers, and on average, require a minimum of 70-84 days of growing time before they are processed. At this age these birds are healthy and can still stand and run well.</blockquote><blockquote></blockquote><blockquote>It not only takes more time to grow these birds, but more feed to produce each pound of chicken weight. The results are enhanced flavor and meat texture, and a rugged, hardy nature that does not require drugs, antibiotics, or other medications to remain healthy. In fact, their immune systems allow them to live well, even when spending time outside. Another difference is body conformation. Generally these birds have elongated breasts, longer legs, thinner skin, and less fat than commercial breeds.</blockquote><blockquote></blockquote><blockquote>The French Label Rouge Program</blockquote><blockquote>Of all the specialty programs, the French Label Rouge program is regarded by most as producing the best poultry and meat products in the world. Although these products cost over twice as much as commercial products (which the French refer to as "industrial" products), Label Rouge chicken accounts for 30% of the poultry sales in France.</blockquote><blockquote></blockquote><blockquote>The Label Rouge requirements are much more stringent than any program in America, including "All-Natural", "Free Range", "Certified Organic", "Certified Free Farmed" and "Certified Humanely Raised".</blockquote><blockquote>Label Rouge began in France in the sixties as a grassroots movement led by farmers in the Landes region in Southwestern France. After World War II, as poultry became more industrialized, demand grew in France for the taste of traditionally raised farm chickens.</blockquote><blockquote>The Label Rouge program focuses on high-quality products, mainly meat, with poultry making up most of the products. It emphasizes quality attributes such as taste, culinary qualities, free-range production, and food safety. The average consumer can note a positive difference in taste between Label Rouge poultry and industrial poultry-in fact, regular taste-testing is a certification requirement to prove that these products are "vividly distinguishable" from conventional poultry.</blockquote><blockquote>The main reason for the superior taste is the use of slow-growing birds instead of the fast-growing birds used for industrial production. The slow-growing birds are from old rustic genetic stocks and are grown longer than industrial birds before they are processed. The meat is flavorful and firm, but not tough.</blockquote><blockquote></blockquote><blockquote>In France, these birds are labeled and marketed as "Poulet Fermier" (farm chicken) and the region from which they are grown (ex. Poulet Fermier du Normand is Farm Chicken from Normandy).</blockquote><blockquote></blockquote><blockquote>The reputation of the higher culinary qualities of French Label Rouge poultry makes it popular throughout Europe with both retail customers and fine dining chefs.</blockquote><blockquote></blockquote><blockquote></blockquote><blockquote>Label Rouge Requirements</blockquote><blockquote></blockquote><blockquote>Genetics: Only certain genetics are allowed; older, slow-growing breeds that tend to be heartier and more disease resistant than commercial breeds. This makes them better suited for outdoor production.</blockquote><blockquote>Houses: Smaller chicken houses than those used in industrial production are required, and the number of houses per farms is limited to four. This assures the birds are grown by small farmers who give the birds more care and attention.</blockquote><blockquote>Maximum density in houses: There is a maximum density requirement that ensures these birds are allowed more room in the houses than industrial birds.</blockquote><blockquote>Access to outside: All birds must have access to the outdoors from 9 a.m. until dusk after 6 weeks of age, and must be outside for at least 42 days of grow-out.</blockquote><blockquote>Feed: Feed rations must consist of at least 75% cereal and must be non-medicated. Feed cannot contain animal products, growth stimulants, or other unnatural ingredients. Fishmeal is not permitted.</blockquote><blockquote>Medications: Although routine medications are not allowed, antibiotics and vaccines prescribed by a veterinarian are allowed when needed for the treatment of disease but are given with sufficient withdrawal times that there will be no residues in the birds when processed. Coccidiostats are permitted but must be withdrawn 5 days before slaughter for the same reason. Beak trimming is not allowed.</blockquote><blockquote>Slaughter age: Birds are grown much longer than commercial birds, a minimum of 81 days, some farmers go as long as 100 or more days.</blockquote><blockquote>Minimum dressed weight: All birds must be at least 2.2 lbs without giblets.</blockquote><blockquote>Sanitation period: There is a minimum sanitation period of 21 days between flocks to rid the houses of any parasites or disease.</blockquote><blockquote>Transport: To ensure that the birds are not dehydrated and are handled humanely, they must travel no more than 2 hours or 64 miles to the processing plant.</blockquote><blockquote>Processing: Air chilled.</blockquote><blockquote>Shelf life: Sold fresh within 9 days after slaughter. (<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;">www.ashleyfarms.com)</span></blockquote><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
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</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"><b>Sources of Information:</b><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 10pt;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: small;"></span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: small;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">Mr. Dean Shuck</span></span><span style="font-family: Times;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">American Livestock Breeds Conservancy</span></span><span style="font-family: Times;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">“Hungarian Indigenous Chicken Breeds -Origin, breeding purposes and standard characteristics” by
István Szalay, PhD.</span></span><span style="font-family: Times;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">Rare Poultry Breeds, by David Scrivener </span></span><span style="font-family: Times;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">The Chantecler and Other Rare Poultry Breeds, by Linda M. Gryner</span></span><span style="font-family: Times;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">American Standard of Perfection 1998, American Poultry Association</span></span><span style="font-family: Times;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">Aviculture Europe</span></span><span style="font-family: Times;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">Illustrated Book Of Poultry, by Lewis Wright</span></span><span style="font-family: Times;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">Les vollaies francaises - www.volaillepoultry.pagesperso-orange.fr</span></span><span style="font-family: Times;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">Ashley Farms - www.ashleyfarms.com</span></span><span style="font-family: Times;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">Sonderverein der Züchter, der Nackthalshühner, Zwerg- Nackthalshühner und Rumänischen Nackthalstümmler 1905 - www.sonderverein-der-nackthalszuechter.de</span></span><span style="font-family: Times;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">Jugendgruppen der Rassegeflügelzüchter im Landesverband Westfalen-Lippe</span></span><span style="font-family: Times;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span></span></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-e3KNnk8eews/TcSFINJo2_I/AAAAAAAAAdI/p9-SQfHQGEg/s1600/Backyard+Poultry+Forum.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="368" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-e3KNnk8eews/TcSFINJo2_I/AAAAAAAAAdI/p9-SQfHQGEg/s400/Backyard+Poultry+Forum.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Photo source: Unknown</td></tr>
</tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><b>If Anyone Would Like to List Themselves as Sources or If You Have Any Photos to Share, Please Contact Cameron</b> (mcattack_ca@yahoo.com)</span></span></div></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-inAlnEducKI/TcP4goyosNI/AAAAAAAAAcg/Fa1HVAAxxcY/s1600/3413157375_a5e60a0482.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="266" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-inAlnEducKI/TcP4goyosNI/AAAAAAAAAcg/Fa1HVAAxxcY/s400/3413157375_a5e60a0482.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><br />
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</div>Cameronhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17660301478540340621noreply@blogger.com13tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4871362593993053377.post-68719185824014003652011-04-20T16:53:00.001-07:002011-11-18T19:28:27.588-08:00The Huttegem or Oudenaarde Duck – Are We Too Late?<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-NssANjed48U/Ta9g0NaybiI/AAAAAAAAAYQ/RchO7Ip6MX8/s1600/Huttegemse_eenden.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="270" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-NssANjed48U/Ta9g0NaybiI/AAAAAAAAAYQ/RchO7Ip6MX8/s320/Huttegemse_eenden.gif" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 5px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 5px; font-family: Arial; font-size: xx-small;">Drawing of a a pair of Huttegem ducks by René Delin, 1925<br />
Photo Source: Courtesy of the Association for the Promotion of Belgian Poultry Breeds</span></td></tr>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 16.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-large;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 21px;"><br />
</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 16.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-large;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 21px;"><br />
</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 16.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 24px;">The Huttegem or Oudenaarde Duck is a very old historic breed whose origins lay in the Oudenaarde region of Belgium. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 16.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 24px;"><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-e9HAtvVMsjw/Ta9k_fwYO_I/AAAAAAAAAYU/hOsmE9mN_Vk/s1600/Judicial_Arrondissement_Oudenaarde_Belgium_Map.PNG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-e9HAtvVMsjw/Ta9k_fwYO_I/AAAAAAAAAYU/hOsmE9mN_Vk/s1600/Judicial_Arrondissement_Oudenaarde_Belgium_Map.PNG" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 24px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">Oudenaarde Region of Belgium</span></span></td></tr>
</tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 16.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 24px;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 16.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 24px;">It is said that during the late 1800’s and early 1900’s, it was a very popular duck kept in large numbers, especially along the Scheldt River. Of its ancestry, nothing is really known although it is speculated that it is a progeny of crosses involving the Termonde duck.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 16.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 24px;"><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-dJetuyAoA10/Ta9mIc9KMaI/AAAAAAAAAYY/ikLapIXu3hM/s1600/Dendermondse+eenden.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="256" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-dJetuyAoA10/Ta9mIc9KMaI/AAAAAAAAAYY/ikLapIXu3hM/s320/Dendermondse+eenden.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">Termonde Ducks - Blue Pair<br />
Photo Source: </span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">Bedreigd Belgische Neerhofdieren</span></span></td></tr>
</tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 16.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 24px;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;">In 1909, British poultry specialist J. T. Brown was visiting the Oudenaarde region and was quite taken with the blue Huttegem. It is suggested that he was able to secure some stock and take back with him to Britain where it supposedly became one of the ancestors of the Magpie duck.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-i0wzIhrsQf0/Ta9rqxUfCwI/AAAAAAAAAYc/scwDlawbpMI/s1600/Editor-of-The-Encyclopedia-of-Poultry-etc.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="60" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-i0wzIhrsQf0/Ta9rqxUfCwI/AAAAAAAAAYc/scwDlawbpMI/s400/Editor-of-The-Encyclopedia-of-Poultry-etc.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-tBh7WqJxJvI/Ta9rtchwvYI/AAAAAAAAAYg/vdU0JeQ9q4g/s1600/The-thermometer-can-be-read-by-withdrawing-it-gently-until-t.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="231" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-tBh7WqJxJvI/Ta9rtchwvYI/AAAAAAAAAYg/vdU0JeQ9q4g/s320/The-thermometer-can-be-read-by-withdrawing-it-gently-until-t.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">J. T. Brown Demonstrating Thermometer Reading from an Incubator<br />
Photo Source: Chest of Books</td></tr>
</tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"><o:p><br />
</o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;">The Huttegem was originally kept as a laying breed in flocks of great numbers, usually along river banks and streams. The ducks were known for their winter laying ability. Gradually the farmers, noting that they would be able to raise ducklings to a good slaughter size by Easter, began to use the Huttegem more and more for the production of meat.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"><br />
</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-34xInSD8mXw/Ta9vXG5idjI/AAAAAAAAAY0/P_tmCrCbPrY/s1600/roast-duck.jpg_e_be4a040f41dfb65a155b3b24351d007c.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="210" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-34xInSD8mXw/Ta9vXG5idjI/AAAAAAAAAY0/P_tmCrCbPrY/s320/roast-duck.jpg_e_be4a040f41dfb65a155b3b24351d007c.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;">Like Indian Runner ducks and other breeds that have been bred primarily for egg-laying abilities, the Huttegem was not known for its brooding abilities. The farmers were able to solve this problem by having the eggs brooded by a large local chicken breed, also known by the name of Huttegem. As was customary throughout Europe, animals were often named for their locales, thus you could have several species of the same name.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;">Huttegem chickens were quite large and known for their broodiness. The hens could easily sit on a large number of duck eggs and they were also used for rearing the ducklings. As many as fifty ducklings were often placed under the care of just one hen. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"><br />
</span></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-MfpoCcczVz8/Ta9vwClhx3I/AAAAAAAAAY4/MU_8TKkj94U/s1600/d4429143r.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-MfpoCcczVz8/Ta9vwClhx3I/AAAAAAAAAY4/MU_8TKkj94U/s1600/d4429143r.jpg" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Chicken Stepmother with Ducklings<br />
Photo Source: Christies Auction</td></tr>
</tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;">Common practice was for the hens to be placed in special cages from which they could not leave. These cages were </span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Lucida Grande'; font-size: 13pt; line-height: 150%;">basically some straw huts or wicker boxes with an open front. The hen was attached by her leg to a pole. </span><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;">The ducklings, however, could leave the ‘cages’ and go searching for other food, but they would never stray too far from their stepmothers. Then, when they reached the desired size, they were either placed with the breeding flock or were sent off too market.</span><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"><o:p><br />
</o:p></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-1aRghFud9Jc/Ta9sYQSLFrI/AAAAAAAAAYo/f7qxk9p9XP8/s1600/Huttegemse+eend.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="292" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-1aRghFud9Jc/Ta9sYQSLFrI/AAAAAAAAAYo/f7qxk9p9XP8/s320/Huttegemse+eend.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"><o:p><br />
</o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"><o:p><br />
</o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;">The Huttegem, although an historic breed, was not accorded any official recognition until 1971 when the first Breed Standard was drawn up. According to the Standard, t</span><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;">he Huttegem is a medium-sized duck of about 2 to 2.5 kg. Their body carriage is held in a rather upright position. Even though there were apparently several colors of the breed – black and white and blue and white pied varieties being the most common - only the blue and white pied pattern is mentioned in the Standard. This pattern consists of the neck, the breast and the primaries being white and the rest of the plumage being blue. Birds bred must have head markings similar to those found on the Fawn and White Indian Runner. The bill colour is slate while the legs and feet are a reddish-orange with black flecking. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"><br />
</span></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-jYK-OpsaV6w/Ta9sVj8eC5I/AAAAAAAAAYk/VRrioRZVSB0/s1600/Huttegemse+eend+webSLE.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="210" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-jYK-OpsaV6w/Ta9sVj8eC5I/AAAAAAAAAYk/VRrioRZVSB0/s320/Huttegemse+eend+webSLE.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Female Huttegem Duck<br />
Photo So<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: x-small;">urce: <span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; line-height: 19px;"> © Jef Aerts - Steunpunt Levend Erfgoed</span></span></td></tr>
</tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;">The current status of the </span><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;">Huttegem is that it is extremely rare and possibly even extinct. There were a few breeders in the early 1970’s, but as of today, no individual of the breed has been found although hope lay in the possibility that somewhere a few remaining birds are being taken care of in somebody’s small flock. If so, it is possible that the breed can be reestablished, but currently, it appears that we are to late to save this historic breed; a tragic ending for a breed that is described in almost every historical book on duck keeping all over the world.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"><br />
</span></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/--vo_cmUyTZg/Ta9sdD8l-fI/AAAAAAAAAYs/l3WqmqSsf20/s1600/huttegemse_eend_clip_image002.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="301" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/--vo_cmUyTZg/Ta9sdD8l-fI/AAAAAAAAAYs/l3WqmqSsf20/s400/huttegemse_eend_clip_image002.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Huttegem Duck<br />
Photo Source: Unknown</td></tr>
</tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;">If you know of anyone keeping this duck, please contact:<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;">The Association for the Promotion of Belgian Poultry Breeds (<a href="mailto:neerhofdieren@hotmail.com"><u style="text-underline: #0000EE;"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none;">neerhofdieren@hotmail.com</span></u></a>) <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"><b>or </b><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;">The Waterfowl Association </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"><br />
</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-Nd4tzjmlKY8/Ta9sn0RBEsI/AAAAAAAAAYw/de_ZZrz8jiM/s1600/watervogelbondlogo_0.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-Nd4tzjmlKY8/Ta9sn0RBEsI/AAAAAAAAAYw/de_ZZrz8jiM/s1600/watervogelbondlogo_0.jpg" /></a></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;">(http://www.watervogelbond.be/nl/)</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><br />
</div>Cameronhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17660301478540340621noreply@blogger.com4tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4871362593993053377.post-12527093111632993842011-04-20T12:23:00.002-07:002011-04-21T17:35:20.878-07:00Brabanters - Reinventing History<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-jkgj0tC88Ag/Ta8kPKpP7QI/AAAAAAAAAXo/QWto5elsH5A/s1600/Brabanter_1-0.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-jkgj0tC88Ag/Ta8kPKpP7QI/AAAAAAAAAXo/QWto5elsH5A/s320/Brabanter_1-0.jpg" width="256" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div style="text-align: left;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: left;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-bTm7jXEECx8/Ta8yU2StcaI/AAAAAAAAAYM/3r7d3E2O22w/s1600/Brabanter_0-1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-bTm7jXEECx8/Ta8yU2StcaI/AAAAAAAAAYM/3r7d3E2O22w/s320/Brabanter_0-1.jpg" width="254" /></a></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"><b><br />
</b></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;">The Brabanter is a Dutch breed of chicken originating in the historic region of Brabant, which straddles Belgium and the Netherlands. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"><br />
</span></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-4tofXQQVvJs/Ta7uDCsb01I/AAAAAAAAAVg/0IEc8xFxxFs/s1600/brabant_map.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-4tofXQQVvJs/Ta7uDCsb01I/AAAAAAAAAVg/0IEc8xFxxFs/s320/brabant_map.gif" width="214" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The Region of Brabant<br />
Image Source: Absolute Astronomy</td></tr>
</tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana;"> </span></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana;"></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana;"></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana;"></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;">It is </span><span style="font-family: Verdana;">one of the oldest breeds of Dutch origin with evidence of its existence dating as far back as the early 1500’s. </span><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-ep3fAfHlvTU/Ta7phBDWozI/AAAAAAAAAVY/R9gO2tEnyu4/s1600/Hondecoeter_Dublin_Poultry.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="248" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-ep3fAfHlvTU/Ta7phBDWozI/AAAAAAAAAVY/R9gO2tEnyu4/s320/Hondecoeter_Dublin_Poultry.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">"Poultry" - </span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 24px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Melchior d’Hondecoeter<br />
Photo Source: <span class="Apple-style-span" style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 2px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 2px; line-height: 18px;">National Gallery of Art,<br />
Dublin, Ireland</span></span></span></span></td></tr>
</tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;">Early paintings by done by famous Dutch animal painter </span><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;">Melchior d’Hondecoeter (1636-1695) portrays the Brabanter in many of its original colours. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-t1z_WmIpWg8/Ta7nOqIkQqI/AAAAAAAAAVQ/eXQNKP857ZU/s1600/Melchior_d%2527Hondecoeter_002.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="225" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-t1z_WmIpWg8/Ta7nOqIkQqI/AAAAAAAAAVQ/eXQNKP857ZU/s320/Melchior_d%2527Hondecoeter_002.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">"Hens and Ducks" - </span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 24px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Melchior d’Hondecoeter<br />
Photo Source: </span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 2px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 2px; line-height: 18px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Dr. Maarten Th. Frankenhuis, </span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 2px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 2px; line-height: 18px;"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Variaties in voortplanting. </span></span></i></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 2px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 2px; line-height: 18px;"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Paren en baren in Artis</span></span></i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">, [Oss]: Organon, [Amsterdam]: Artis</span></span></span></td></tr>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-PoQw7_qMrFw/Ta7rW-udBdI/AAAAAAAAAVc/Ss1WAsLX9ls/s1600/hondecoeter-cock-hens-chicks-NG202-fm.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="246" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-PoQw7_qMrFw/Ta7rW-udBdI/AAAAAAAAAVc/Ss1WAsLX9ls/s320/hondecoeter-cock-hens-chicks-NG202-fm.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #393c41; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 10px;"></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #393c41; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 10px;"></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #393c41; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 10px;"></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #393c41; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 10px;"><h1 style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #393c41; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 1.5em; font-style: inherit; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;">"A Cock, Hens and Chicks" </span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black; font-family: Times; font-size: 13px; line-height: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">- </span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 24px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Melchior d’Hondecoeter</span></span></span></span></h1></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 24px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Photo Source: </span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 12px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">The National Gallery, </span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 12px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Trafalgar Square, London, U.K.</span></span></span></td></tr>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;">Popular at one time and appearing in many aristocratic animal holdings, the Brabanter </span><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;">was declared extinct by the early 20<sup>th</sup> century. It is one of the “re-created” historical breeds having disappeared for a period of time. The Brabanter received its second chance with its recreation by dedicated Dutch poultrymen by 1920. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-NWxkyBdlVJM/Ta8wUroC_gI/AAAAAAAAAYI/1IiDNWqTIzk/s1600/brabanter_1355955b-1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-NWxkyBdlVJM/Ta8wUroC_gI/AAAAAAAAAYI/1IiDNWqTIzk/s1600/brabanter_1355955b-1.jpg" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Brabantar - Creme Trio<br />
Photo Source: Unknown</td></tr>
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</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana;">The Bantam Brabantar was created by crossing Bantam Polish varieties with Standard Brabanters in the early 1930’s and was officially recognized by the Dutch Standards in 1934. Both Standard and Bantam Brabanters are considered a rare breed, even in its native region.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-8amXV44ZgxI/Ta8fLJMfAoI/AAAAAAAAAXQ/tGAAgVoIF8o/s1600/thumb_BILD0024.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="240" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-8amXV44ZgxI/Ta8fLJMfAoI/AAAAAAAAAXQ/tGAAgVoIF8o/s320/thumb_BILD0024.JPG" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Brabanter - Black Hen<br />
Photo Source - B.K.U. Club</td></tr>
</tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"><o:p><br />
</o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;">The Brabanter has two main distinguishing characteristics: a small tuff of feathers on its head and a beard. The tuft of feathers is somewhat like a round crest that has been latterly flattened inwards from both sides and narrows to the front of the head; in other words making it seem like a Mohawk haircut. </span><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;">The crest is built up from and behind two bright red, cone shaped horns that are moulded like a “V” and are found at the back of its V-shaped comb. According to the Dutch Standards, the horns of Standard cocks are not allowed to be longer than 1.75 cm. and the maximum length for hens is 1.0 cm. For Brabanter Bantams, the maximum length of the horns is 1.0 cm. Unlike some crested fowl, the Brabanter’s tuft does not impede vision in any way.</span><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 13pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 28.0pt 56.0pt 84.0pt 112.0pt 140.0pt 168.0pt 196.0pt 224.0pt 252.0pt 280.0pt 308.0pt 336.0pt; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;"><o:p><br />
</o:p></span></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-A8timAhfRvU/Ta8dkPUuqjI/AAAAAAAAAXE/8O49le_SzAM/s1600/Cuckoo+Cock.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-A8timAhfRvU/Ta8dkPUuqjI/AAAAAAAAAXE/8O49le_SzAM/s320/Cuckoo+Cock.jpg" width="215" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Brabantar - Cuckoo Cock Head Close-up<br />
Photo Source: Unknown</td></tr>
</tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 28.0pt 56.0pt 84.0pt 112.0pt 140.0pt 168.0pt 196.0pt 224.0pt 252.0pt 280.0pt 308.0pt 336.0pt; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 28.0pt 56.0pt 84.0pt 112.0pt 140.0pt 168.0pt 196.0pt 224.0pt 252.0pt 280.0pt 308.0pt 336.0pt; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;"><o:p><br />
</o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 28.0pt 56.0pt 84.0pt 112.0pt 140.0pt 168.0pt 196.0pt 224.0pt 252.0pt 280.0pt 308.0pt 336.0pt; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;">The Brabanter’s beard is what is known as a three-piece densely feathered, pronounced beard - two lateral pieces and one frontal piece. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 28.0pt 56.0pt 84.0pt 112.0pt 140.0pt 168.0pt 196.0pt 224.0pt 252.0pt 280.0pt 308.0pt 336.0pt; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-2AjSrH6RfnU/Ta8MnFgkLfI/AAAAAAAAAVk/irzEUzQRam8/s1600/thumb_002.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="240" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-2AjSrH6RfnU/Ta8MnFgkLfI/AAAAAAAAAVk/irzEUzQRam8/s320/thumb_002.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Brabanter Head Close-up<br />
Photo Source - BKU Club</td></tr>
</tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 28.0pt 56.0pt 84.0pt 112.0pt 140.0pt 168.0pt 196.0pt 224.0pt 252.0pt 280.0pt 308.0pt 336.0pt; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-IbfooV1CX_o/Ta8oRwwWQdI/AAAAAAAAAXs/emaArA4vjp8/s1600/brabanter-2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="280" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-IbfooV1CX_o/Ta8oRwwWQdI/AAAAAAAAAXs/emaArA4vjp8/s320/brabanter-2.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Brabantar - Gold Black-spotted Head Close-up<br />
Photo Source: Huhner Forum</td></tr>
</tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 28.0pt 56.0pt 84.0pt 112.0pt 140.0pt 168.0pt 196.0pt 224.0pt 252.0pt 280.0pt 308.0pt 336.0pt; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 28.0pt 56.0pt 84.0pt 112.0pt 140.0pt 168.0pt 196.0pt 224.0pt 252.0pt 280.0pt 308.0pt 336.0pt; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 28.0pt 56.0pt 84.0pt 112.0pt 140.0pt 168.0pt 196.0pt 224.0pt 252.0pt 280.0pt 308.0pt 336.0pt; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 28.0pt 56.0pt 84.0pt 112.0pt 140.0pt 168.0pt 196.0pt 224.0pt 252.0pt 280.0pt 308.0pt 336.0pt; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;"></span><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;">It has rather wide nostrils, no chin wattles, and small white ear lobes that should not be visible due to the lateral parts of the beard. Brabanters have orange to light brown eyes that should not be obscured by the growth of the lateral parts of the beard.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 28.0pt 56.0pt 84.0pt 112.0pt 140.0pt 168.0pt 196.0pt 224.0pt 252.0pt 280.0pt 308.0pt 336.0pt; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 28.0pt 56.0pt 84.0pt 112.0pt 140.0pt 168.0pt 196.0pt 224.0pt 252.0pt 280.0pt 308.0pt 336.0pt; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;">According to the Breed Standards, weights for Brabanters are as follows:<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 28.0pt 56.0pt 84.0pt 112.0pt 140.0pt 168.0pt 196.0pt 224.0pt 252.0pt 280.0pt 308.0pt 336.0pt; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"><br />
</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 28.0pt 56.0pt 84.0pt 112.0pt 140.0pt 168.0pt 196.0pt 224.0pt 252.0pt 280.0pt 308.0pt 336.0pt; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 28.0pt 56.0pt 84.0pt 112.0pt 140.0pt 168.0pt 196.0pt 224.0pt 252.0pt 280.0pt 308.0pt 336.0pt; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana;">(BKU) </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana;">(Kippen Encyclopedie)</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 28.0pt 56.0pt 84.0pt 112.0pt 140.0pt 168.0pt 196.0pt 224.0pt 252.0pt 280.0pt 308.0pt 336.0pt; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;">Standard Cock: 1.9 – 2.5 kg. 2.0 - 2.5 kg. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 28.0pt 56.0pt 84.0pt 112.0pt 140.0pt 168.0pt 196.0pt 224.0pt 252.0pt 280.0pt 308.0pt 336.0pt; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;">Standard Hen: 1.6 – 2.0 kg. 1.5 - 2.0 kg.</span><span style="font-family: Verdana;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 28.0pt 56.0pt 84.0pt 112.0pt 140.0pt 168.0pt 196.0pt 224.0pt 252.0pt 280.0pt 308.0pt 336.0pt; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"><br />
</span></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-Y4zr_Yx4l7c/Ta8ZCD4MXFI/AAAAAAAAAW8/u8o229rMu00/s1600/brabanterkrielhaan.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-Y4zr_Yx4l7c/Ta8ZCD4MXFI/AAAAAAAAAW8/u8o229rMu00/s320/brabanterkrielhaan.jpg" width="298" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Bantam Brabanter - Yellow White-spotted Cock<br />
Photo Source: Unknown</td></tr>
</tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 28.0pt 56.0pt 84.0pt 112.0pt 140.0pt 168.0pt 196.0pt 224.0pt 252.0pt 280.0pt 308.0pt 336.0pt; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 28.0pt 56.0pt 84.0pt 112.0pt 140.0pt 168.0pt 196.0pt 224.0pt 252.0pt 280.0pt 308.0pt 336.0pt; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 24px;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana;">(BKU) </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana;">(Kippen Encyclopedie)</span></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 28.0pt 56.0pt 84.0pt 112.0pt 140.0pt 168.0pt 196.0pt 224.0pt 252.0pt 280.0pt 308.0pt 336.0pt; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;">Bantam Cock: 0.9 – 1.0 kg 0.6 - 0.7 kg.</span><span style="font-family: Verdana;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 28.0pt 56.0pt 84.0pt 112.0pt 140.0pt 168.0pt 196.0pt 224.0pt 252.0pt 280.0pt 308.0pt 336.0pt; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;">Bantam Hen: 0.7 – 0.8 kg 0.5 - 0.6 kg.</span><span style="font-family: Verdana;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 28.0pt 56.0pt 84.0pt 112.0pt 140.0pt 168.0pt 196.0pt 224.0pt 252.0pt 280.0pt 308.0pt 336.0pt; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 28.0pt 56.0pt 84.0pt 112.0pt 140.0pt 168.0pt 196.0pt 224.0pt 252.0pt 280.0pt 308.0pt 336.0pt; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"><o:p><br />
</o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 28.0pt 56.0pt 84.0pt 112.0pt 140.0pt 168.0pt 196.0pt 224.0pt 252.0pt 280.0pt 308.0pt 336.0pt; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;">It is considered a lively breed with a crescent-shaped body. Bantams and Standards should have the same basic shape, only difference being in size. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;">Serious errors in Brabanters include the length of the horns, the appearance of chin wattles, the obscuring of the eyes by the lateral parts of the beard, and the body shape straightening out from a crescent shape. In the spotted colour varieties – I use “spotted here for lack of a better word as “spangled” does not really describe the patterning nor is there an accurate translation from the Dutch “getoept” - other serious errors are having a “ground” or base colouring too pale, too dark or uneven and the spotting being overbearing, too weak, or uneven. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana;"><br />
</span></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-i-ZpRwlYcuk/Ta8fh0WdMkI/AAAAAAAAAXU/O6MIKxRzZeE/s1600/4423ecce.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-i-ZpRwlYcuk/Ta8fh0WdMkI/AAAAAAAAAXU/O6MIKxRzZeE/s320/4423ecce.jpg" width="319" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Brabantar - Gold Black-spotted Chick<br />
Photo Source: Kippen Forum</td></tr>
</tbody></table><br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-tnBvhNvrGP8/Ta8fkZqXX9I/AAAAAAAAAXY/ddys-9ZVMiI/s1600/0910_2885.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="240" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-tnBvhNvrGP8/Ta8fkZqXX9I/AAAAAAAAAXY/ddys-9ZVMiI/s320/0910_2885.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Brabantar - Gold Black-spotted Chick all Grown Up<br />
Photo Source: Kippen Forum</td></tr>
</tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;">In both Standard and Bantam colour varieties, hens are said to be good layers of white eggs, even throughout the winter periods. Although not known for going broody, they are supposedly an easy bird to breed with good fertility. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 28.0pt 56.0pt 84.0pt 112.0pt 140.0pt 168.0pt 196.0pt 224.0pt 252.0pt 280.0pt 308.0pt 336.0pt; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Verdana;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 28.0pt 56.0pt 84.0pt 112.0pt 140.0pt 168.0pt 196.0pt 224.0pt 252.0pt 280.0pt 308.0pt 336.0pt; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;">In the Netherlands, the recognized colours of the Brabantars are:<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 28.0pt 56.0pt 84.0pt 112.0pt 140.0pt 168.0pt 196.0pt 224.0pt 252.0pt 280.0pt 308.0pt 336.0pt; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 28.0pt 56.0pt 84.0pt 112.0pt 140.0pt 168.0pt 196.0pt 224.0pt 252.0pt 280.0pt 308.0pt 336.0pt; text-autospace: none;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana;"> </span></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana;"></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana;"></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana;"></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 28.0pt 56.0pt 84.0pt 112.0pt 140.0pt 168.0pt 196.0pt 224.0pt 252.0pt 280.0pt 308.0pt 336.0pt; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;">Gold Black-spotted (</span><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;">Goud zwartgetoept)</span><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 28.0pt 56.0pt 84.0pt 112.0pt 140.0pt 168.0pt 196.0pt 224.0pt 252.0pt 280.0pt 308.0pt 336.0pt; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"><br />
</span></div></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 28.0pt 56.0pt 84.0pt 112.0pt 140.0pt 168.0pt 196.0pt 224.0pt 252.0pt 280.0pt 308.0pt 336.0pt; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"><br />
</span></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-zUbGE9XgdBQ/Ta8OD24R39I/AAAAAAAAAVo/72bl8zBU2bE/s1600/Brabanter_Goudzwartgetoept_haan.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-zUbGE9XgdBQ/Ta8OD24R39I/AAAAAAAAAVo/72bl8zBU2bE/s1600/Brabanter_Goudzwartgetoept_haan.jpg" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Brabanter - Gold Black-spotted Cock<br />
Photo Source: Kippen Encyclopedie</td></tr>
</tbody></table><br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-3Qs034_iLKY/Ta8OIzhIJxI/AAAAAAAAAVs/t407iU4IElc/s1600/Brabanter_Goudzwartgetoept_hen.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-3Qs034_iLKY/Ta8OIzhIJxI/AAAAAAAAAVs/t407iU4IElc/s1600/Brabanter_Goudzwartgetoept_hen.jpg" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Brabanter - Gold Black-spotted Hen<br />
Photo Source: Kippen Encyclopedie</td></tr>
</tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 28.0pt 56.0pt 84.0pt 112.0pt 140.0pt 168.0pt 196.0pt 224.0pt 252.0pt 280.0pt 308.0pt 336.0pt; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 28.0pt 56.0pt 84.0pt 112.0pt 140.0pt 168.0pt 196.0pt 224.0pt 252.0pt 280.0pt 308.0pt 336.0pt; text-autospace: none;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana;"> </span></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana;"></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana;"></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana;"></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 28.0pt 56.0pt 84.0pt 112.0pt 140.0pt 168.0pt 196.0pt 224.0pt 252.0pt 280.0pt 308.0pt 336.0pt; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 28.0pt 56.0pt 84.0pt 112.0pt 140.0pt 168.0pt 196.0pt 224.0pt 252.0pt 280.0pt 308.0pt 336.0pt; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 28.0pt 56.0pt 84.0pt 112.0pt 140.0pt 168.0pt 196.0pt 224.0pt 252.0pt 280.0pt 308.0pt 336.0pt; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;">Silver Black-spotted (</span><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;">Zilver zwartgetoept)</span><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 28.0pt 56.0pt 84.0pt 112.0pt 140.0pt 168.0pt 196.0pt 224.0pt 252.0pt 280.0pt 308.0pt 336.0pt; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 28.0pt 56.0pt 84.0pt 112.0pt 140.0pt 168.0pt 196.0pt 224.0pt 252.0pt 280.0pt 308.0pt 336.0pt; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/--PqXm3RPjSU/Ta8iRsqo9KI/AAAAAAAAAXk/VeNAgUNTMYg/s1600/021KipDia_Brabanter_01.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="241" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/--PqXm3RPjSU/Ta8iRsqo9KI/AAAAAAAAAXk/VeNAgUNTMYg/s320/021KipDia_Brabanter_01.JPG" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Brabantar - Silver Black-spotted<br />
Photo Source: <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small; line-height: 24px;">Nederlandsche Hoender Club</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 28.0pt 56.0pt 84.0pt 112.0pt 140.0pt 168.0pt 196.0pt 224.0pt 252.0pt 280.0pt 308.0pt 336.0pt; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 28.0pt 56.0pt 84.0pt 112.0pt 140.0pt 168.0pt 196.0pt 224.0pt 252.0pt 280.0pt 308.0pt 336.0pt; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Times; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12pt;"><br />
</span></span></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="font-family: Times; line-height: normal; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-pNKOZHyEVQo/Ta8PqfjBInI/AAAAAAAAAVw/dTPzXmgv2E4/s1600/Brabanter_Zilverzwartgetoept_haan.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="240" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-pNKOZHyEVQo/Ta8PqfjBInI/AAAAAAAAAVw/dTPzXmgv2E4/s320/Brabanter_Zilverzwartgetoept_haan.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Brabanter - Silver Black-spotted Cock<br />
Photo Source: Kippen Encyclopedie</td></tr>
</tbody></table><div style="font-family: Times; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><br />
</div><div style="font-family: Times; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><br />
</div><div style="font-family: Times; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><br />
</div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="font-family: Times; line-height: normal; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-jR2thel9J2k/Ta8Psk3nDXI/AAAAAAAAAV0/use0sczPszI/s1600/Brabanter_Zilverzwartgetoept_hen.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="240" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-jR2thel9J2k/Ta8Psk3nDXI/AAAAAAAAAV0/use0sczPszI/s320/Brabanter_Zilverzwartgetoept_hen.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Brabanter - Silver Black-spotted Hen<br />
Photo Source: Kippen Encyclopedie</td></tr>
</tbody></table><div style="font-family: Times; line-height: normal;"><br />
</div><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 28.0pt 56.0pt 84.0pt 112.0pt 140.0pt 168.0pt 196.0pt 224.0pt 252.0pt 280.0pt 308.0pt 336.0pt; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 24px;"><br />
</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 28.0pt 56.0pt 84.0pt 112.0pt 140.0pt 168.0pt 196.0pt 224.0pt 252.0pt 280.0pt 308.0pt 336.0pt; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 24px;"><br />
</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 28.0pt 56.0pt 84.0pt 112.0pt 140.0pt 168.0pt 196.0pt 224.0pt 252.0pt 280.0pt 308.0pt 336.0pt; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 24px;"><br />
</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 28.0pt 56.0pt 84.0pt 112.0pt 140.0pt 168.0pt 196.0pt 224.0pt 252.0pt 280.0pt 308.0pt 336.0pt; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 24px;">Yellow White-spotted (</span><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 24px;">Geel witgetoept)</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 28.0pt 56.0pt 84.0pt 112.0pt 140.0pt 168.0pt 196.0pt 224.0pt 252.0pt 280.0pt 308.0pt 336.0pt; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 24px;"><br />
</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 28.0pt 56.0pt 84.0pt 112.0pt 140.0pt 168.0pt 196.0pt 224.0pt 252.0pt 280.0pt 308.0pt 336.0pt; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"><br />
</span></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-nIHlE3bs9WI/Ta8QJT3xeSI/AAAAAAAAAV4/eamCzFzZ9aQ/s1600/Brabanter_Geelwitgetoept_haan.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="240" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-nIHlE3bs9WI/Ta8QJT3xeSI/AAAAAAAAAV4/eamCzFzZ9aQ/s320/Brabanter_Geelwitgetoept_haan.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times;">Brabanter - Yellow White-spotted Cock<br />
Photo Source: Kippen Encyclopedie</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table><br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-_29ugbs65ZM/Ta8QMMZe6cI/AAAAAAAAAV8/cYcJC6uXZpI/s1600/Brabanter_Geelwitgetoept_hen.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="240" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-_29ugbs65ZM/Ta8QMMZe6cI/AAAAAAAAAV8/cYcJC6uXZpI/s320/Brabanter_Geelwitgetoept_hen.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times;">Brabanter - Yellow White-spotted Cock<br />
Photo Source: Kippen Encyclopedie</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 24px;">Blue Laced (</span><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 24px;">Gezoomd blauw)</span><br />
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-xqRjDUFSkc0/Ta8QOxvrABI/AAAAAAAAAWA/dGdfK0mIFb4/s1600/Brabanter_Gezoomd_blauw_haan.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-xqRjDUFSkc0/Ta8QOxvrABI/AAAAAAAAAWA/dGdfK0mIFb4/s1600/Brabanter_Gezoomd_blauw_haan.jpg" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times;">Brabanter - Blue Laced Cock<br />
Photo Source: Kippen Encyclopedie</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 28.0pt 56.0pt 84.0pt 112.0pt 140.0pt 168.0pt 196.0pt 224.0pt 252.0pt 280.0pt 308.0pt 336.0pt; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 28.0pt 56.0pt 84.0pt 112.0pt 140.0pt 168.0pt 196.0pt 224.0pt 252.0pt 280.0pt 308.0pt 336.0pt; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-WR50txEohTE/Ta8QX4_kg1I/AAAAAAAAAWE/WJC7KF07fv0/s1600/Brabanter_Gezoomd_blauw_hen.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-WR50txEohTE/Ta8QX4_kg1I/AAAAAAAAAWE/WJC7KF07fv0/s1600/Brabanter_Gezoomd_blauw_hen.jpg" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times;">Brabanter - Blue Laced Hen<br />
Photo Source: Kippen Encyclopedie</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table><br />
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<span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12pt;">Cuckoo (</span><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12pt;">Koekoek)</span><br />
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-rxKoZL7h_hM/Ta8QgB18GzI/AAAAAAAAAWI/alG5zuhkAYw/s1600/Brabanter_Koekoek_haan.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-rxKoZL7h_hM/Ta8QgB18GzI/AAAAAAAAAWI/alG5zuhkAYw/s1600/Brabanter_Koekoek_haan.jpg" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times;">Brabanter - Cuckoo Cock<br />
Photo Source: Kippen Encyclopedie</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table><br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-EWuit-x1l2A/Ta8Qj4KFxPI/AAAAAAAAAWM/BQ8vWUhpqRQ/s1600/Brabanter_Koekoek_hen.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-EWuit-x1l2A/Ta8Qj4KFxPI/AAAAAAAAAWM/BQ8vWUhpqRQ/s1600/Brabanter_Koekoek_hen.jpg" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times;">Brabanter - Cuckoo Hen<br />
Photo Source: Kippen Encyclopedie</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table><br />
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Self White (Wit)<br />
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-_BnS3eIxmmQ/Ta8hhjssVqI/AAAAAAAAAXg/CQXwuQuRWwg/s1600/Brabanter.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="243" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-_BnS3eIxmmQ/Ta8hhjssVqI/AAAAAAAAAXg/CQXwuQuRWwg/s320/Brabanter.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Brabantar - Self White Trio<br />
Photo Source: www.seniorennet.be</td></tr>
</tbody></table><br />
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-n2h5hzEOUCg/Ta8QoXtSPrI/AAAAAAAAAWQ/DzmJyYmp9PA/s1600/Brabanter_Wit_haan.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-n2h5hzEOUCg/Ta8QoXtSPrI/AAAAAAAAAWQ/DzmJyYmp9PA/s1600/Brabanter_Wit_haan.jpg" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times;">Brabanter - White Cock<br />
Photo Source: Kippen Encyclopedie</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table><br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-SODA5imtTII/Ta8QreNfg7I/AAAAAAAAAWU/Eyj_mwmzd8w/s1600/Brabanter_Wit_hen.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-SODA5imtTII/Ta8QreNfg7I/AAAAAAAAAWU/Eyj_mwmzd8w/s1600/Brabanter_Wit_hen.jpg" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times;">Brabanter - White Hen<br />
Photo Source: Kippen Encyclopedie</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table><br />
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Self Black (Zwart)<br />
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-xlWizl4pvBY/Ta8QzVnJlEI/AAAAAAAAAWY/SAJtl2EabPw/s1600/Brabanter_Zwart_haan.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="240" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-xlWizl4pvBY/Ta8QzVnJlEI/AAAAAAAAAWY/SAJtl2EabPw/s320/Brabanter_Zwart_haan.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times;">Brabanter - Black Cock<br />
Photo Source: Kippen Encyclopedie</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table><br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-aDSOk4-tr0Q/Ta8Q3crKyRI/AAAAAAAAAWc/FfyOJupcdog/s1600/Brabanter_Zwart_hen.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="240" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-aDSOk4-tr0Q/Ta8Q3crKyRI/AAAAAAAAAWc/FfyOJupcdog/s320/Brabanter_Zwart_hen.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times;">Brabanter - Black Hen<br />
Photo Source: Kippen Encyclopedie</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 28.0pt 56.0pt 84.0pt 112.0pt 140.0pt 168.0pt 196.0pt 224.0pt 252.0pt 280.0pt 308.0pt 336.0pt; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 28.0pt 56.0pt 84.0pt 112.0pt 140.0pt 168.0pt 196.0pt 224.0pt 252.0pt 280.0pt 308.0pt 336.0pt; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 28.0pt 56.0pt 84.0pt 112.0pt 140.0pt 168.0pt 196.0pt 224.0pt 252.0pt 280.0pt 308.0pt 336.0pt; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 28.0pt 56.0pt 84.0pt 112.0pt 140.0pt 168.0pt 196.0pt 224.0pt 252.0pt 280.0pt 308.0pt 336.0pt; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times; line-height: normal;"></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana;"></span></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">Some of the newer colours not yet officially recognized include:</div></span><br />
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</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;"><o:p> <span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12pt;">Lemon Black-spotted (</span><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12pt;">Citroenzwartgetoept)</span> </o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;"><o:p><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12pt;"><br />
</span></o:p></span></div><br />
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</span></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-jXiyLdlAsEk/Ta8SeBhlg6I/AAAAAAAAAWg/3pdOTJID4D8/s1600/Brabanter_Citroenzwartgetoept_haan.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-jXiyLdlAsEk/Ta8SeBhlg6I/AAAAAAAAAWg/3pdOTJID4D8/s320/Brabanter_Citroenzwartgetoept_haan.jpg" width="240" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times;">Brabanter - Lemon Black-spotted Cock<br />
Photo Source: Kippen Encyclopedie</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table><br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-H4LhoP0yx6k/Ta8ShJOA2gI/AAAAAAAAAWk/pV9R4PK1xf4/s1600/Brabanter_Citroenzwartgetoept_hen.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="240" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-H4LhoP0yx6k/Ta8ShJOA2gI/AAAAAAAAAWk/pV9R4PK1xf4/s320/Brabanter_Citroenzwartgetoept_hen.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times;">Brabanter - Lemon Black-spotted Cock<br />
Photo Source: Kippen Encyclopedie</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table><br />
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<span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12pt;">Gold Blue-spotted (</span><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12pt;">Goudblauwgetoept)</span> <br />
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-bXQMl8PL22Q/Ta8SmHpdcuI/AAAAAAAAAWo/PUsImbzilZ8/s1600/Brabanter_Goudblauwgetoept_haan.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-bXQMl8PL22Q/Ta8SmHpdcuI/AAAAAAAAAWo/PUsImbzilZ8/s1600/Brabanter_Goudblauwgetoept_haan.jpg" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times;">Brabanter - Gold Blue-spotted Cock<br />
Photo Source: Kippen Encyclopedie</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table><br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-gNVTY9FyNsQ/Ta8Sp9xVAHI/AAAAAAAAAWs/luVEYIlDOR4/s1600/Brabanter_Goudblauwgetoept_hen.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-gNVTY9FyNsQ/Ta8Sp9xVAHI/AAAAAAAAAWs/luVEYIlDOR4/s1600/Brabanter_Goudblauwgetoept_hen.jpg" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times;">Brabanter - Gold Blue-spotted Hen<br />
Photo Source: Kippen Encyclopedie</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table><br />
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<span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12pt;">Salmon (</span><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12pt;">Zalmkleur)</span> <br />
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-t9pwjHRHTd8/Ta8SwwC2hlI/AAAAAAAAAWw/VkQ6WWCzSJk/s1600/Brabanter_Zalmkleurig_haan.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-t9pwjHRHTd8/Ta8SwwC2hlI/AAAAAAAAAWw/VkQ6WWCzSJk/s1600/Brabanter_Zalmkleurig_haan.jpg" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times;">Brabanter - Salmon Cock<br />
Photo Source: Kippen Encyclopedie</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table><br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-qPHO8yPg8UQ/Ta8S2XmDFmI/AAAAAAAAAW0/KBTIbdiFlys/s1600/Brabanter_Zalmkleurig_hen.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-qPHO8yPg8UQ/Ta8S2XmDFmI/AAAAAAAAAW0/KBTIbdiFlys/s1600/Brabanter_Zalmkleurig_hen.jpg" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times;">Brabanter - Salmon Hen<br />
Photo Source: Kippen Encyclopedie</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table><br />
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<span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12pt;">Splash (Splash)</span> <br />
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-PMAbZU7Gx2Y/Ta8S8xLgfeI/AAAAAAAAAW4/2SAG_lfPaw4/s1600/Brabanter_Splash_haan.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="240" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-PMAbZU7Gx2Y/Ta8S8xLgfeI/AAAAAAAAAW4/2SAG_lfPaw4/s320/Brabanter_Splash_haan.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times;">Brabanter - Splash Cock<br />
Photo Source: Kippen Encyclopedie</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 28.0pt 56.0pt 84.0pt 112.0pt 140.0pt 168.0pt 196.0pt 224.0pt 252.0pt 280.0pt 308.0pt 336.0pt; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 28.0pt 56.0pt 84.0pt 112.0pt 140.0pt 168.0pt 196.0pt 224.0pt 252.0pt 280.0pt 308.0pt 336.0pt; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 28.0pt 56.0pt 84.0pt 112.0pt 140.0pt 168.0pt 196.0pt 224.0pt 252.0pt 280.0pt 308.0pt 336.0pt; text-autospace: none;">The Brabantar was once known to exist in the following colour varieties:</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 28.0pt 56.0pt 84.0pt 112.0pt 140.0pt 168.0pt 196.0pt 224.0pt 252.0pt 280.0pt 308.0pt 336.0pt; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 28.0pt 56.0pt 84.0pt 112.0pt 140.0pt 168.0pt 196.0pt 224.0pt 252.0pt 280.0pt 308.0pt 336.0pt; text-autospace: none;">Blue White-laced:</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 28.0pt 56.0pt 84.0pt 112.0pt 140.0pt 168.0pt 196.0pt 224.0pt 252.0pt 280.0pt 308.0pt 336.0pt; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-IhM2iLdMBvk/Ta8gk1BCY4I/AAAAAAAAAXc/2Si47qsR4V8/s1600/brabanters_blauw_gezoomd_wit.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="221" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-IhM2iLdMBvk/Ta8gk1BCY4I/AAAAAAAAAXc/2Si47qsR4V8/s320/brabanters_blauw_gezoomd_wit.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Brabantar - Blue White-laced Pair<br />
Photo Source: B.K.U. Club</td></tr>
</tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 28.0pt 56.0pt 84.0pt 112.0pt 140.0pt 168.0pt 196.0pt 224.0pt 252.0pt 280.0pt 308.0pt 336.0pt; text-autospace: none;">Golden Black-bearded [and Black-tufted]</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 28.0pt 56.0pt 84.0pt 112.0pt 140.0pt 168.0pt 196.0pt 224.0pt 252.0pt 280.0pt 308.0pt 336.0pt; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-GwT7tTh-AKM/Ta8twdIpNJI/AAAAAAAAAYE/V2WiGzDebW4/s1600/010fig011+Brabanter.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="242" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-GwT7tTh-AKM/Ta8twdIpNJI/AAAAAAAAAYE/V2WiGzDebW4/s320/010fig011+Brabanter.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Brabantar - Golden Black-bearded</td></tr>
</tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 28.0pt 56.0pt 84.0pt 112.0pt 140.0pt 168.0pt 196.0pt 224.0pt 252.0pt 280.0pt 308.0pt 336.0pt; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 28.0pt 56.0pt 84.0pt 112.0pt 140.0pt 168.0pt 196.0pt 224.0pt 252.0pt 280.0pt 308.0pt 336.0pt; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 28.0pt 56.0pt 84.0pt 112.0pt 140.0pt 168.0pt 196.0pt 224.0pt 252.0pt 280.0pt 308.0pt 336.0pt; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">BKU-Club</span></div></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 28.0pt 56.0pt 84.0pt 112.0pt 140.0pt 168.0pt 196.0pt 224.0pt 252.0pt 280.0pt 308.0pt 336.0pt; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 28.0pt 56.0pt 84.0pt 112.0pt 140.0pt 168.0pt 196.0pt 224.0pt 252.0pt 280.0pt 308.0pt 336.0pt; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;">The BKU-Club was started in 1985 to promote interest and breeding standards of the following Dutch breeds in both Standards and Bantams: </span><span style="font-family: Verdana;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 28.0pt 56.0pt 84.0pt 112.0pt 140.0pt 168.0pt 196.0pt 224.0pt 252.0pt 280.0pt 308.0pt 336.0pt; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;">The Brabanter</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"><br />
</span></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-I8xy7L63Im4/Ta8qHbjSmjI/AAAAAAAAAX0/JcmNMdDQKiI/s1600/4367423472_f0b5310b32.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-I8xy7L63Im4/Ta8qHbjSmjI/AAAAAAAAAX0/JcmNMdDQKiI/s320/4367423472_f0b5310b32.jpg" width="216" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Brabantar - Creme Pullet</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Photo So</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;">urce: Courtesy of </span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 15px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Show-Me Silkies & Stuff</span></span></span></td></tr>
</tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 28.0pt 56.0pt 84.0pt 112.0pt 140.0pt 168.0pt 196.0pt 224.0pt 252.0pt 280.0pt 308.0pt 336.0pt; text-autospace: none;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana;">The Breda Fowl</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-6Tje4Lt-hKY/Ta8rarJTDWI/AAAAAAAAAX8/QjrS-WPetIA/s1600/Kraaikophaan.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="233" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-6Tje4Lt-hKY/Ta8rarJTDWI/AAAAAAAAAX8/QjrS-WPetIA/s320/Kraaikophaan.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Breda Fowl - Blue Cock<br />
Photo Source: Unknown</td></tr>
</tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"> The Dutch Owlbeard </span><span style="font-family: Verdana;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"><br />
</span></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Oyu4NigkzPk/Ta8sPortWKI/AAAAAAAAAYA/R4KG-YtwZ9g/s1600/Uilebaard.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="240" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Oyu4NigkzPk/Ta8sPortWKI/AAAAAAAAAYA/R4KG-YtwZ9g/s320/Uilebaard.JPG" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Dutch Owl Beard - White Moorkop Pair<br />
Photo Source: ireality.com</td></tr>
</tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 28.0pt 56.0pt 84.0pt 112.0pt 140.0pt 168.0pt 196.0pt 224.0pt 252.0pt 280.0pt 308.0pt 336.0pt; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;">www.bkuclub.nl </span><span style="font-family: Verdana;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;">info@bkuclub.nl </span><span style="font-family: Verdana;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 28.0pt 56.0pt 84.0pt 112.0pt 140.0pt 168.0pt 196.0pt 224.0pt 252.0pt 280.0pt 308.0pt 336.0pt; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-f-rDeKFxYUo/Ta8qxyp6qoI/AAAAAAAAAX4/NYwTBNaerHk/s1600/4367421622_eb72cf86dd.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-f-rDeKFxYUo/Ta8qxyp6qoI/AAAAAAAAAX4/NYwTBNaerHk/s320/4367421622_eb72cf86dd.jpg" width="160" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Brabanter - Creme Cockerel</span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Photo Source: Courtesy of </span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 15px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Show-Me Silkies & Stuff</span></span></span></td></tr>
</tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 28.0pt 56.0pt 84.0pt 112.0pt 140.0pt 168.0pt 196.0pt 224.0pt 252.0pt 280.0pt 308.0pt 336.0pt; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 28.0pt 56.0pt 84.0pt 112.0pt 140.0pt 168.0pt 196.0pt 224.0pt 252.0pt 280.0pt 308.0pt 336.0pt; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 28.0pt 56.0pt 84.0pt 112.0pt 140.0pt 168.0pt 196.0pt 224.0pt 252.0pt 280.0pt 308.0pt 336.0pt; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;">Contact Address: </span><span style="font-family: Verdana;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 28.0pt 56.0pt 84.0pt 112.0pt 140.0pt 168.0pt 196.0pt 224.0pt 252.0pt 280.0pt 308.0pt 336.0pt; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;">Secretary: Gerard Vermaas </span><span style="font-family: Verdana;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 28.0pt 56.0pt 84.0pt 112.0pt 140.0pt 168.0pt 196.0pt 224.0pt 252.0pt 280.0pt 308.0pt 336.0pt; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;">Prinsenlaan 6 </span><span style="font-family: Verdana;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 28.0pt 56.0pt 84.0pt 112.0pt 140.0pt 168.0pt 196.0pt 224.0pt 252.0pt 280.0pt 308.0pt 336.0pt; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;">NL 3442 CE Woerden </span><span style="font-family: Verdana;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 28.0pt 56.0pt 84.0pt 112.0pt 140.0pt 168.0pt 196.0pt 224.0pt 252.0pt 280.0pt 308.0pt 336.0pt; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 28.0pt 56.0pt 84.0pt 112.0pt 140.0pt 168.0pt 196.0pt 224.0pt 252.0pt 280.0pt 308.0pt 336.0pt; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;">Tel.: 0031-348414813 </span><span style="font-family: Verdana;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 28.0pt 56.0pt 84.0pt 112.0pt 140.0pt 168.0pt 196.0pt 224.0pt 252.0pt 280.0pt 308.0pt 336.0pt; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;">E-mail: gerard.vermaas@hetnet.nl</span><span style="font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="font-family: Verdana;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 28.0pt 56.0pt 84.0pt 112.0pt 140.0pt 168.0pt 196.0pt 224.0pt 252.0pt 280.0pt 308.0pt 336.0pt; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 28.0pt 56.0pt 84.0pt 112.0pt 140.0pt 168.0pt 196.0pt 224.0pt 252.0pt 280.0pt 308.0pt 336.0pt; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"><br />
</span></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-Kp9L8PGeQ1A/Ta8dOz8DDRI/AAAAAAAAAXA/15dYyuFQp6o/s1600/Gold+Brabanters.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="214" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-Kp9L8PGeQ1A/Ta8dOz8DDRI/AAAAAAAAAXA/15dYyuFQp6o/s320/Gold+Brabanters.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Brabantar - Gold Black-spotted Trio<br />
Photo Source: Unknown</td></tr>
</tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 28.0pt 56.0pt 84.0pt 112.0pt 140.0pt 168.0pt 196.0pt 224.0pt 252.0pt 280.0pt 308.0pt 336.0pt; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">North American Brabantars</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;">In North America, the Brabantar is a rare variety and</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana;"> not yet recognized by the American Poultry Association, but there are a group of breeders in North America who are hoping to one day have this beautiful, historical bird listed in the A.P.A. Standard of Perfection.</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana;"> Brabantars are only available in the following colour varieties:</span></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;">Crème (more like the Dutch non-recognized Lemon Black-spotted)<o:p></o:p></span></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;">and<o:p></o:p></span></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;">Gold (like the Dutch recognized Gold Black-spotted)<o:p></o:p></span></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"><b>Brabanter Breeders</b>:</span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"><br />
</span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="line-height: 150%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 15px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><b>Show-Me Silkies & Stuff - </b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 24px;"><b>Crème Variety</b></span></span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="line-height: 150%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 15px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 24px;"></span>(http://showmesilkies.com) </span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"><br />
</span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"><br />
</span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"><br />
</span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"><b>Brabanters are available in North America commercially from</b>:<o:p></o:p></span></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"><b>Sand Hill Preservation Center – Crème and Gold varieties</b> (http://www.sandhillpreservation.com/catalog/chickens.html) <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"><b>Ideal Poultry Breeding Farms – Crème and Gold varieties</b><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;">(<a href="http://www.ideal-poultry.com/">http://www.ideal-poultry.com</a>)<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;">As well as other “drop-ship” hatcheries. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;">Any breeders wishing to list here, please contact Cameron at:<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Brabanter - Yellow White-spotted<br />
Photo Source: Unknown</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-waYjUMwX85I/Ta8pbeh_b7I/AAAAAAAAAXw/OHzMq0Rj5MQ/s1600/brabanter3.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-waYjUMwX85I/Ta8pbeh_b7I/AAAAAAAAAXw/OHzMq0Rj5MQ/s320/brabanter3.jpg" width="313" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Brabantar - Lemon Black-spotted<br />
Photo Source: Huhner Forum</td></tr>
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</div>Cameronhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17660301478540340621noreply@blogger.com11tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4871362593993053377.post-88111944889161813072011-04-19T17:25:00.000-07:002011-04-19T17:25:28.504-07:00Midget White Turkeys<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-rfTDAPZ9VcM/TakH1tFHYQI/AAAAAAAAAQw/v4k_bDrsFfs/s1600/Midget+White+group+1.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="241" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-rfTDAPZ9VcM/TakH1tFHYQI/AAAAAAAAAQw/v4k_bDrsFfs/s320/Midget+White+group+1.jpeg" width="320" /></a></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;"><br />
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<!--StartFragment--><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">In the early 1960’s there was an interest in developing a miniature version of the Boadbreasted Large White and Bronze turkey for the commercial market. Up until this time, the only available small white turkey was the Beltsville Small White. However, they were unpopular with many consumers who wanted a more meaty breasted bird. Several turkey lines were developed by crossing the Beltsville with the larger Broadbreasted, selecting for smaller size. Some were backcrossed again to the broadbreasted followed by more selection. Most all of these crosses suffered from poor reproductive performance, inherited from the larger birds, thus not making them economically viable.</span><!--EndFragment--> <br />
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<span style="font-family: Verdana;">At the University of Massachusetts, Dr. J. R. Smyth Jr. crossed Broadbreasted White with a small, exhibition strain of Royal Palms. The Palms were a small exhibition strain, yet had a reasonably sized meaty breast. Starting with the first generation crossbreds he selected based on three major criteria: small size, good breast fleshing, and total balance. By the third generations of crosses, Dr. Smyth was in the process of segregating for plumage pattern. It was at this time that the U. of Mass. decided to reduce much of its poultry holdings. Since the potential market for the Midget White never developed, the University held the only flock. Not wanting to see his hard work lost, Dr. Smyth gave the flock to a farm worker who in turn swapped the lot for some show bantams with a breeder in Wisconsin.</span><span style="font-family: Arial;"><o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Verdana;">In 1971 a former graduate student of Dr. Smyths, Dr. Wentworth, now a professor emeritus in poultry science and avian physiology at the University of Wisconsin, Madison, was able to secure six turkeys (two toms and four hens) from a “miniature” line. Upon receiving the birds, he noted that they had wing bands on them with a number on one side, and on the backside of the band was written the abbreviation U of Mass, making these the Midget white turkeys that Dr. Smyth had been developing.</span><span style="font-family: Arial;"><o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">The first spring, the Midget White turkeys were photo-stimulated with 14 hour of light and 10 hours of darkness and mated artificially. Using a rigorous pedigree approach to avoid further inbreeding, Dr. Wentworth slowly expanded the flock of Midget Whites. In the late 1970's an embryonic lethal began to be expressed. It took a period of about three years to rid the stock carrying the lethal gene. As well, selection was made to fix tom body weight to about 13 pounds and hens at about 8 pounds. Birds were selected for egg production, fertility and hatchability; the original stock not laying very well. In addition, breast meat volume was also added as a selection criteria. About every third year, breast meat volume was included as selection index in addition to body weight. </span><span style="font-family: Arial;"><o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-svvyvHlvREo/Ta4le_T7qEI/AAAAAAAAAU0/dVKHTg_28nI/s1600/Midget-white-turkey-tom.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="278" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-svvyvHlvREo/Ta4le_T7qEI/AAAAAAAAAU0/dVKHTg_28nI/s320/Midget-white-turkey-tom.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><span style="font-family: Verdana;"><br />
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<span style="font-family: Verdana;">Shortly before Dr. Wentworth retired, the University decided to disperse the flock. The majority was sent to the USDA poultry facility in Beltsville, Maryland, alathough a few private breeders were able to secure some birds. In April of 2005, the flock was dispersed for the last time and distributed to poultry enthusiasts in the eastern US. </span><br />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-_FuCjT6gv2w/Ta4lm-Dc0TI/AAAAAAAAAU4/_azhr8l0vug/s1600/5-midget-white.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="192" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-_FuCjT6gv2w/Ta4lm-Dc0TI/AAAAAAAAAU4/_azhr8l0vug/s320/5-midget-white.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><span style="font-family: Verdana;"><br />
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</span></div>Cameronhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17660301478540340621noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4871362593993053377.post-76296430253066287152011-04-19T17:10:00.000-07:002011-04-19T17:10:15.675-07:00Beltsville Small White Turkeys<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 2px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 2px; color: #003300; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: normal;"></span></span></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana;"></span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-XgwAMpti-y8/Tazhxo2wZ_I/AAAAAAAAAT0/t74KKRQxIlI/s1600/BeltsvilleToms.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="270" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-XgwAMpti-y8/Tazhxo2wZ_I/AAAAAAAAAT0/t74KKRQxIlI/s400/BeltsvilleToms.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Beltsville Small White Turkeys - Group of Toms</td></tr>
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<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm;"><span class="dropcap"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt;">If one goes to </span></span><span lang="EN" style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt;">Beltsville, Maryland, a town in the north-west corner of the state, you just might happen to come upon a little bit of poultry history.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It is here, at the </span><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica; mso-bidi-font-size: 13.0pt;">United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) </span><span lang="EN" style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt;">Beltsville Agricultural Research Center (BARC)</span><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica; mso-bidi-font-size: 13.0pt;">, that the Beltsville Small White Turkey was developed. </span><span lang="EN" style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><!--EndFragment--> </div></span><br />
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">U.S.D.A. - B.A.R.C. Main Building<br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; tab-stops: 18.0cm;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica; mso-bidi-font-size: 13.0pt;">In 1910, the United States Department of Agriculture purchased land in Beltsville for its Agricultural Research Service. The first parcel acquired was 375 acres and eventually encompassed 14,600 acres (59 km</span><sup><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">2</span></sup><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica; mso-bidi-font-size: 13.0pt;">) becoming the largest and most prominent center of agricultural science research in the world.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It is now known as </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 16px;">the Harry A. Wallace Beltsville Agricultural Research Center (B.A.R.C.), named in honour of <span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Henry A. Wallace</span>, a former United States Vice President and Secretary of Agriculture. </span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Q-ubiy-pT9c/Taxey2txz-I/AAAAAAAAASs/6jlPaIjrJT8/s1600/800px-Beltsville_Agricultural_Research_Center_grounds.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="232" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Q-ubiy-pT9c/Taxey2txz-I/AAAAAAAAASs/6jlPaIjrJT8/s320/800px-Beltsville_Agricultural_Research_Center_grounds.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">U.S.D.A. - B.A.R.C. Aerial View</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">Photo Source: U.S.D.A.</div></span></td></tr>
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</span></div><div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><!--StartFragment--> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt;">Prior to the 1930’s most commercially raised turkeys in the United States were various strains of what is now known as the “Unimproved or Standard Bronze”. They had dark colored plumage and pin feathers were medium to large in size. Their breast was narrow and was not very meaty. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt;">Consumer surveys of the time indicated a desire for a meaty turkey without dark coloured skin; a smaller bird because as family sizes on the average were becoming smaller and apartment living, with its smaller ovens, freezers and refrigerators, was becoming more and more popular.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt;"><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-onnTOO7GDcY/Ta4dlKuGixI/AAAAAAAAAUU/Id2nIZMjBDo/s1600/bird+in+the+oven.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="212" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-onnTOO7GDcY/Ta4dlKuGixI/AAAAAAAAAUU/Id2nIZMjBDo/s320/bird+in+the+oven.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Turkey in Oven<br />
Photo Source: Unknown</td></tr>
</tbody></table><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt;"><br />
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</div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Times; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt;">After industry consultation, Mr. Morley A. Jull, who was in charge of poultry investigations for the Bureau of Animal Industry</span><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt;"> and Mr. </span><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Times; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt;">Stanley J. Marsden, who at the time was employed with the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Bureau of Animal Industry as the poultry husbandry man at the U.S. Range Livestock Experiment Station at Miles City, Montana, got together and planned the development of a smaller turkey which would fill this niche. </span><span lang="EN" style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt;">It was an effort that would last approximately seven years, from 1934 to 1941.</span><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Times; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm;"><br />
</div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt;">Experimental work started in 1934 and in 1935 it was decided to amalgamate all the research for this new small turkey at the </span><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica; mso-bidi-font-size: 13.0pt;">United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) </span><span lang="EN" style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt;">Beltsville Agricultural Research Center (BARC).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-4H3yXQu5kYQ/Ta4eM0doR4I/AAAAAAAAAUY/NonvKzdnlaw/s1600/Beltsville_Small_White.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="259" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-4H3yXQu5kYQ/Ta4eM0doR4I/AAAAAAAAAUY/NonvKzdnlaw/s320/Beltsville_Small_White.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Beltsville Small White Tom<br />
Photo Source: Unknown</td></tr>
</tbody></table><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><br />
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</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;">On the left side of Poultry Road on the grounds of the </span><span lang="EN" style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt;">Beltsville Agricultural Research Center</span><span style="font-family: Verdana;">, four three-story buildings were located; U.S. Department of Agriculture Buildings 262–265. It was here that </span><span style="font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: Times;">Morley Jull, Theodore C. Byerly, Charles W. Knox, Stanley J. Marsden and others came together to conduct their research and experiments in the search for a smaller turkey. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN" style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt;">Marsden led the work that produced the new bird and for this reason he </span><span style="font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: Times;">later became known as the ‘Father of the Beltsville Small White’.</span><span lang="EN" style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;">From what is known, the scientists started with the following combination of turkey varieties: Standard Bronze (2 strains); Broad Breasted Bronze (1 strain); Charlevoix Bronze, a Canadian small-type Bronze, (1 strain); White Holland (4 strains); Black (1 strain); Narragansett (1 strain); wild (4 strains); and White Austrian (1 strain) a small-type turkey imported from Scotland specifically for this project. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt;"><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-FoRFzRMZ4bE/TayCM3MvuvI/AAAAAAAAAS4/KWCMyrla6sE/s1600/Standard+Bronze+Tom+1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="240" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-FoRFzRMZ4bE/TayCM3MvuvI/AAAAAAAAAS4/KWCMyrla6sE/s320/Standard+Bronze+Tom+1.jpg" style="cursor: move;" width="320" /></a></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="font-size: 13px; padding-top: 4px; text-align: center;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">Bronze Turkey Tom - Unimproved Bronze Strain</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">Photo Source: Unknown</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-QDHg_qOIVWI/TayCcsn7_4I/AAAAAAAAAS8/VRrGgkzDH2c/s1600/Broad+Breasted+Bronze.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-QDHg_qOIVWI/TayCcsn7_4I/AAAAAAAAAS8/VRrGgkzDH2c/s320/Broad+Breasted+Bronze.jpg" style="cursor: move;" width="286" /></a></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="font-size: 13px; padding-top: 4px; text-align: center;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">Bronze Turkey Tom - Broad Breasted Bronze strain</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">Photo Source: Unknown</div></td></tr>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; padding-bottom: 6px; padding-left: 6px; padding-right: 6px; padding-top: 6px; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-5GysXw6fxtY/TayDuPMJEcI/AAAAAAAAATM/fnzB9K9dt58/s1600/dindon+bonze.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-5GysXw6fxtY/TayDuPMJEcI/AAAAAAAAATM/fnzB9K9dt58/s1600/dindon+bonze.jpg" style="cursor: move;" /></a></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="font-size: 13px; padding-top: 4px; text-align: center;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">Bronze Turkey Tom - Charlevoix Strain</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">Photo Source: La Ferme de Lescaut</div></td></tr>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; padding-bottom: 6px; padding-left: 6px; padding-right: 6px; padding-top: 6px; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-5JSuEKxhWGg/TayCr4PdKXI/AAAAAAAAATA/ZieRSGL49ew/s1600/White+Holland+flock.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="207" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-5JSuEKxhWGg/TayCr4PdKXI/AAAAAAAAATA/ZieRSGL49ew/s320/White+Holland+flock.jpeg" style="cursor: move;" width="320" /></a></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="font-size: 13px; padding-top: 4px; text-align: center;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">White Holland Turkey Flock</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">Photo Source: Mother Earth News</div></td></tr>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; padding-bottom: 6px; padding-left: 6px; padding-right: 6px; padding-top: 6px; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-pvuW_ldNJrU/TayKvHd9UEI/AAAAAAAAATQ/TEu1jRevkQk/s1600/ark-prod-black_turkey-01.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="314" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-pvuW_ldNJrU/TayKvHd9UEI/AAAAAAAAATQ/TEu1jRevkQk/s320/ark-prod-black_turkey-01.jpg" style="cursor: move;" width="320" /></a></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="font-size: 13px; padding-top: 4px; text-align: center;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">Black Turkey Tom</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">Photo Source: Ark of Foods</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-m4eCANIczL0/TayC9llS17I/AAAAAAAAATI/fCK3fwOwFZg/s1600/Narragansett+Toms+1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="301" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-m4eCANIczL0/TayC9llS17I/AAAAAAAAATI/fCK3fwOwFZg/s320/Narragansett+Toms+1.jpg" style="cursor: move;" width="320" /></a></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="font-size: 13px; padding-top: 4px; text-align: center;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 24px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">Narragansett Turkey Toms<br />
Photo Source: Unknown</span></span></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-h5DcnuZ4Yuk/TayMCvke4cI/AAAAAAAAATY/BH0lJOxqy9M/s1600/Eastern+Wild+flock+1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="209" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-h5DcnuZ4Yuk/TayMCvke4cI/AAAAAAAAATY/BH0lJOxqy9M/s320/Eastern+Wild+flock+1.jpg" style="cursor: move;" width="320" /></a></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="font-size: 13px; padding-top: 4px; text-align: center;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">Eastern Wild Turkey Group</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">Photo Source: Unknown</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-ofh9ckVAKmU/TayLcWARb6I/AAAAAAAAATU/JaLeG6FoKPQ/s1600/www.genussland.at.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="240" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-ofh9ckVAKmU/TayLcWARb6I/AAAAAAAAATU/JaLeG6FoKPQ/s320/www.genussland.at.jpeg" style="cursor: move;" width="320" /></a></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="font-size: 13px; padding-top: 4px; text-align: center;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">"White Austrian"-Type Turkey Flock</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">Photo Source: Gennussland.at</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-AM_4Ox3zrdY/TayOs_4TtDI/AAAAAAAAATk/ukzYoH1awRM/s1600/BeltHen.JPEG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-AM_4Ox3zrdY/TayOs_4TtDI/AAAAAAAAATk/ukzYoH1awRM/s320/BeltHen.JPEG" style="cursor: move;" width="192" /></a></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="font-size: 13px; padding-top: 4px; text-align: center;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">Beltsville Small White Turkey Hen</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">Photo Source: Feathersite</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times;">Photo © Watt Publishing, courtesy <cite>Turkey World</cite> magazine, Dec. 1955 issue</span></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-LrkqHfl5xtc/TayNpDmqaEI/AAAAAAAAATc/0xibJrC2Bfo/s1600/Beltsville+Small+White+group+2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="230" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-LrkqHfl5xtc/TayNpDmqaEI/AAAAAAAAATc/0xibJrC2Bfo/s320/Beltsville+Small+White+group+2.jpg" style="cursor: move;" width="320" /></a></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="font-size: 13px; padding-top: 4px; text-align: center;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">Beltsville Small White Turkey Group</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">Photo Source: Black Feather Coop</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-TmQx5zBwOb0/TayN9sIARpI/AAAAAAAAATg/cUYyn35ZCIk/s1600/Beltsville+Small+White+poults.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="233" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-TmQx5zBwOb0/TayN9sIARpI/AAAAAAAAATg/cUYyn35ZCIk/s320/Beltsville+Small+White+poults.jpg" style="cursor: move;" width="320" /></a></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="font-size: 13px; padding-top: 4px; text-align: center;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">Beltsville Small White Turkey Poults</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">Photo Source: Unknown</div></td></tr>
</tbody></table><div style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><br />
</div></div></div><div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"></div></span><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;"></span><span lang="EN" style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt;">Even though darker feathered turkey varieties were used in the crosses, the ultimate goal was a white bird. Dark feathers usually meant a darker skin, something upon which consumers were not too keen. As well as being white and smaller than the commercial turkeys of the day, Marsden wanted the turkey to </span><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt;">appeal to consumers year-round not just a bird for holidays.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This was very important to maintain and increase the growth of the U.S. commercial turkey industry. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm;"><br />
</div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt;">Dr. Ed Buss, a professor of Poultry Science who taught at Pennsylvania State University made regular visits to Poultry Road during the heyday of Buildings 262–265, when the turkey scientists formed a devoted, highly specialized fraternity. In 2004, while talking to freelance journalist Maurice Martin, Dr. Buss told about numerous times up the scientists would be up all night observing and taking notes on the bird’s behavior.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt;">In 1941, the research team believed that they had attained their goal and the Beltsville Small White was introduced.</span><span lang="EN" style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt;"><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-ScV_eNniAhY/Ta4XgZl1G0I/AAAAAAAAAUA/r0ho-scIjqE/s1600/turkeys.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="262" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-ScV_eNniAhY/Ta4XgZl1G0I/AAAAAAAAAUA/r0ho-scIjqE/s320/turkeys.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Beltsville Small White Flock,<br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 5px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 5px; font-family: Times; font-size: small;">Beltsville Agricultural Research Center<br />
Photo Source: Unknown</span></td></tr>
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</div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;">The Beltsville Small White is a thick-bodied bird covered with snowy white plumage.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Its </span><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 13.0pt;">head is red to bluish-white with a horn-colored beak and dark brown eyes. </span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 13.0pt;"><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-zOnBz-Av0tU/Ta4e6vsTeFI/AAAAAAAAAUc/gQBM4W9X6tM/s1600/turkey1-300x199.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-zOnBz-Av0tU/Ta4e6vsTeFI/AAAAAAAAAUc/gQBM4W9X6tM/s1600/turkey1-300x199.jpg" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Beltsville Head Close-up<br />
Photo Source: Unknown</td></tr>
</tbody></table><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 13.0pt;"><br />
</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 13.0pt;"><br />
</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 13.0pt;">Shanks and toes are pinkish-white and the beard is a solid black. </span><span lang="EN" style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt;">It is a turkey that had a greater percentage of white meat than other varieties of the time and was also known for its excellent egg-laying abilities.</span><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 13.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm;"><br />
</div><blockquote>[Dr.] Buss remembers seeing Beltsville Small Whites at the spot they were created. He recalls it as Marsden’s greatest professional accomplishment, and a handsome bird as well. “It had a beautiful round breast and made an attractive presentation,” Buss says. “It didn’t hang over like today’s birds. It stood like a turkey.” - Martin</blockquote><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-9XS3nY1Ffgg/Ta4ZUcYlROI/AAAAAAAAAUI/mLO0bXa2cMU/s1600/Beltsvilles2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="189" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-9XS3nY1Ffgg/Ta4ZUcYlROI/AAAAAAAAAUI/mLO0bXa2cMU/s320/Beltsvilles2.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Four Month Old Beltsville Small White Group<br />
Photo Source: Black Feather Coop</td></tr>
</tbody></table><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 13.0pt;"><o:p><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br />
</span></o:p></span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 13.0pt;"><o:p><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br />
</span></o:p></span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 13.0pt;"><o:p><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">The American Livestock Breeds Conservancy quotes the weight of young Beltsville turkey hens at 10 pounds and young toms at 17 pounds. Bonnie Meikle, in her breed profile of the Beltsville Small White for the STPA Gobbler, states: </span></o:p></span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 13.0pt;"><o:p><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br />
</span></o:p></span></div><blockquote>“Prime market weights were 10 or 11 pounds for hens, and 17 to 20 pounds for toms. Some were slaughtered at lighter weights as 'fryer' turkeys at 5 to 7 pounds live weight.” </blockquote><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 13.0pt;"><o:p><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN"><br />
</span></span></o:p></span></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-v6ls7NggHq0/Ta4WpOh2TVI/AAAAAAAAAT8/vtV0sEs2lQY/s1600/main-beltsville.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-v6ls7NggHq0/Ta4WpOh2TVI/AAAAAAAAAT8/vtV0sEs2lQY/s1600/main-beltsville.jpg" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Beltsville Small Turkeys<br />
Photo Source: Planet Green</td></tr>
</tbody></table><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 13.0pt;"><o:p><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN"><br />
</span></span></o:p></span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 13.0pt;"><o:p><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN"><br />
</span></span></o:p></span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 13.0pt;"><o:p><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN">However, according to Julie Long, a research physiologist for BARC’s biotechnology and germplasm laboratory,</span></span> </o:p></span></div><blockquote style="text-align: left;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana;"> </span></blockquote><blockquote>“… a Beltsville Small White hen weighed between 6 and 8 pounds, a tom between 12 and 14. “That’s about 10 pounds lighter than the other breeds [of that time],” she says.” - Martin</blockquote><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt;">The Beltsville Small White became a success almost from the minute go. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Times; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt;">Because the primary goal of its development was for it to be commercially mass-produced, the U.S.D.A. sent stock to its various centers and to its counterpart state experimental research stations throughout the United States. These centers then distributed the Beltsvilles to commercial turkey breeders. As well, stock was sent to various universities and institutions that ran poultry programs.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Times; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-rW4wJUWHJ3M/Ta4U_26fDJI/AAAAAAAAAT4/Sy_5FliSPkE/s1600/1950_8.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="209" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-rW4wJUWHJ3M/Ta4U_26fDJI/AAAAAAAAAT4/Sy_5FliSPkE/s320/1950_8.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 5px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 5px; font-family: Times; font-size: small;">Flock of Beltsville Small White Turkeys, <br />
Beltsville Agricultural Research Center<br />
<em>Photo Source: Photo Unit, Agricultural Research Service</em></span></td></tr>
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</div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;">In 1947, the Beltsville Small White made its commercial debut</span><span lang="EN" style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt;">, marketed not as just “turkey” but as a “Beltsville White”, </span><span style="font-family: Verdana;">the only turkey that has ever been sold in stores by its variety name.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This marketing ploy helped the Beltsville attain an almost celebrity status.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It </span><span lang="EN" style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt;">quickly became </span><span style="font-family: Verdana;">very popular with consumers, so much so that in 1952, only 5 years after its commercial introduction, over 15 million were sold in supermarkets across the U.S. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;"><br />
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</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 13.0pt;">The Beltsville Small White turkey’s success was short lived; the height of its popularity came in the mid-1950s.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Unfortunately for the Beltsville, another more meaty white turkey, the Broad Breasted White, was cornering the marketplace.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It was the beginning of the end for the Beltsville Small White.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 13.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><br />
</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 13.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><br />
</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 13.0pt;">There were a couple of factors that led to the Beltseville White’s downfall and subsequent near extinction.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>First</span><span lang="EN" style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt;">, the commercial turkey breeders didn’t keep the Beltsvilles up to standard to which they were first bred. Often it was crossbred with other turkeys resulting in a much more inferior bird. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Consumers were then presented with an inferior carcas, perhaps not having as much good tender meat as was expected from the Beltsville Whites. Another factor is that </span><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Times; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt;">Beltsvilles take a longer time to reach their mature roasting weight – approximately 24 to 26 weeks – whereas the new </span><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 13.0pt;">“avian SUV’s” can reach their weights at a much earlier age.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They also average over three times the slaughter weight of the Beltsvilles, with one company (Tyson Foods Inc.) actually having reported a slaughter weight of over 100 lbs. (</span><span lang="EN" style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt;">Kucharski, 2004)</span><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 13.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt;">As well, although the Beltsville Small Whites fit the niche for the family market, the hotel and restaurant trade never really accepted them.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They wanted bigger birds – more slices of meat for the buck so to speak.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Add to this the shift away from the family farm and small producers to the growing monopoly of the industry by a few players. So, once again the turkey industry shifted its focus, this time back to a bigger bird, one that could still be slaughtered at a young age and have a reasonable amount of meat on the caracas and yet could also be raised to a larger size for that particular market.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The new Broad Breasted Whites were the answer for the industry and by</span><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 13.0pt;"> 1965, they had cornered a large portion of the turkey market.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In 2004, Broad Breasted Whites accounted for over 90% of the estimated 263 million plus turkeys sold commercially in the United States.</span><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt;"> <span lang="EN"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 13.0pt;"><br />
</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-yb0zWr1BNzI/Ta4iAF0xijI/AAAAAAAAAUw/kVTZ1Yhn2-8/s1600/GRT-ND10-beltsville-small-white_resized600X400.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-yb0zWr1BNzI/Ta4iAF0xijI/AAAAAAAAAUw/kVTZ1Yhn2-8/s320/GRT-ND10-beltsville-small-white_resized600X400.jpg" width="248" /></a></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm;"><br />
</div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm;"><br />
</div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt;">It is interesting to note here that the Beltsville Small Whites themselves played a part in the creation of the Broad Breated Whites.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As well, they contributed to the genetic makeup of other strains of commercial turkeys, but none of these would ever gain the popularity of the Beltsvilles or the Broad Breasted Whites. Nor were these strains <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>a breed in the same sense as the Beltsville Small White, because creating and maintaining a purebred standard would return no profit. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm;"><br />
</div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt;">The following are two quotes showing how the commercial industry has changed:<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm;"><br />
</div><blockquote> “Today, three companies control the commercial breed—Nicholas Turkeys, British United Turkeys, and Hybrid Turkeys,” says Long. “Each company’s birds have different characteristics, and the exact mix of breeds used to create them is highly confidential, proprietary information.” - Julie Long (2004)</blockquote><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 28.0pt 56.0pt 84.0pt 112.0pt 140.0pt 168.0pt 196.0pt 224.0pt 252.0pt 280.0pt 308.0pt 336.0pt; text-autospace: none;"><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-0pGu6co4UVg/Ta4fTLNJJpI/AAAAAAAAAUg/oJESAO1eVWk/s1600/white_turkeys.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="213" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-0pGu6co4UVg/Ta4fTLNJJpI/AAAAAAAAAUg/oJESAO1eVWk/s320/white_turkeys.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Broad Breasted White Turkey strain - Young Birds<br />
Photo Source: Unknown</td></tr>
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</o:p></span></div><blockquote>“... only two international companies own most commercial turkey genetics, Aviagen, based in the United Kingdom, and Hybrid, based in Canada. Aviagen now owns the genetic resources of two previously significant commercial companies, Nicholas, from California, and British United Turkeys (BUT) from the United Kingdom. BUT had an American operation, including a breeding farm based in West Virginia. Both Nicholas and BUT offered multiple strains. When Nicholas bought BUT of America in 2004, the American breeding stock was destroyed. Aviagen subsequently purchased Nicholas. As of February 2009, the Aviagen website only offered two strains from each company for sale. This story is of great importance because it shows just how quickly genetic resources can be lost.” – A.L.B.C. “Selecting Your Best Turkeys For Breeding” (2009)</blockquote><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 13.0pt;">By the early 1970’s, when the researchers and scientist at the </span><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica; mso-bidi-font-size: 13.0pt;">United States Department of Agriculture </span><span lang="EN" style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt;">Beltsville Agricultural Research Center dispersed of their flock, </span><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 13.0pt;">the “pure” Beltsville was nearly extinct. It was mainly found in the flocks of a few individual breeders, poultry exhibitors and a couple of universities.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 13.0pt;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 13.0pt;">Turkey Census</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 13.0pt;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 13.0pt;">According to the 1999 SPPA Turkey Census Report:<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><blockquote>“Beltsville Small White: Only two flocks have been located, one in the U.S. and one in Canada. The U.S. flock is owned by the government and has been housed within a biologically controlled building. They have not been exposed to any common environmental germs or diseases since 1961 and may not be able to survive in a normal farm setting. The Canadian flock is similar in that it is not available to anyone other than the educational facility that owns them. I have been told that the Canadian flock has hens that lay fertile eggs even when no toms have mated with them, producing all male offspring. When toms are mated with the hens the 50/50 sex ratio occurs as normal.** All of the turkeys listed in breeder catalogs as Beltsville Whites can be traced back to the University of Wisconsin which has White Midgets [Midget White].”</blockquote><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 13.0pt;">The U.S. flock was subsequently sent to California </span><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Georgia; mso-bidi-font-size: 13.0pt;">where they were studied for their superior fertility that would ocassionally produce a poult via parthenogenisis. They were also crossed to Cornish and Rhode Island Red roosters and produced several live hybrids that lived for quite some time. </span><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 13.0pt;">Subsequently, the last pure flock of Beltsvilles remained, not in the United States, but in Canada, where they were kept and studied at the University of Guelph. (Shuck)<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 13.0pt;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 13.0pt;"><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-kaJ2n9KJiyE/Ta4f4fCowzI/AAAAAAAAAUk/TbCYnjm0PTg/s1600/Beltsville-white-turkey-hens.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="256" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-kaJ2n9KJiyE/Ta4f4fCowzI/AAAAAAAAAUk/TbCYnjm0PTg/s320/Beltsville-white-turkey-hens.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Beltsville Small White Turkey Hens<br />
Photo Source: Unknown</td></tr>
</tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 13.0pt;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Bill Braden, an Ontario Poultry fancier, was able to obtain stock from the University of Guelph.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Most of the lines currently raised in Canada can be traced back to his stock. Another breeder in Quebec also received stock from the Univeristy of Guelph and this is supposedly unrelated to what I refer to as the Braden Strain.</span><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 13.0pt;"> <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 13.0pt;">In recent years there has been a revival of interest in this variety. Efforts are underway to locate and conserve any remnant flocks in the United States and Canada. </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana;">Designated as "critically endangered" by Rare Breeds Canada and the American Livestock Breeds Conservancy, Beltsville Small White turkeys are the ideal choice for the small or hobby farm.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They are a recognized exhibition turkey variety by the American Poultry Association having been admitted to the Standard of Perfection in 1953.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They are said to be gentle and friendly, hence perfect for 4H projects or the younger crowd.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-IGaxzf8CF5s/Ta4ZZGoVS8I/AAAAAAAAAUQ/9PMJ417xTn8/s1600/Beltsvilles4.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="154" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-IGaxzf8CF5s/Ta4ZZGoVS8I/AAAAAAAAAUQ/9PMJ417xTn8/s320/Beltsvilles4.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Beltsville Small White Flock<br />
Photo Source: Black Feather Coop</td></tr>
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</div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt;">More Information About U.S.D.A. </span><span style="font-family: Verdana;">Harry A. Wallace Beltsville Agricultural Research Center:<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;"><br />
</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-RE0osuGplIw/Ta4gmnEsa7I/AAAAAAAAAUo/SQuhQXOCmVQ/s1600/usda_ars_spelledout_white_on_green.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="91" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-RE0osuGplIw/Ta4gmnEsa7I/AAAAAAAAAUo/SQuhQXOCmVQ/s400/usda_ars_spelledout_white_on_green.gif" width="400" /></a></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;"><br />
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<div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;">According to the U.S.D.A. website (http://www.ars.usda.gov/main/main.htm), the Harry A. Wallace Beltsville Agricultural Research Center</span><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica; mso-bidi-font-size: 13.0pt;"> is </span><span style="font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">“The World’s Largest Most Diversified Agricultural Research Complex”. </span><span lang="EN" style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt;">It is world reknown as the home of impressive turkey pioneering.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;">Research in the Beltsville Area is carried out through programs in the Plant Sciences Institute, the Animal and Natural Resources Institute, the Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, and the U.S. National Arboretum. The Abraham Lincoln Building of the National Agricultural Library is also located there.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt;">A list of innovations that have come out of the 7,000-acre facility includie the Roma tomato, the aerosol spray can, and DEET insect repellent. Yet one development outshines them all: the creation of the Beltsville Small White turkey.</span><span style="font-family: Verdana;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><br />
</div><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">In recent years and of interest to poultry men worldwide is the fact that it is here that </span><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">Geneticist Hans Cheng and colleagues at the ARS Avian Disease and Oncology Laboratory used the DNA of the Red Jungle Fowl line combined with that of a White Leghorn chicken to create a genetic map of the chicken.</span><!--EndFragment--> </div><div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12pt;"><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-spxNhiq3IIs/TaxoLadnkfI/AAAAAAAAASw/XNURm0twiPA/s1600/Gallus_gallus%252C_red_jungle_fowl%252CI_TS604.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-spxNhiq3IIs/TaxoLadnkfI/AAAAAAAAASw/XNURm0twiPA/s1600/Gallus_gallus%252C_red_jungle_fowl%252CI_TS604.jpg" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Gallus gallus - Red Jungle Fowl<br />
Photo Source: Discover Life</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-9cgkvRE7y78/TaxoRYROGII/AAAAAAAAAS0/UmRPYdsP6jU/s1600/leghorns.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="240" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-9cgkvRE7y78/TaxoRYROGII/AAAAAAAAAS0/UmRPYdsP6jU/s320/leghorns.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">White Leghorns<br />
Photo Source: Chickens By Design</span></td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-71JZG5zPZeE/Taxd5H0h0aI/AAAAAAAAASk/tjSro4GNvLU/s1600/k8764-1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="400" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-71JZG5zPZeE/Taxd5H0h0aI/AAAAAAAAASk/tjSro4GNvLU/s400/k8764-1.jpg" width="266" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, Geneva, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">Chicks atop a picture of a genetic map of a chicken. The chicken genome has 39 pairs of chromosomes, whereas the human genome contains 23 pairs.</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, Geneva, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, Geneva, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">Photo Source: U.S.D.A.</span></span></span></td></tr>
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</span></div><div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12pt;"> <!--StartFragment--> </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12pt;"><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Verdana;">Special thanks to Mr. </span><span lang="EN" style="font-family: Verdana; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt;">Maurice Martin and Mr. Dean Shuck for providing additional information.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">**“Observations on ploidy of cells and on reproductive performance in parthenogenetic turkeys” - by G. Cassar, T.M. John and R. J. Etches;<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Guelph, Ontario, Canada published in Poultry Science</span><span style="font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><!--EndFragment--> </span></div><div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12pt;"> </span><br />
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</div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm;"><br />
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</div></span></div></span>Cameronhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17660301478540340621noreply@blogger.com8tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4871362593993053377.post-19603460628702156942011-04-17T13:07:00.002-07:002011-04-18T18:08:31.054-07:00Steinbacher Geese<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 14pt;">Steinbacher Geese<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-xmpgYoJUnAA/TasdIlHSiKI/AAAAAAAAARs/tuLMHqoLPL0/s1600/4827ek9_20.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-xmpgYoJUnAA/TasdIlHSiKI/AAAAAAAAARs/tuLMHqoLPL0/s320/4827ek9_20.jpeg" width="240" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Steinbacher - Gander<br />
Photo Source: kleinanzeigen.ebay.de</td></tr>
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</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana;">Some varieties of geese were once bred for fighting in Russia and parts of Europe, but unlike their smaller poultry counterparts, goose fighting did not gain a reputation as a “blood sport”. I am not talking about ganders fighting during the mating season or to protect young when they can be somewhat vicious and aggressive. Rather, traditional goose fighting might be described as “Goose Sumo Wrestling”. It looks violent, but damage is usually limited to plucked feathers and bruised wings.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;"><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-0ml3PEGQYj4/TasKSHV9MJI/AAAAAAAAARA/YpmGsZ4OtLw/s1600/goose-fight.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="240" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-0ml3PEGQYj4/TasKSHV9MJI/AAAAAAAAARA/YpmGsZ4OtLw/s320/goose-fight.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Traditional Goose Fight - a.k.a. Goose Sumo<br />
Photo Credit: "Spooky"</td></tr>
</tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;">The Steinbacher Goose is a fighting variety that originated in the </span><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;">Thuringia region of Germany. </span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"><br />
</span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/--eWGooUO4wc/TasZs-cme6I/AAAAAAAAARk/u5DO2_17Ya8/s1600/map_german_states.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/--eWGooUO4wc/TasZs-cme6I/AAAAAAAAARk/u5DO2_17Ya8/s400/map_german_states.gif" width="296" /></a></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"><br />
</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"><br />
</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;">In its homeland, the breed is known as the Steinbacher Kampfgänse (Steinbacher Fighting Goose). </span><span style="font-family: Verdana;">What first perked my interest in the Steinbacher was not their fighting past, but that they are one of the few varieties of poultry to breed true in the blue colour variety. Add to this is their rather unique look.</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-xhx4V-sMCWY/TaseDuXxtYI/AAAAAAAAARw/TqA3swXplSs/s1600/11460768.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="185" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-xhx4V-sMCWY/TaseDuXxtYI/AAAAAAAAARw/TqA3swXplSs/s320/11460768.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Steinbacher - Head Close-up<br />
Photo Source: fotocommunity.de</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-FHyFFtqjEmc/Tase2ERyrbI/AAAAAAAAAR0/RoWroWZ4CN4/s1600/f68ba324bdf906bfffff8007fffffff2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="213" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-FHyFFtqjEmc/Tase2ERyrbI/AAAAAAAAAR0/RoWroWZ4CN4/s320/f68ba324bdf906bfffff8007fffffff2.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Steinbacher - Pair<br />
Photo Source: burenzucht-winter.com</td></tr>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana;"> </span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 20.0pt; margin-bottom: 12.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;">As is evident from the above close-up shot of the head, the most distinctive features of the Steinbacher, </span><span style="font-family: Verdana;">other than the pale lavender-blue plumage (blue coloured variety), are</span><span style="font-family: Verdana;"> its bright orange bill with the serated edging outlined with black, a black bean (at the end of the bill), and an orange ring around the eye, almost giving it the appearance of “wearing black lipstick and orange eye shadow”. The orange “eye shadow” highlights the darkness of the eye. </span><span style="font-family: Verdana;"> The head and bill are relatively short giving it a powerful if somewhat mean-looking appearance. The neck is long, straight and graceful</span><span style="font-family: Verdana;"> connecting to broad, full shoulders with a medium length, broad back, slightly sloping towards the tail. Steinbachers do not possess</span><span style="font-family: Verdana;"> keel or dewlap and the birds have a relatively upright carriage.</span><span style="font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="font-family: Verdana;">They have orange legs and feet.<o:p></o:p></span></div></span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-AHvYrLhfCs4/TasrfgXF4SI/AAAAAAAAAR4/nUUHwglG7cE/s1600/Scan022.preview.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="342" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-AHvYrLhfCs4/TasrfgXF4SI/AAAAAAAAAR4/nUUHwglG7cE/s400/Scan022.preview.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Steinbacher - Pair with Goslings (front); Older Goslings (rear)<br />
Photo Source: meiertanja.com</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-KdFVO6zh2Uo/Tassaqfx-PI/AAAAAAAAAR8/wLxFuSJ5YOM/s1600/GaenseSumiswald.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="283" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-KdFVO6zh2Uo/Tassaqfx-PI/AAAAAAAAAR8/wLxFuSJ5YOM/s320/GaenseSumiswald.JPG" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Steinbacher - Young Trio<br />
Photo Source: kleintierehueberhuettli.ch</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-f-RPU2OnBOA/Tasvn1lX0aI/AAAAAAAAASA/lPt1rruaIx4/s1600/abc.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="245" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-f-RPU2OnBOA/Tasvn1lX0aI/AAAAAAAAASA/lPt1rruaIx4/s400/abc.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Steinbacher - Young flock<br />
Photo Source: Weihnert's Kleintierzucht.</td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"> </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;">Not yet accepted by the American Poultry Association, the Steinbacher was accepted into the German Poultry Standards in 1932 where it is found in Blue, Grey, Buff, Cream.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;"><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-MeNuaCnabp8/Tas8iBJT2gI/AAAAAAAAASM/1qSbKrRNz7w/s1600/DSCF1454.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="229" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-MeNuaCnabp8/Tas8iBJT2gI/AAAAAAAAASM/1qSbKrRNz7w/s320/DSCF1454.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Steinbacher - Grey Group<br />
Photo Source: S. Leggett</td></tr>
</tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;">The Steinbacher </span><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;">is the most recent goose breed added to the U.K. Domestic Waterfowl Standards, being admitted in 1997. </span><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;">Steinbachers do not have a long history in Great Britain, probably first introduced from Germany in the 1980s</span><span style="font-family: Verdana;"> and are found mainly in the Blue and Grey colour varieties. </span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-Onxd9OpE-J4/TaySycHzvJI/AAAAAAAAATo/T6QJUz1iex4/s1600/steinbacher+1.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-Onxd9OpE-J4/TaySycHzvJI/AAAAAAAAATo/T6QJUz1iex4/s320/steinbacher+1.JPG" width="319" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Steinbacher - Blue Pair<br />
Photo Source: Courtesy of Linda Dick (www.ducksforfun.co.uk)</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-t75JS99tacI/TayS1Cm4LzI/AAAAAAAAATs/-1_0oVbzkt4/s1600/steinbacher+2.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="220" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-t75JS99tacI/TayS1Cm4LzI/AAAAAAAAATs/-1_0oVbzkt4/s320/steinbacher+2.JPG" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Steinbacher - Blue Goslings with Ducklings<br />
Photo Source: Courtesy of Linda Dick (www.ducksforfun.co.uk)</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-KmBv1_ntt5w/TayS4ijma_I/AAAAAAAAATw/Xr8ZD_PTAZ4/s1600/steinbacher+3.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="159" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-KmBv1_ntt5w/TayS4ijma_I/AAAAAAAAATw/Xr8ZD_PTAZ4/s320/steinbacher+3.JPG" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Steinbacher - Blue Goslings<br />
Photo Source: Courtesy of Linda Dick (www.ducksforfun.co.uk)</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-V6lHO3hK8Gk/Tas4Nk0y8VI/AAAAAAAAASE/uH09wcJVIhQ/s1600/09.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="239" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-V6lHO3hK8Gk/Tas4Nk0y8VI/AAAAAAAAASE/uH09wcJVIhQ/s320/09.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Steinbacher - Grey Colour Variety<br />
Photo Source: <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: x-small;">VHGW-Verbandsschau 2010 in Eisen</span> </td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-1XEx6s7Vj50/Tas6AXBoFEI/AAAAAAAAASI/7528n3TKFJ8/s1600/09-1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="239" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-1XEx6s7Vj50/Tas6AXBoFEI/AAAAAAAAASI/7528n3TKFJ8/s320/09-1.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Steinbacher Row at Poultry Show in Neresheim, Germany<br />
Photo Source: Mayer-Eugen</td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small; line-height: normal;"><br />
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</span></div><blockquote>“There is some controversy over the most desirable paunch for the Steinbacher. It is generally agreed that in young birds, that there be little sign of a paunch. In older birds or females after they have layed, the German Standard specifies a single lobed paunch while the British Standard calls for a double lobed paunch. Since the breed originated in Germany, I would think that a single lobed paunch in older birds would reflect what the original foundation stock possessed. In terms of weight ranges, the German Standard calls for old birds to be in the 15-17 lb. range while the British Standard specifies weights from 13-16 lbs.” – American Waterfowl Judge, Mr. Lou Horton</blockquote><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;">Steinbacher Geese have an even shorter history in North America, having first been imported in 2004 directly from Germany by Mr. and Mrs. Krebs of Steinbacher Poultry Farm in Michigan (steinbacherfarm.vpweb.com). </span>So far, they are only found in the Blue colour variety in North America.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 20.0pt; margin-bottom: 12.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">* The Krebs family successfully showed a Blue Steinbacher, winning Best of Rare Breeds at the 2007 Ohio National show.</span><o:p></o:p></span></div><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-fV-InA-alzc/TatBZAFuo9I/AAAAAAAAASU/2GSbC8zIuZs/s1600/Blue+Steinbacher+Pair-young+3.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="240" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-fV-InA-alzc/TatBZAFuo9I/AAAAAAAAASU/2GSbC8zIuZs/s320/Blue+Steinbacher+Pair-young+3.jpeg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Steinbacher - Young Blue Pair<br />
Photo Source: Unknown</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-trXsV_jzN8U/TatB8rGuL2I/AAAAAAAAASY/AfyabgWBOdw/s1600/Blue+Steinbacher+Trio+3.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-trXsV_jzN8U/TatB8rGuL2I/AAAAAAAAASY/AfyabgWBOdw/s1600/Blue+Steinbacher+Trio+3.jpg" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Steinbacher - Blue Trio<br />
Photo Source:</td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana;"></span><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;">Although its origins are not well documented, it is believed that the Steinbacher is the result of a fusion of eastern and western varieties of geese; the probable mix being the Chinese, assorted local geese - Landgansschläge (their origins derived from the Western Greylag), and most likely a cross with the Tula, the most famous of the Russian fighting geese varieties. I would hazard a guess that the “true blue” breeding is a result of also entering into this mixture the </span><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;">Fränkische Landgans, the only other European true blue breeding variety (also German). <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 150%;"><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-d69Lz-4Q-OY/Tasa0l_LFJI/AAAAAAAAARo/d-oOFP-jYVo/s1600/48773764.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="213" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-d69Lz-4Q-OY/Tasa0l_LFJI/AAAAAAAAARo/d-oOFP-jYVo/s320/48773764.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 24px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">Fränkische Landgans - Gander</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"> Photo Source: katzen.deine-tierwelt.de</span></span></td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-KWIUxlfpnJU/TatAaMVxO0I/AAAAAAAAASQ/jp71zgp0SRE/s1600/TulaHeadFemale.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-KWIUxlfpnJU/TatAaMVxO0I/AAAAAAAAASQ/jp71zgp0SRE/s1600/TulaHeadFemale.jpg" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Tula - Female Head<br />
Photo Source: Unknown</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-z9_ioic1za0/TatDHcWIjBI/AAAAAAAAASg/NNZDISZLjRw/s1600/steinbachtrio.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="224" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-z9_ioic1za0/TatDHcWIjBI/AAAAAAAAASg/NNZDISZLjRw/s320/steinbachtrio.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Steinbacher - Blue Trio Rear Shot<br />
Photo Source: Unknown</td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana;"> <span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12pt;">Steinbachers have never been bred for high productivity and there is quite a variable difference in egg laying and breeding life amongst the various strains. The goose can be also quite erratic as far as being broody. However, they are excellent parents and will fiercely defend their young. If keeping Steinbachers with other breeds of waterfowl, it is wise to separate them out during mating season, when the ganders become known for their aggressive protection of their mates and subsequent young.</span> </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Verdana;">Although Steinbachers were originally bred for fighting, they </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 16px;">are also said to make excellent pets, being confident and affectionate birds with calm dispositions. They seem to love human contact with the goslings being quite the curious lot. In North America, their rare availability has limited them from filling this niche. Hopefully, they will become more widely distributed. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12pt;"> </span> </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;"><b>Traditional Goose Fighting</b><o:p></o:p></span></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;">The history of goose fighting goes back almost 400 years and was once very popular with the peasant classes of Russia and Eastern Europe. In fact, until the early 1900’s when it was banned in most of Europe, holding goose fights was almost an annual tradition for small villages and farm communities. Today, it is still popular in parts of Russia with some rural villages still hosting their annual Goose Festival (a.k.a Annual Goose Fight). The following is a description of one such event in Russia.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;"><br />
</span></div><blockquote>Every year, the people of Suzdal, a small Russian town north-east of Moscow, gather at the Museum of Wooden Architecture, for the traditional goose fight. Locals form a circle that acts as the circle of the fighting ring, and the geese are simply unleashed. Apparently, the colder the winter, the more aggressive the birds. This year the temperatures were way below zero, so the geese started fighting almost instantly. Two families are released into the ring, but only two geese take part in the actual confrontation, with the rest of the parties doing all the cheering. But this isn’t as violent as it may look. Unlike cockfights or <a href="http://www.odditycentral.com/pics/fighting-ouzels.html"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;">ouzel fights</span></a>, goose fighting is a lot more gentle, resulting in only a few plucked feathers.</blockquote><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-1lEd-SR8qCQ/TasKUXLYH7I/AAAAAAAAARE/9xBlDBjJPtY/s1600/goose-fight2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="212" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-1lEd-SR8qCQ/TasKUXLYH7I/AAAAAAAAARE/9xBlDBjJPtY/s320/goose-fight2.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-t9XnQRGTaOg/TasKXb8yVPI/AAAAAAAAARI/x9abNyrXZKw/s1600/goose-fight3.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="212" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-t9XnQRGTaOg/TasKXb8yVPI/AAAAAAAAARI/x9abNyrXZKw/s320/goose-fight3.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-tYoC6Wyaino/TasKaEgGJuI/AAAAAAAAARM/_RsPO9AhSMU/s1600/goose-fight4.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="212" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-tYoC6Wyaino/TasKaEgGJuI/AAAAAAAAARM/_RsPO9AhSMU/s320/goose-fight4.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-XbGrxNKVH04/TasKiUOD-mI/AAAAAAAAARQ/ykyPfHaXhM0/s1600/goose-fight5.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="212" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-XbGrxNKVH04/TasKiUOD-mI/AAAAAAAAARQ/ykyPfHaXhM0/s320/goose-fight5.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-hdPRtwQOaxw/TasKk84KIpI/AAAAAAAAARU/t2p-BfzM3jk/s1600/goose-fight6.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="212" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-hdPRtwQOaxw/TasKk84KIpI/AAAAAAAAARU/t2p-BfzM3jk/s320/goose-fight6.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-usP8O2LgdqM/TasKnbGILLI/AAAAAAAAARY/bDOsomvxS4k/s1600/goose-fight7.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="212" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-usP8O2LgdqM/TasKnbGILLI/AAAAAAAAARY/bDOsomvxS4k/s320/goose-fight7.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-rN3P7EkH5hs/TasKt6KFIWI/AAAAAAAAARc/w22aKVqsZkY/s1600/goose-fight8.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="212" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-rN3P7EkH5hs/TasKt6KFIWI/AAAAAAAAARc/w22aKVqsZkY/s320/goose-fight8.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-k7RMwcWFUjc/TasKyHWppGI/AAAAAAAAARg/mGd6mpp2vIc/s1600/goose-fight9.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="212" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-k7RMwcWFUjc/TasKyHWppGI/AAAAAAAAARg/mGd6mpp2vIc/s320/goose-fight9.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><div style="text-align: right;"><div style="text-align: center;"> Story and Photo Credits - "Spooky"</div></div>Cameronhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17660301478540340621noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4871362593993053377.post-21475286693434378482011-04-10T14:51:00.000-07:002011-04-10T14:51:03.513-07:00Standard Old English Game Fowl<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-k3gYur9KRHE/TaB8ZfWDw-I/AAAAAAAAALU/lTvJo022NcI/s1600/a%2526oeg_clip_image001_0009.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;"><img border="0" height="136" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-k3gYur9KRHE/TaB8ZfWDw-I/AAAAAAAAALU/lTvJo022NcI/s400/a%2526oeg_clip_image001_0009.jpg" width="400" /></span></span></a></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-CsesXwCn7Tc/TaIdICGybyI/AAAAAAAAAP0/6RDcGG_aB0c/s1600/ch7.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-CsesXwCn7Tc/TaIdICGybyI/AAAAAAAAAP0/6RDcGG_aB0c/s320/ch7.jpg" width="282" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Golden Duckwing OEG Cock</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-GwIBNuUlRNA/TaIdZbqOZjI/AAAAAAAAAP4/0V6TXTphV3g/s1600/Wheaten+Hen+2.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="213" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-GwIBNuUlRNA/TaIdZbqOZjI/AAAAAAAAAP4/0V6TXTphV3g/s320/Wheaten+Hen+2.JPG" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Wheaten OEG Hen</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-prTe2Epall8/TaIdqpVxjXI/AAAAAAAAAP8/wHdsVaVPLOQ/s1600/Best_ginger_at_oxford.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="213" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-prTe2Epall8/TaIdqpVxjXI/AAAAAAAAAP8/wHdsVaVPLOQ/s320/Best_ginger_at_oxford.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Oxford Style Ginger OEG Cock</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-GlIsmU6mm4k/TaIeDmUJM3I/AAAAAAAAAQA/oUCKut1sPgI/s1600/Black+Breasted+Red+Hen.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="213" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-GlIsmU6mm4k/TaIeDmUJM3I/AAAAAAAAAQA/oUCKut1sPgI/s320/Black+Breasted+Red+Hen.JPG" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Black Breasted Red OEG Hen</td></tr>
</tbody></table><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">When I mention this blog to my father, he always asks me. "Have you done one on the Old English Game? Standard, not Bantam! You know I'm not interested in chickens other than Old English Game..." And each time he says this, I promise him that I will soon write one up - just for him. My father has been around poultry all of his life, and pigeons for more than seventy years. He has frequently told me that during his childhood and youth in Jamaica, he often visited an uncle who kept Old English Game, thus the interest in "only" this breed. So, to my father, and other Old English Game fanciers, this post is dedicated.</span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-k9uL37L85JQ/TaD6S1j7v5I/AAAAAAAAAMw/6yeIbZEpAW0/s1600/Cards+1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;"><img border="0" height="210" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-k9uL37L85JQ/TaD6S1j7v5I/AAAAAAAAAMw/6yeIbZEpAW0/s400/Cards+1.jpg" width="400" /></span></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">OEG Poultry Cards - Available from Poultry New Zealand (www.poultrynz.com)</span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">Photo Source: Poultry New Zealand</span></span></td></tr>
</tbody></table><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">The history of fighting Game fowl goes back to almost as far as mankind's recorded history. In various cultures the world over, Game fowl has represented courage and strength. The Old English Game is probably the oldest of the British breeds of chickens. It is a direct descendant of the ancient fighting roosters brought in by the Roman invaders.</span><br />
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-SBSu7lEM4GM/TaDiVObVxNI/AAAAAAAAAMk/KLi0D97G2zs/s1600/1343499.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; display: inline !important; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;"><img border="0" height="179" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-SBSu7lEM4GM/TaDiVObVxNI/AAAAAAAAAMk/KLi0D97G2zs/s320/1343499.jpg" width="320" /></span></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">Roman Mosaic found in Pompeii - Photo Source: ganoi.com</span></span></td></tr>
</tbody></table><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Some historians credit Julius Caesar, a huge enthusiast of cockfighting, with the introduction into Britain of not only cockfighting, but also the lineage of the fighting birds that would become the ancestors of the Old English Game. These birds were apparently sourced from within the Roman and Gaul empires.</span><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-Cel-WaDPC5s/TaEVIR7IGEI/AAAAAAAAANc/lxY4-CK-6yk/s1600/BLR+Cockd.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;"><img border="0" height="240" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-Cel-WaDPC5s/TaEVIR7IGEI/AAAAAAAAANc/lxY4-CK-6yk/s320/BLR+Cockd.jpeg" width="320" /></span></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">Black Breasted Red OEG Cock</span></span></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">Photo Source: Unknown</span></span></div></td></tr>
</tbody></table><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-6uSEb1bacGE/TaEC-acCcPI/AAAAAAAAAM4/TUGFZ3UehXs/s1600/Black+Breasted+Red+Hen.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;"><img border="0" height="213" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-6uSEb1bacGE/TaEC-acCcPI/AAAAAAAAAM4/TUGFZ3UehXs/s320/Black+Breasted+Red+Hen.JPG" width="320" /></span></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">Black Breasted Red OEG Hen</span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">Photo Source: Unknown</span></span></td></tr>
</tbody></table><div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br />
</span><br />
<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-mHsf6h9YiFQ/TaDsLu7XwiI/AAAAAAAAAMs/YbCUbb5ui7E/s1600/cockandhen.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;"><img border="0" height="250" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-mHsf6h9YiFQ/TaDsLu7XwiI/AAAAAAAAAMs/YbCUbb5ui7E/s320/cockandhen.jpg" width="320" /></span></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">Black Breasted Red OEG Pair</span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">Photo Source: Unknown</span></span></td></tr>
</tbody></table><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">One cannot talk about Game Fowl without talking about cockfighting, the pros and cons of which will not be discussed. However, it is important to realize that the history of the Old English Game corresponds to the history of cockfighting in Britain.</span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-9fUrN_CqwgA/TaIcOqkoK6I/AAAAAAAAAPs/_hKE9VpZBgI/s1600/IMG_0143.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-9fUrN_CqwgA/TaIcOqkoK6I/AAAAAAAAAPs/_hKE9VpZBgI/s320/IMG_0143.jpg" width="213" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Head Close Up of a Blue Breasted Red OEG Cock<br />
Photo Source: Unknown</td></tr>
</tbody></table><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-GlFy7SdPH4U/TaIcxnOnwnI/AAAAAAAAAPw/5ULfaGwadMc/s1600/jlh5.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-GlFy7SdPH4U/TaIcxnOnwnI/AAAAAAAAAPw/5ULfaGwadMc/s1600/jlh5.jpg" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Golden Duckwing OEG Cock<br />
Photo Source: Unknown</td></tr>
</tbody></table><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">The raising of cockfighting birds has been recorded in numerous documents referring to kings, queens and princes of </span><st1:country-region><st1:place><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Britain, in particular</span></st1:place></st1:country-region><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"> the Scottish Royal House of Stuart and the English Tudors. In the 16th century, cockfighting was hugely popular in Britain; even the clergy got into the act. Church yards and churches themselves were used as arenas. During the reign of King Henry VIII, cockfights were held at Whitehall Palace and it was decreed a national sport. </span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-xve5IKJOalU/TaD799t6tPI/AAAAAAAAAM0/0zRHfWZIWOA/s1600/images.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;"><img border="0" height="239" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-xve5IKJOalU/TaD799t6tPI/AAAAAAAAAM0/0zRHfWZIWOA/s320/images.jpeg" width="320" /></span></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">Golden Duckwing OEG Cock</span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">Photo Source: Sabong.net</span></span></td></tr>
</tbody></table><br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; padding-bottom: 6px; padding-left: 6px; padding-right: 6px; padding-top: 6px; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-U-aWbW1PcZg/TaCJK06qOhI/AAAAAAAAAMA/FNTadQ29KNo/s1600/Golden+Duckwing.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;"><img border="0" height="240" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-U-aWbW1PcZg/TaCJK06qOhI/AAAAAAAAAMA/FNTadQ29KNo/s320/Golden+Duckwing.JPG" style="cursor: move;" width="320" /></span></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="padding-top: 4px; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">Golden Duckwing OEG Cock</span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">Phoot Source: Unknown</span></span></td></tr>
</tbody></table><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">During this period, "cockfighting schools" were established to teach the finer points of the breeding and conditioning of the gamecock. As the British Empire expanded, so too did the popularity of the British Game fowl as sailors, soldiers and traders took fighting cocks with them wherever they went. </span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-PmbBLKmKodU/TaH6JEwy9-I/AAAAAAAAAOU/S1HTfrwSp-8/s1600/Blue+Breasted+Golden+Duckwing.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="240" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-PmbBLKmKodU/TaH6JEwy9-I/AAAAAAAAAOU/S1HTfrwSp-8/s320/Blue+Breasted+Golden+Duckwing.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Blue Breasted Golden Duckwing Cock<br />
Source: Unknown</td></tr>
</tbody></table></span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-EJlJVB7AlRE/TaH7CwP2erI/AAAAAAAAAOY/ayJ0FPZpqcw/s1600/bluered+cock.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="291" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-EJlJVB7AlRE/TaH7CwP2erI/AAAAAAAAAOY/ayJ0FPZpqcw/s320/bluered+cock.jpg" style="cursor: move;" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="font-size: 13px; padding-top: 4px; text-align: center;">Blue Red OEG Cock<br />
Photo Source : Unknown</td></tr>
</tbody></table><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">During the reign of Queen Victoria in the 17th century, cockfighting and breeding of fighting birds declined when she banned cockfighting with a royal decree. Never completely disappearing from the landscape, cockfighting became an "underground sport" until the end of Queen Victoria reign, when once again it grew in popularity.</span><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><div style="text-align: left;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"></span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="font-family: Times; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; padding-bottom: 6px; padding-left: 6px; padding-right: 6px; padding-top: 6px; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-5za-QDFN5dw/TaH2ilc42OI/AAAAAAAAAOM/BS6NZseIrtU/s1600/4444_crele_c1resized.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="270" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-5za-QDFN5dw/TaH2ilc42OI/AAAAAAAAAOM/BS6NZseIrtU/s320/4444_crele_c1resized.jpg" style="cursor: move;" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="font-size: 13px; padding-top: 4px; text-align: center;">Crele OEG Cock<br />
Photo Source - Backyard Chickens</td></tr>
</tbody></table></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="font-size: medium; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; padding-bottom: 6px; padding-left: 6px; padding-right: 6px; padding-top: 6px; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-lmKttjM5wmQ/TaH2lKguAgI/AAAAAAAAAOQ/vboWXFtwZW0/s1600/4444_crele_h1resized.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="290" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-lmKttjM5wmQ/TaH2lKguAgI/AAAAAAAAAOQ/vboWXFtwZW0/s320/4444_crele_h1resized.jpg" style="cursor: move;" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="font-size: 13px; padding-top: 4px; text-align: center;">Crele OEG Hen<br />
Photo Source: Backyard Chickens</td></tr>
</tbody></table><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"></span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="font-family: Times; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; padding-bottom: 6px; padding-left: 6px; padding-right: 6px; padding-top: 6px; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><img border="0" height="213" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-t8q6t17NoeM/TaEOGP2n-CI/AAAAAAAAAM8/WyUK0IMcN-w/s320/Large%252BCreel%252BPair.jpg" style="cursor: move; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="320" /></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="font-size: 13px; padding-top: 4px; text-align: center;">Crele OEG Pair<br />
Photo Source: Unknown</td></tr>
</tbody></table></span></div></td></tr>
</tbody></table><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">It was at this time that the first real changes occurred to the cockfighting birds that were brought the Continent. Some of the top fowl breeders of the time began to worry about what they saw was a lack of vigour in the birds. To increase their strength and size, they decided to breed their game fowl to various Oriental breeds. It is said that the Asil (a.k.a. Aseel) played a large part in the infusion of new bloodlines. It is also thought that Shamo and Malay blood were introduced around the same time period. Unfortunately, historical records of exact crosses no longer exist, or if they do, are not privy to public record. However, what should be noted is that these new crosses with the Oriental birds were to provide the foundation stock of what is now known as Old English Game.</span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-mSJ2R_JOf88/TaEO3DWYz2I/AAAAAAAAANA/2mmrLQk4wh8/s1600/Aseel_Tarwe_haan.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;"><img border="0" height="240" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-mSJ2R_JOf88/TaEO3DWYz2I/AAAAAAAAANA/2mmrLQk4wh8/s320/Aseel_Tarwe_haan.jpg" width="320" /></span></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">Black Red Asil Cock</span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">Photo Source: kippenencyclopedie </span></span></td></tr>
</tbody></table><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-fCE-C8bCD0A/TaEQG22GX6I/AAAAAAAAANE/Nxr8vHMGxUA/s1600/Maleier_Wit_haan.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;"><img border="0" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-fCE-C8bCD0A/TaEQG22GX6I/AAAAAAAAANE/Nxr8vHMGxUA/s1600/Maleier_Wit_haan.jpg" /></span></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">White Malay Cock</span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">Photo Source: kippenencyclopedie.nl</span></span></td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-qklBG0u8Py0/TaEQophsy3I/AAAAAAAAANI/SAExUkvzDjc/s1600/Maleier_Zwart_hen.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;"><img border="0" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-qklBG0u8Py0/TaEQophsy3I/AAAAAAAAANI/SAExUkvzDjc/s1600/Maleier_Zwart_hen.jpg" /></span></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">Black Malay Hen</span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">Photo Source: kippenencyclopedie.nl</span></span></td></tr>
</tbody></table><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-L7g5TOKOevs/TaERFN9Mo_I/AAAAAAAAANM/kwNWoxPr_s0/s1600/Shamo_Zwart_haan.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;"><img border="0" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-L7g5TOKOevs/TaERFN9Mo_I/AAAAAAAAANM/kwNWoxPr_s0/s1600/Shamo_Zwart_haan.jpg" /></span></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">Black Shamo Cock</span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">Photo Source: kippenencyclopedie.nl</span></span></td></tr>
</tbody></table><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br />
</span><br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-eWBcs-sNy9c/TaERYCfp8qI/AAAAAAAAANQ/g4ENSOMDiX0/s1600/Shamo_Wit_hen.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;"><img border="0" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-eWBcs-sNy9c/TaERYCfp8qI/AAAAAAAAANQ/g4ENSOMDiX0/s1600/Shamo_Wit_hen.jpg" /></span></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">White Shamo Hen</span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">Photo Source: kippenencyclopedie.nl</span></span></td></tr>
</tbody></table><div style="text-align: left;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">The year 1849 was another date of importance in the history of the Old English Game fowl. It is during this year that the prohibition law was passed in Britain, thus relegating the famous cockfighting bird to showroom-only status. Poultry shows in Britain are recorded to have begun just a few years earlier, the first known to take place in 1845. The English cockfighting bird (not yet officially named) then took its place amongst the various fancy breeds.</span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-4Kh8jgi9sfw/TaIFgCzeZPI/AAAAAAAAAPA/jxn17N1vkw8/s1600/100_3943.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="240" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-4Kh8jgi9sfw/TaIFgCzeZPI/AAAAAAAAAPA/jxn17N1vkw8/s320/100_3943.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">Silver Duckwing OEG Hen</span></span></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">Photo Source: Unknown</span></span></div></td></tr>
</tbody></table><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">As a result of the prohibition law and probably in defiance of it, many of the top strains of fighting birds were exported out of Britain; the U.S. and the British West Indies being the main recipients. Cockfighting and the breeding of fighting gamecocks was once again driven underground. Some of the strains were kept relatively pure and supposedly, there still exists a strain of Old English Game Fowl known as the "Pyles Strain of Charles II" that is highly sought after.</span></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-5OOtVi6Bljo/TaCJW66D7hI/AAAAAAAAAMM/4-Da1j2vcsI/s1600/OE+Game+PYLE_1+Bob+Choate.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;"><img border="0" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-5OOtVi6Bljo/TaCJW66D7hI/AAAAAAAAAMM/4-Da1j2vcsI/s1600/OE+Game+PYLE_1+Bob+Choate.jpg" style="cursor: move;" /></span></span></a></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="font-size: 13px; padding-top: 4px; text-align: center;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">Pyle OEG Cock</span></span></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">Photo Source: Unknown</span></span></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><img border="0" height="240" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-974CDYyX25o/TaCJD2SYMJI/AAAAAAAAAL8/3I8b6pHeRBo/s320/fed_park_022.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="320" /></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">Pile OEG Cock with Pile OEG Hen in the Background</span></span></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">Photo Source: Unknown</span></span></div></td></tr>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Of the fowl that made its way to America, breeders recognizing the cockfighting quality, kept a lot of these strains pure. Through linebreeding and selection for cockfighting quality, the Old English Game became established as a top-notch fighting fowl.</span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-q0z1bLiGnbA/TaIfEydh0tI/AAAAAAAAAQE/J9I0B1fWloU/s1600/Black+Red+Cock.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="233" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-q0z1bLiGnbA/TaIfEydh0tI/AAAAAAAAAQE/J9I0B1fWloU/s320/Black+Red+Cock.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Black Breasted "Dark" Red OEG Cock</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-YPd516n2hGo/TaIfjjxnvsI/AAAAAAAAAQI/NEVodd0R3B8/s1600/oxford2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="310" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-YPd516n2hGo/TaIfjjxnvsI/AAAAAAAAAQI/NEVodd0R3B8/s320/oxford2.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Oxford Black Breasted Red OEG Cock</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-7_zz_b99Whg/TaIf-OABReI/AAAAAAAAAQM/ZdOn7EQhqgM/s1600/Chickenphotos022.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="250" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-7_zz_b99Whg/TaIf-OABReI/AAAAAAAAAQM/ZdOn7EQhqgM/s320/Chickenphotos022.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Ginger OEG Cock</td></tr>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Some of the Old English Game in the United States today are said to be as pure, if not more so, than their relations across the pond; some of them tracing their ancestry directly back to the British game fowl of the 18th and 19th centuries. </span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-9vjGjhmUr3s/TaHwIvGKTfI/AAAAAAAAANo/3OcqDcU7YDA/s1600/034.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="241" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-9vjGjhmUr3s/TaHwIvGKTfI/AAAAAAAAANo/3OcqDcU7YDA/s320/034.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">White Muffed Old English Game<br />
Photo Source: Unknown</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-kgWlrJnisFo/TaIGX_JoY7I/AAAAAAAAAPE/Zx-E28Kyv34/s1600/Muffed+Tasseled+OEG+pullet.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-kgWlrJnisFo/TaIGX_JoY7I/AAAAAAAAAPE/Zx-E28Kyv34/s1600/Muffed+Tasseled+OEG+pullet.jpg" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 18px;">Muffed and Tasseled OEG Pullet belonging to Ed Hart of Sorento, Illinois<br />
Photo Source: Poultry Bookstore</span></td></tr>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">The relegation to the showroom was almost a death sentence for the Old English Game. In the late 1800's it was a breed in danger of being lost. To ensure its continuance, a club was formed and standards were created. It was at this time that the name "Old English Game" was accorded these gamefowl, partially to distinguish them from the Modern Game, which had become quite popular, and partially in acknowledgement of the breed's long history. One of the original members of this club was a gentleman by the name of Herbert Atkinson. He was very instrumental in the creation of the standard and the promotion of the breed and he wrote many books and breeding guides about this "new" old breed. The original standard stressed the differences between the Old English and Modern Game fowl while at the same time stressing the breeding for fighting ability. </span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-qwB-UqHLyIQ/TaHwh2OIfoI/AAAAAAAAANs/GzWAvz41OCs/s1600/ch5.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-qwB-UqHLyIQ/TaHwh2OIfoI/AAAAAAAAANs/GzWAvz41OCs/s320/ch5.jpg" width="274" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Black Breasted Red OEG Cock<br />
Photo Source: Unknown</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-gENvAOe1XC8/TaHx7imiVpI/AAAAAAAAAN4/4LUAqhx5ypU/s1600/5277098091_9a2435d8f6.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-gENvAOe1XC8/TaHx7imiVpI/AAAAAAAAAN4/4LUAqhx5ypU/s320/5277098091_9a2435d8f6.jpg" width="240" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Brown Red Modern Game Cock<br />
Photo Source: flickr.com</td></tr>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">In the 1930's the original British Old English Game Club split into two as some breeders were breeding "size" into their birds - mainly for show purposes - while others wanted to keep breeding for fighting ability (and for the actual cockfighting which was still going on, albeit in secret). Hence today in Britain and other parts of the British Commonwealth (mainly Australia, New Zealand and the British West Indies), there are now two types of Old English Game recognized; The Carlisle and The Oxford. Canada, even though a member of the British Commonwealth, follows the standards set by the American Poultry Association.</span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-bwhrGaeZ8OA/TaHy8ss0E5I/AAAAAAAAAOA/d14kKTDgJb8/s1600/oxfordwhitecockjan2011.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-bwhrGaeZ8OA/TaHy8ss0E5I/AAAAAAAAAOA/d14kKTDgJb8/s320/oxfordwhitecockjan2011.JPG" width="240" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Oxford White OEG Cock<br />
Photo Source: Unknown</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-aYiSUHNleMM/TaHzOnqiMjI/AAAAAAAAAOE/OSWhhLRvLMY/s1600/oxfordwhitepullet.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="262" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-aYiSUHNleMM/TaHzOnqiMjI/AAAAAAAAAOE/OSWhhLRvLMY/s320/oxfordwhitepullet.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Oxford White OEG Hen<br />
Photo Source Unknown</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-x_NhnbGeimE/TaH1fwwqlQI/AAAAAAAAAOI/3MDC4hCxtUQ/s1600/chicken024.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="240" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-x_NhnbGeimE/TaH1fwwqlQI/AAAAAAAAAOI/3MDC4hCxtUQ/s320/chicken024.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">White "American = More Carlisle-Type" OEG Cock<br />
Photo Source: Backyard Chickens</td></tr>
</tbody></table><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">In Britain, the Carlisle Old English Game became the dominant exhibition type. According to British Standards, it has a horizontal back and a very large breast. It is recognized in approximately 13 different colour varieties, with many more existing, but still not yet officially recognized by the British Standards. Popular colours include the Black Red, Wheaten, Brown Red, Grey, Golden Duckwing, Silver Duckwing, Blue Red, Crele, Pyle and White. </span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-cpI4LCeqt_4/TaIgTO5HVJI/AAAAAAAAAQQ/Q8iwHKDTDFw/s1600/1969greycock.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="282" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-cpI4LCeqt_4/TaIgTO5HVJI/AAAAAAAAAQQ/Q8iwHKDTDFw/s320/1969greycock.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Grey OEG Cock</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-BunYGlyiKYQ/TaIg0VPRj-I/AAAAAAAAAQU/oNeNnaPTsPk/s1600/OE+Game+PYLE_2+Bob+Choate.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-BunYGlyiKYQ/TaIg0VPRj-I/AAAAAAAAAQU/oNeNnaPTsPk/s1600/OE+Game+PYLE_2+Bob+Choate.jpg" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Pyle OEG Hens<br />
Photo Source: Poultry Bookstore</td></tr>
</tbody></table><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Cocks must be dubbed (comb, wattles and lobes removed) prior to one year of age, or it is a show disqualification. It is also a disqualification if a cock is missing his spurs. This, supposedly, in recognition of their ancestry being fighting birds. Even though Continental European countries recognize the Old English Game Fowl - in more colours than Britain - dubbing is not a prerequisite and is only done by those still involved with cockfighting.</span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-R42fkV4yT1Y/TaIA26NgWcI/AAAAAAAAAOo/I5txi7kg66I/s1600/BrownRedOldEnglishGameLargeFowlmale.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="212" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-R42fkV4yT1Y/TaIA26NgWcI/AAAAAAAAAOo/I5txi7kg66I/s320/BrownRedOldEnglishGameLargeFowlmale.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Dubbed Brown Red OEG Cock<br />
Photo Source: Unknown</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-hNkwlw6Qy-Y/TaIA8Fu0dvI/AAAAAAAAAOs/y9uuzwBYeTc/s1600/Non-Dubbed+Brown+Red+OEG+Cock.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="240" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-hNkwlw6Qy-Y/TaIA8Fu0dvI/AAAAAAAAAOs/y9uuzwBYeTc/s320/Non-Dubbed+Brown+Red+OEG+Cock.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Non-Dubbed Brown Red OEG Cock<br />
Photo Source: Unknown</td></tr>
</tbody></table><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">The stated objective for the Oxford Old English Game Club is to preserve the breeding of the traditional old English strains of gamefowl, but not for exhibition. The birds are bred for the prime purpose of fighting, still to this day. The birds are smaller than the Carlisle type, having a tightly feathered plumage and backs held at an angle of 45º to the ground. They have big, strong beaks, single combs , small thin earlobes and wattles and fairly large eyes. Their wings are large and powerful and the legs are strong and short. Through careful linebreeding, these birds are kept as pure as possible to the birds from which the first standard was based. </span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-tkIfBvy9NZg/TaH9AE_I9hI/AAAAAAAAAOc/10QPtq2PkmM/s1600/oxfordcock.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="213" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-tkIfBvy9NZg/TaH9AE_I9hI/AAAAAAAAAOc/10QPtq2PkmM/s320/oxfordcock.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Oxford OEG Cock<br />
Photo Source: Unknown</td></tr>
</tbody></table><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">At this time, I would like to quote some interesting information about the Oxford Old English Game Club. The information comes from Chapter 7, of the book </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 2px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 2px;"><b><span lang="EN-US"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">The </span></span></b></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 2px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 2px;"><b><span lang="EN-US"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Cockfighters, </span></span></b></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 2px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 2px;"><i><span lang="EN-US"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">A Survey and </span></span><span lang="EN-US"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Analysis of the Sport of Cockfighting in Britain, </span></span><span lang="EN-US"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">and </span></span><span lang="EN-US"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">a study of the Criminology of Cockfighting Offenders, in </span></span></i></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 2px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 2px;"><i><span lang="EN-US"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">the period 1991-1992. <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-style: normal;">The book is written by</span> </span></span></i></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 2px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 2px;"><span lang="EN-US"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Dr Barry F. Peachey and is published by </span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 2px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 2px;"><span lang="EN-US"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Beech Publishing House: </span></span></span><br />
<blockquote><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">For reasons which will become obvious the vast majority of the British public have never heard of the Oxford Old English Gamefowl Club. </span></blockquote><blockquote><span lang="EN-US"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Although you might be having trouble finding out who the Oxford Club members are, many of them are known to the authorities. They have got us all catalogued and listed, and the only reason that we don’t get a lot of attention is because it is so hard for them to actually catch us at it. Knowing about us is one thing, but proving a court case is quite another. </span></span></blockquote><blockquote><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">The Club holds two meetings a year. New members have to be sponsored by two existing members who have known the prospective new member for at least five years. About ten Mains per year are fought, generally of five to seven birds.</span></blockquote><blockquote><span lang="EN-US"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">New members are ‘vetted’ personally and professionally, and their criminal convictions are checked using the Police National Computer. People with criminal convictions will not generally be admitted. This is of course an illegal misuse of the computer. Prospective members with ‘unfortunate’ business histories or who have attracted media attention in an unfavourable light are also frowned upon. </span></span></blockquote><br />
<blockquote><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">The Club operates a strict ‘Black Ball’ system; one vote against you and you don’t get in. It is an extremely secretive organisation. There appears to be a standard line of defence which is used by Club Members who are put on the spot by enquirers. The first thing that they do is to absolutely deny that the Club does anything except breed Game Fowl for showing. The second is to say that the Club has one Annual Show for members and invited guests only. That would be an acceptable response to the interested enquirer, except for the fact that no member will say who the Club officers are, or even who is the current Secretary for correspondence. Some idea of the secrecy involved can be gained from the following comment from a senior member:</span></blockquote><blockquote><blockquote><blockquote><span lang="EN-US"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">"You have to understand my position. If it gets out to other members of the club that I have been talking to you I am in deep trouble. It is quite possible for very nasty things to happen to me, and my life would not be worth living."</span></span></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">By this stage it was not surprising that I was starting to stir up the pot a little. The expected telephone call was not long in coming:</span></blockquote><blockquote><blockquote><blockquote><span lang="EN-US"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">“Hello, is that Dr Peachey?”</span></span></blockquote><blockquote><span lang="EN-US"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">“Yes, can I help you?”</span></span></blockquote><blockquote><span lang="EN-US"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">“I hear that you are busying yourself sticking your nose into our business where it doesn’t belong”</span></span></blockquote><blockquote><span lang="EN-US"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">“If you mean I am running a research project into cocking, you’re right. Do you want to help? ”</span></span></blockquote><blockquote><span lang="EN-US"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">“Let’s put it this way. If you don’t stop wandering round enquiring into Club affairs, we’ll see to it that you don’t have any legs to walk around on. Get it?”</span></span></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Before I got the chance to tell him that I’ve been threatened by far worse individuals than a few self-important cockers he put the phone down. </span></blockquote><br />
<blockquote><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Whilst the Club has a good number of top people, it also has a lot of ordinary working class men. The situation is well illustrated by the following quote from Ed Reid, the Canadian who introduced the American Pit Bull Terrier into Britain, and who is this country’s leading authority on the breed. Although not a cocker or fowl keeper himself, he has come across one or two:</span></blockquote><blockquote><blockquote><blockquote><span lang="EN-US"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">In the mid 1970’s I went to the funeral of Joe Mallen from Cradley Heath in the West Midlands. He was one of the most famous breeders of Bull Terriers and gamecocks of all time, and a member of the Oxford Old English Game Club. It was incredible. He was just an ordinary bloke to all intents and purposes, but the guest list at the funeral read like </span></span><span lang="EN-US"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Who’s Who </span></span><span lang="EN-US"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">. I was introduced to Lord this, and Sir that, and a man who was already well known in the animal world and later became more widely known to the public. I didn’t know then, but I know now, that they were all members of the Oxford Club, within which it seems social rank is of no consequence. Normally these people would not have been seen dead in the company of an ordinary working class man.</span></span></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote><span lang="EN-US"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">As my research progressed it was necessary to use subterfuge to track members down. </span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">The next member of the club to telephone me was in nothing less than a flat panic. He was obviously terrified. He was a member of the Bench, a barrister who had been made a Judge. The conversation went as follows:</span></blockquote><blockquote><blockquote><blockquote><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Judge: I hear you know something about me that is a pretty closely guarded secret. I just want to know if you intend making it public.</span></blockquote><blockquote><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">BFP: I suppose you mean that I know you are a cockfighter. I’ve got no particular interest in making it public because this is an academic research study which depends upon confidentiality for any information at all.</span></blockquote><blockquote><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Judge: You do realise don’t you that there are a good few members of the fancy at the Bar, and that any one of us is finished personally and profes sionally if it gets out into the gutter press. Quite apart from that, you could be in serious danger personally, you know.</span></blockquote><blockquote><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">BEP: Are you threatening me?</span></blockquote><blockquote><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Judge: No, not at all. I am just pointing out that you make your professional living in front of people like me and it could be said that you are dependent upon the goodwill of certain parts of the judiciary.</span></blockquote><blockquote><span lang="EN-US"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">BEP:Come off it. ‘Certain parts of the judiciary’ as you put it would be only too happy to stick you in jail if they got half a chance.</span></span></blockquote><blockquote><span lang="EN-US"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Judge:All right, I’m sorry. I just don’t want my name being bandied about in connection with gamefowl. I hope I can rely on your discretion.</span></span></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote><div class="txbrc3" style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 2px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 2px; line-height: normal; text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-5vkCkFtyZTo/TaHl9P7txDI/AAAAAAAAANk/CX4-_m4V0Zs/s1600/front-cover.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;"><img border="0" height="320" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-5vkCkFtyZTo/TaHl9P7txDI/AAAAAAAAANk/CX4-_m4V0Zs/s320/front-cover.jpg" width="230" /></span></span></a></div><div style="text-align: left;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br />
</span></b></div></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-qjzsN5hc6v0/TaIh0YdCXQI/AAAAAAAAAQc/IFiNr8L_t9w/s1600/2007_01140036.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="240" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-qjzsN5hc6v0/TaIh0YdCXQI/AAAAAAAAAQc/IFiNr8L_t9w/s320/2007_01140036.JPG" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Grey OEG Flock</td></tr>
</tbody></table><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana;">When the settlers came to America, so followed chickens and the tradition of cockfighting. As a result of this, through the years, the original British types were often crossbred with Spanish or Latin Game fowl and also the French cockfighting fowl, thereby creating the "American" Old English Game. </span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; line-height: 18px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: separate; line-height: normal;"></span></span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-rfffd427I8M/TaICEQI2k1I/AAAAAAAAAO0/k0_Twslok-M/s1600/French+Gatinaise+OEG.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-rfffd427I8M/TaICEQI2k1I/AAAAAAAAAO0/k0_Twslok-M/s1600/French+Gatinaise+OEG.JPG" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">French "Gatinaise-Style" OEG Cock<br />
Photo Source: Unknown</td></tr>
</tbody></table></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana;">As mentioned earlier, some strains have retained their purity, but for the most part, the Old English Game in North America resembles more the British Carlisle type than the historical Oxford type.</span></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-FixzJaHzMRk/TaH-nv-1y-I/AAAAAAAAAOg/YpilNJkWiLM/s1600/greyoxcock10.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-FixzJaHzMRk/TaH-nv-1y-I/AAAAAAAAAOg/YpilNJkWiLM/s320/greyoxcock10.jpg" width="244" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Grey OEG Cock<br />
Photo Source: Unknown</td></tr>
</tbody></table><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-kWFT6_bXiJc/TaH-2-4-24I/AAAAAAAAAOk/l50itwnPfXs/s1600/Dark+Grey+OEG+Trio.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="220" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-kWFT6_bXiJc/TaH-2-4-24I/AAAAAAAAAOk/l50itwnPfXs/s320/Dark+Grey+OEG+Trio.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Gray OEG Trio<br />
Source: Unknown</td></tr>
</tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Times; mso-bidi-font-family: Times; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana;">Cockfighting was very popular in the U.S. - even presidents are known to have partaken; especially George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, Andrew Jackson, and Abraham Lincoln. Supposedly some committee rooms of the President were actually used for cockfights. Abraham Lincoln refereed many and was well-known for fairness whilst doing so; they didn't call him "Honest Abe" for nothing.</span></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-kq8t9gkQau0/TaIBgZ3yAnI/AAAAAAAAAOw/xcqPrXrHFoI/s1600/E+DEAN+%2528English+19th%253A20th+century%2529+-+Christies+Auction.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="266" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-kq8t9gkQau0/TaIBgZ3yAnI/AAAAAAAAAOw/xcqPrXrHFoI/s400/E+DEAN+%2528English+19th%253A20th+century%2529+-+Christies+Auction.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Cockfighting Art by E. Dean<br />
Photo Source: Christie's Auction House</td></tr>
</tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana;">The U.S. became a leader in the breeding of game fowl and was recognized for its cockfighting activities and events. To be a true "gentleman", one was supposed to have a flock of game fowl and be involved in cockfighting. It is said that gamecock almost became the national emblem of the U.S. only losing by one vote to the American eagle. The golden era of American cockfighting declined with the Civil War.</span></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-ud8wV22wFI0/TaICYqapXDI/AAAAAAAAAO4/6YKHoYVm3kE/s1600/Orange+Red.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="240" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-ud8wV22wFI0/TaICYqapXDI/AAAAAAAAAO4/6YKHoYVm3kE/s320/Orange+Red.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Orange Red OEG Cock<br />
Photo Source: Unknown</td></tr>
</tbody></table><br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-iy1LKS9nWxE/TaICaqzKC7I/AAAAAAAAAO8/JulBsbxfv_0/s1600/Orange+Red+HEn.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="240" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-iy1LKS9nWxE/TaICaqzKC7I/AAAAAAAAAO8/JulBsbxfv_0/s320/Orange+Red+HEn.JPG" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Orange Red OEG Hen<br />
Photo Source: Unknown</td></tr>
</tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana;"></span></div><div style="font-family: Times; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Some people equate the raising of Standard Old English Games to the raising of pheasants. They are known to be feisty, intelligent, hardy birds that are excellent in free range situations. T</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">hey are good foragers and tend to fend for themselves. These fowl </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">love to roost in trees at night. They can tolerate the extremes of climate very well. My father had a friend who had his birds outside all year round - this in south-western Alberta! They used to roost in the Spruce trees, not far from his house. Old English Game are also known for their longevity - some living as long as fifteen years or more!</span></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-2_nJpUBnnU0/TaILIStFdMI/AAAAAAAAAPI/dvmqkQuTaYc/s1600/oldenglish05.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="253" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-2_nJpUBnnU0/TaILIStFdMI/AAAAAAAAAPI/dvmqkQuTaYc/s320/oldenglish05.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">OEG Cock in small Tree (Not Spruce!)<br />
Source Unknown</td></tr>
</tbody></table><div style="font-family: Times; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">If kept in pens, it is suggested to either clip wings or have a top netting over the runs as they are very good fliers. As well, inside roosts should be made as high as possible. Most important is to keep</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"> roosters separate as their cockfighting blood still flows within. If more than one rooster is kept, then a visual and/or distance barrier should be used because if one sees another cock through wire fence, the two will try to fight. Inexperienced game fowl keepers have learned this lesson the hard way as the cocks will often have extensive damage to heads, spurs and back toes. Some people tether extra roosters away from the main pen, but again, if tethered close together, they will spend most of their time trying to attack each other.</span></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-x3acweKVdOI/TaIiF559MeI/AAAAAAAAAQg/psR7zICaHSY/s1600/Wheaten+hen.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-x3acweKVdOI/TaIiF559MeI/AAAAAAAAAQg/psR7zICaHSY/s1600/Wheaten+hen.jpg" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Wheaten OEG Hen</td></tr>
</tbody></table><div style="font-family: Times; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">The Old English Game dresses out well for a small bird and the hens lay well for a game bird. The hens are excellent mothers and are often used as foster mothers for other breeds. They are fiercely protective of their young. Old English chicks seem to mature rather slowly, but beware, their fighting spirit is showcased at a young age.</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-khr1xKkLjik/TaIN-MfzNAI/AAAAAAAAAPM/h5wSHlGOtWU/s1600/oldenglish01.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-khr1xKkLjik/TaIN-MfzNAI/AAAAAAAAAPM/h5wSHlGOtWU/s320/oldenglish01.jpg" width="291" /></a></div><br />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-49YIdV0rVro/TaIOEMDseEI/AAAAAAAAAPk/zSGnyfDOzBc/s1600/oldenglish10.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="274" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-49YIdV0rVro/TaIOEMDseEI/AAAAAAAAAPk/zSGnyfDOzBc/s320/oldenglish10.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-FWO1plo327Y/TaIOEapgbRI/AAAAAAAAAPo/3GUj3r8MGR4/s1600/oldenglish11.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-FWO1plo327Y/TaIOEapgbRI/AAAAAAAAAPo/3GUj3r8MGR4/s320/oldenglish11.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #777777; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><b>(The above Photos were in a Folder marked "European OEG"; I apologize for not having the sources)</b></span></span></span></div><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana;">The Old English Game was recognized by the American Poultry Association:</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">In 1938</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana;"></span></div><div style="font-family: Times;">Varieties:</div><ul style="font-family: Times;"><li>Black Breasted Red</li>
<li>Brown Red</li>
<li>Golden Duckwing </li>
<li>Silver Duckwing </li>
<li>Red Pyle</li>
<li>White</li>
<li>Black</li>
<li>Spangled</li>
</ul><div style="font-family: Times;"></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 12pt; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">In 1965</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 12pt; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana;"></span></div><div style="font-family: Times; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">Varieties:</div><ul style="font-family: Times;"><li>Lemon Blue</li>
<li>Blue Breasted Red</li>
<li>Blue Golden Duckwing </li>
<li>Blue Silver Duckwing </li>
<li>Self Blue</li>
</ul><div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 12pt; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">In 1996</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 12pt; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana;"></span></div><div style="font-family: Times; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">Variety:</div><ul style="font-family: Times;"><li>Crele</li>
</ul><div>(Reference: American Standard of Perfection 1998)</div><div>If there are more varieties recognized, please let me know.</div></div><br />
<br />
<div style="font-family: Times;"><br />
</div><div style="font-family: Times;">Standard Weights: Cock - 5 pounds; Hen - 4 pounds</div><div style="font-family: Times;"> Cockerel - 4 pounds; Pullet - 3-1/2 pounds (Source: A.LB.C)</div><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; line-height: 15px;">A</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; line-height: 15px;">merican Poultry Association Class: Any Other Standards Breeds Class</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; line-height: 15px;">ALCB Conservation Status: Study</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana;">Cackle Hatchery has perhaps the largest selection of Standard Old English Game Fowl (http://www.cacklehatchery.com/oldenglishgamepage.html) and a good selection of Bantam Old English Game colour varieties.. Unfortunately, they do not appear to export at this time.</span></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-84sPT3xhLY8/TaIikYX1ENI/AAAAAAAAAQk/bjnGFCFmr6A/s1600/IMG_0142.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-84sPT3xhLY8/TaIikYX1ENI/AAAAAAAAAQk/bjnGFCFmr6A/s320/IMG_0142.jpg" width="213" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Black Breasted Red OEG Cock</td></tr>
</tbody></table><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-86fDF6NVpK8/TaIi5Iiu2iI/AAAAAAAAAQo/nq5CKgmaO04/s1600/FurnessFowl104.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-86fDF6NVpK8/TaIi5Iiu2iI/AAAAAAAAAQo/nq5CKgmaO04/s320/FurnessFowl104.jpg" width="280" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Black Breasted Red OEG Cock</td></tr>
</tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana;"><b>Bantams in Brief</b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #182801; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"></span>The Bantam O.E.G. became recognized as a standard breed in 1925. The A.P.A. recognizes 24 colour varieties, but there are actually many more. At poultry shows across North America, they are often the largest classes shown, unlike the Standards, which are few and far between. It is interesting to note that American O.E.G. Bantams and British O.E.G. Bantams are considerably different. Roosters weigh in at around 24 oz and hens around 22 ounces. It seems as though the "Fighting blood" does not flow as strong in these mighty mites as in their Standard counterparts as I have heard many stories of roosters being kept together or several in a flock.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana;">Some of the Colours Of Old English Game Bantams:</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;"></span></span></div><table style="color: black; font-size: 13px;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="vertical-align: top;"><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: url(data:image/png; list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 1.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Barred</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Birchen</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Black</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Black Breasted Red</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Blue Copperheads</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Black Tailed Red</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Black Tailed White</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Blue Splash</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Blue Brassyback</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Blue Breasted Red</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Blue Gingers</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Blue Golden Duckwing</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Blue Mille Fleur</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Blue Quail</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Blue Red</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Blue Silver Duckwing</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Blue Wheaten</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Buff Laced</li>
</ul></td><td style="vertical-align: top;"><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: url(data:image/png; list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 1.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Brassyback</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Brown Red</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Buff</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Columbian</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Crele</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Cuckoo</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Fawn</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Fawn Breasted Red</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Fawn Silver Duckwing</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Ginger Red</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Golden Duck-wing</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Golden Campine</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Golden Laced</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Golden-Neck</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Lemon Blue</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Mahogany</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Mealy Gray</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Mille Fleur</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Mottled</li>
</ul></td><td style="vertical-align: top;"><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: url(data:image/png; list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 1.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Pearl</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Porcelain</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Quail</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Red</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Red Pyle</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Red Quill</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Self Blue</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Silver Blue</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Silver Duckwing</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Silver Quill</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Silver Campine</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Silver-Laced</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Silver Wheaton</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Spangled</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Self-Blue</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Splash</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Wheaten</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">White</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">White-Tailed red</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">White-tailed buff</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Muffed White</li>
</ul></td></tr>
</tbody></table><br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-D5ryda0nxwQ/TaIjDni7NjI/AAAAAAAAAQs/N3xEBttze70/s1600/greyoxcock10.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-D5ryda0nxwQ/TaIjDni7NjI/AAAAAAAAAQs/N3xEBttze70/s320/greyoxcock10.jpg" width="244" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Grey OEG Cock</td></tr>
</tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana;"><b>Modern Cockfighting</b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana;">The rules and ways of cockfighting have changed somewhat through the years. Cocks are still given the best of care until they are around two years old. They are conditioned, much like professional athletes. Wagers are made on the outcome of the match; some wagers said to be in the thousands of dollars. Cockfighting happens in many kinds of neighborhoods and in states around the country. It became illegal in all states in 2008 with the last holdout, Louisiana, passing a law banning it. It is a felony in 39 states and the District of Columbia and it is illegal in 40 states, as well as the District of Columbia, to be a spectator at a cockfight.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana;">"In most cases the birds are equipped with either metal spurs (called <i>gaffs</i>) or knives, tied to the leg in the area where the bird's natural spur has been partially removed. A <i>cockspur</i> is a bracelet (often made of leather) with a curved, sharp spike which is attached to the leg of the bird. The spikes typically range in length from "short spurs" of just over an inch to <i>long spurs</i> almost two and a half inches long. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana;">In the <i>naked heel</i> variation, the bird's natural spurs are left intact and sharpened: fighting is done without gaffs or taping, particularly in India. There it is mostly fought naked heel and either three rounds of twenty minutes with a gap of again twenty minutes or four rounds of fifteen minutes each and a gap of fifteen minutes between them (wiki - cockfight).</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana;">In those countries and territories in which cockfighting is still legal (France, Mexico, Puerto Rico and Guam for example) special cockfighting arena are used. In some countries, cockfighting is government controlled.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana;">Injuries such as punctured lungs, broken bones and pierced eyes are commonplace - if the bird even survives. There are cases where even the handlers or spectators have been killed.</span></div><!--EndFragment--> </span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><div style="background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; border-collapse: collapse; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 18px; margin-bottom: 13px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 15px;"></span></span></span></span></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;"><blockquote><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;">Bird kills man at cockfight</span></span></span></b></blockquote><blockquote><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;">Man dies after being stabbed by knife attached to rooster's limb at illegal cockfight in California</span></span></span></blockquote><blockquote><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;">A man who was at an illegal cockfight in central C</span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;">alifornia</span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;"> died after being stabbed in the leg by a bird which had a knife attached to its leg, officials said.</span></span></span></blockquote><blockquote><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;">José Luis Ochoa, 35, of Lamont, California, was declared dead at a hospital about two hours after he was injured in nearby Tulare County on 30 January, the Kern County coroner said.</span></span></span></blockquote></span></span><br />
<blockquote style="border-collapse: collapse; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 18px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;">A postmortem concluded Ochoa died of an accidental "sharp force injury" to his right calf. Sheriff's spokesman Ray Pruitt said it was unclear if a delay in seeking medical attention contributed to his death.</span></span></span></blockquote><blockquote style="border-collapse: collapse; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 18px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;">"I have never seen this type of incident," Sgt Martin King, a 24-year veteran of the sheriff's department, told the Bakersfield Californian newspaper.</span></span></span></blockquote><blockquote style="border-collapse: collapse; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 18px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;">Ochoa and the other spectators fled when police arrived at the fight, King told the newspaper. Deputies found five dead roosters and other evidence of cockfighting, he said. No arrests were made.</span></span></span></blockquote><blockquote style="border-collapse: collapse; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 18px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;">Cockfighting is </span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;">illegal in the United States</span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;">. Specially bred roosters are put into a ring and encouraged to fight until one is incapacitated or killed, while spectators gamble on the outcome.</span></span></span></blockquote><blockquote style="border-collapse: collapse; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 18px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;">According to court records, Ochoa paid $370 (£230) in fines last year after pleading no contest to one count of owning or training an animal for fighting, according to the newspaper.</span></span></span></blockquote><blockquote style="border-collapse: collapse; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 18px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;">Attending or organising a cockfight, or training an animal to participate in one, are all misdemeanours under Californian law, although a second offence is a felony.</span></span></span></blockquote><blockquote style="border-collapse: collapse; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 18px;">Associated Press, Tuesday 8 February 2011</blockquote></span><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-SWRvbP6q6yM/TaCImew3awI/AAAAAAAAALk/m-SDylt6VnY/s1600/black_edited.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="240" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-SWRvbP6q6yM/TaCImew3awI/AAAAAAAAALk/m-SDylt6VnY/s320/black_edited.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Black OEG Cock<br />
Photo Source: Unknown</td></tr>
</tbody></table><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-SUmExDDY45U/TaCJOqlKKxI/AAAAAAAAAME/YVQCcHUH8Ic/s1600/Heritage+Hatching+Eggs.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="240" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-SUmExDDY45U/TaCJOqlKKxI/AAAAAAAAAME/YVQCcHUH8Ic/s320/Heritage+Hatching+Eggs.JPG" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Crele OEG Cock<br />
Photo Source Unknown</td></tr>
</tbody></table><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-nTGPsUVobJo/TaCJuQhraeI/AAAAAAAAAMc/0rr6fAzz8hM/s1600/Stefan+Game+Farm+-+Blue+Golden+Duckwing.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="240" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-nTGPsUVobJo/TaCJuQhraeI/AAAAAAAAAMc/0rr6fAzz8hM/s320/Stefan+Game+Farm+-+Blue+Golden+Duckwing.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Golden Duckwing OEG Cock</td></tr>
</tbody></table><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-KmHxHofXnso/TaCDdvXaeqI/AAAAAAAAALY/MmRhS1ScUzU/s1600/DSC07766.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-KmHxHofXnso/TaCDdvXaeqI/AAAAAAAAALY/MmRhS1ScUzU/s320/DSC07766.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">OEG - Black Breasted Red Pair</span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">Photo Source: Unknown</span></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #777777; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #777777; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #777777; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="color: black; font-family: Times; font-size: medium; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; padding-bottom: 6px; padding-left: 6px; padding-right: 6px; padding-top: 6px; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-xx6FhGEbBE4/TaETTCnDEbI/AAAAAAAAANY/Pg7d3hEkjBk/s1600/Creel%252BMale.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="240" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-xx6FhGEbBE4/TaETTCnDEbI/AAAAAAAAANY/Pg7d3hEkjBk/s320/Creel%252BMale.jpg" style="cursor: move;" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="font-size: 13px; padding-top: 4px; text-align: center;">Crele OEG Cock<br />
Photo Source: Unknown</td></tr>
</tbody></table></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #777777; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;"><br />
</span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #777777; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"> </span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">You have probably noticed that many of the pictures did not list a source. They come from a Photo Folder that no longer lists source. If anyone recognizes a picture and can direct me to its source, it would be most appreciated. As well, if there are any mislabeled birds, or if someone has better pictures that they would be willing to share, please contact Cameron at: mcattack_ca@yahoo.com</span> </span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br />
</span></div></div>Cameronhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17660301478540340621noreply@blogger.com46tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4871362593993053377.post-61036353810568766952011-04-08T19:55:00.000-07:002011-04-08T19:55:01.328-07:00L'Oie Blanche du Poitou - A Goose Worth Saving<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-ArtM4YMstqw/TZ-iolEDFII/AAAAAAAAAK8/_4E1cN82IZo/s1600/gillian.salerno.perso.sfr.fr.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-ArtM4YMstqw/TZ-iolEDFII/AAAAAAAAAK8/_4E1cN82IZo/s320/gillian.salerno.perso.sfr.fr.jpg" width="243" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 15px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;"><span class="hps" title="Click for alternate translations"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">Photo Source: </span></span></span></span></span><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">Conservatoire des Ressources Génétiques du Centre Ouest Atlantique</span></span></i></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 15px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;"><span class="hps" title="Click for alternate translations"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Not too many people in North America know about, the White Goose of Poitou, or more simply, the Poitou (</span></span></span></span><span class="hps" title="Click for alternate translations"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">L'Oie</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"> </span><span class="hps" title="Click for alternate translations"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Blanche du</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"> </span><span class="hps" title="Click for alternate translations"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Poitou), a very old French breed. It is said that this goose was probably introduced to France from Holland between the 10th and 12th Century (</span></span><span class="hps" title="Click for alternate translations"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Pierre</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"> </span><span class="hps" title="Click for alternate translations"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Metayer, 1934 Doctoral Thesis) although an exact geographical origin has never been determined. It has also been suggested that the Poitou was introduced to the Vienne region of France by Dutch traders and bred for the </span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Dukes of Aquitaine (J. C. Jeremy Hobson).</span><br />
<div style="text-align: right;"><span class="hps" title="Click for alternate translations"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">Photo Source: Societe Avicole de Montmorillon</span></span> </span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-7r8mAVJT2yI/TZ-uNNIR4eI/AAAAAAAAALA/mpaikrfFdrw/s1600/15v.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;"><img border="0" height="240" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-7r8mAVJT2yI/TZ-uNNIR4eI/AAAAAAAAALA/mpaikrfFdrw/s320/15v.jpg" width="320" /></span></span></a></div><span class="hps" title="Click for alternate translations"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Through the years, specific breeding for plumage growth, snow-white feathers and down, and an early slaughter-type bird created a breed that was an integral part of the goose industry in </span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">France. The birds would be plucked alive, usually four times, before they were slaughtered at around seven months of age, and then plucked one final time.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 15px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;"><span class="hps" title="Click for alternate translations"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">The Poitou</span></span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 15px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;"><span class="hps" title="Click for alternate translations"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"> has clear blue eyes and a rather long, strong beak, which is orange when young and a faded orange with pink tip when mature. Its legs and feet are a dark orange. Its plumage</span></span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">, as mentioned previously, is a snow-white having no traces of any other colouring. Goslings are born a uniform yellow. </span><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-xITutTxxCUA/TZ-y8MkR49I/AAAAAAAAALE/OrtYmJ4HfIU/s1600/4178731417.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-xITutTxxCUA/TZ-y8MkR49I/AAAAAAAAALE/OrtYmJ4HfIU/s320/4178731417.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: arial; font-size: 13px; line-height: 15px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal;"><span class="hps" title="Click for alternate translations"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">Photo Source: www.leboncoin.fr</span></span></span></span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 15px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;"><span class="hps" title="Click for alternate translations"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">The Poitou does not possess a dewlap. It has a very large, deep breast which had aided in its earlier popularity. Its back is short and slightly tilted towards the rear. It has a short tail, carried almost horizontally from its body. All in all, the Poitou is a short and compact goose.</span></span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 15px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;"><span class="hps" title="Click for alternate translations"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br />
</span></span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 15px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;"><span class="hps" title="Click for alternate translations"><span class="hps" title="Click for alternate translations"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Modern Poitou (those not slaughtered for meat) have one or</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"> </span><span class="hps" title="Click for alternate translations"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">two</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"> </span><span class="hps" title="Click for alternate translations"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">broods per</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"> </span><span class="hps" title="Click for alternate translations"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">year</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"> </span><span class="hps" title="Click for alternate translations"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">with a total of</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"> </span><span class="hps" title="Click for alternate translations"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">8</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"> </span><span class="hps" title="Click for alternate translations"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">eggs</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"> </span><span class="hps atn" title="Click for alternate translations"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">(</span></span><span class="" title="Click for alternate translations"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">young adults</span></span><span class="" title="Click for alternate translations"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">)</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"> </span><span class="hps" title="Click for alternate translations"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">and 20 to</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"> </span><span class="hps" title="Click for alternate translations"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">25 eggs (mature </span></span><span class="" title="Click for alternate translations"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">adults</span></span><span class="" title="Click for alternate translations"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">); each egg weighing in at about </span></span><span class="hps" title="Click for alternate translations"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">140 to</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"> </span><span class="hps" title="Click for alternate translations"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">160 grams</span></span><span class="" title="Click for alternate translations"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">. Average weights are as follows:</span></span></span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 15px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;"><span class="hps" title="Click for alternate translations"><span class="" title="Click for alternate translations"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"> </span><!--StartFragment--></span></span></span></span></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 15px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;"><span class="hps" title="Click for alternate translations"><blockquote><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Young Gander - 6 to 7 kg. Young Goose - 5 to 6 kg.</span></blockquote><blockquote><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Adult Gander - 8 to 9 kg. Adult Goose - 7 to 7.5 kg.</span> </blockquote></span></span></span><br />
<div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 15px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 16px; line-height: normal;"><span class="hps" title="Click for alternate translations"><span class="" title="Click for alternate translations"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><b>Status of the Modern Poitou - Critical</b></span></span></span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: arial; font-size: 13px; line-height: 15px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal;"><span class="hps" title="Click for alternate translations"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"><span class="" title="Click for alternate translations"><br />
</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-SMquzWj6MHA/TZ-zHdUkAWI/AAAAAAAAALI/YAc_YTn5km8/s1600/4190015073.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;"><img border="0" height="240" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-SMquzWj6MHA/TZ-zHdUkAWI/AAAAAAAAALI/YAc_YTn5km8/s320/4190015073.jpg" width="320" /></span></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 15px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;"><span class="hps" title="Click for alternate translations"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">Photo Source: www.leboncoin.fr</span></span></span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 15px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;"><span class="hps" title="Click for alternate translations"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br />
</span></span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 15px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;"><span class="hps" title="Click for alternate translations"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">According to the </span></span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Conservatoire des Ressources Génétiques du Centre Ouest Atlantique, there were approximately 300,000 Poitou in 1940. This number has drastically decreased to the point where the Poitou is on the verge of extinction. A 2009 Census conducted by the Conservatoire revealed a total of 71 living birds - 22 Ganders, 40 Goose and 7 goslings (non-sexed at time of survey). </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"> </span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br />
</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-ZYfwlfNf-7E/TZ_Fp2WNhXI/AAAAAAAAALM/XoSSo5-c0ZY/s1600/111595954_reference.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;"><img border="0" height="201" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-ZYfwlfNf-7E/TZ_Fp2WNhXI/AAAAAAAAALM/XoSSo5-c0ZY/s320/111595954_reference.jpg" width="320" /></span></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">Flemish Giant Rabbit, A Partridge Brahma Rooster and a Poitou Goose</span></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">Photo Source: La Nouvelle Republic (</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">17/10/2010)</span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times;"><span class="hps" title="Click for alternate translations"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br />
</span></span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span class="hps" title="Click for alternate translations"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">L'Oie</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"> </span><span class="hps" title="Click for alternate translations"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Blanche du</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"> </span><span class="hps" title="Click for alternate translations"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Poitou, being such a historical breed deserves attention of conservationists.</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"> Through the efforts of a handful of breeders and organizations such as the Conservatoire, it is hoped that the Poitou will once again be established in safe numbers.</span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: arial; font-size: 13px; line-height: 15px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal;"><span class="hps" title="Click for alternate translations"><br />
</span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: arial, sans-serif;"> <!--StartFragment--> </span></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: arial, sans-serif;"><div class="MsoNormal"><b><i><span style="font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"><br />
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</span></i></b></div><div class="MsoNormal"><b><i><span style="font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;">“Il est important de sauvegarder nos races locales … surtout l'oie blanche du Poitou, qui tend à disparaître”<o:p></o:p></span></i></b></div><div class="MsoNormal"><b><i><span style="font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;">“It is important to save our local breeds… especially the White Goose of Poitou, which has basically disappeared.”</span></i><o:p></o:p></b></div><!--EndFragment--> </span><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-3daFx9ZaJyE/TZ_G6MUts8I/AAAAAAAAALQ/FA7NUCOG-jo/s1600/volaille3.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;"><img border="0" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-3daFx9ZaJyE/TZ_G6MUts8I/AAAAAAAAALQ/FA7NUCOG-jo/s1600/volaille3.png" /></span></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">Photo Source: </span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 2px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 2px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">La Ferme de Cécile </span></span></span></div>Cameronhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17660301478540340621noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4871362593993053377.post-58794695277685898022011-04-07T16:21:00.001-07:002011-04-08T09:02:18.709-07:00Russian Orloffs<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;"></span><br />
<div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-3AlrWQ8QM5w/TZ3xcHT7KnI/AAAAAAAAAIM/lkkyY2shhec/s1600/Orloff_Roodporselein_hen.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-3AlrWQ8QM5w/TZ3xcHT7KnI/AAAAAAAAAIM/lkkyY2shhec/s320/Orloff_Roodporselein_hen.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Russian Orloff - Spangled Hen</span></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Photo Source: www.kippenencyclopedie.nl</span></span></div><br />
<div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: right;"><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Below: Russian Orloff - Spangled Young Pair</span></span></div></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: right;"><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Photo Source: www.raskip.be</span></span></div></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-zTOSxsAjup4/TZ4ztfOV_JI/AAAAAAAAAJ8/fv30LpHMY-k/s1600/orloff.large.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-zTOSxsAjup4/TZ4ztfOV_JI/AAAAAAAAAJ8/fv30LpHMY-k/s1600/orloff.large.jpg" /></a></div><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="-webkit-text-decorations-in-effect: underline; clear: right; color: #0000ee; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Being from the COLD "Great White North", hardiness in a poultry breed is one quality which is important to me. Russian Orloffs (a.k.a. just 'Orloffs' or 'Russians') possess this quality. Not having a single comb - their combs described as being more a cushion, walnut or strawberry comb rather than a true rose comb, makes them ideal candidates for cold weather. That, and the fact that they are a rather tall meaty bird with a thick neck and calm temperament would seem to make them the ideal fowl for these climes. For some reason or another, the popularity of the Orloff never really took off in North America. In fact, they are one of the breeds that was de-listed from the American Standard of Perfection in 1894, this after originally being listed in 1875 (as 'Russians' not 'Orloffs'). </span><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-7Oiq66IQz6I/TZ41ev4PyyI/AAAAAAAAAKA/CH6SH3oskWg/s1600/50703550.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="213" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-7Oiq66IQz6I/TZ41ev4PyyI/AAAAAAAAAKA/CH6SH3oskWg/s320/50703550.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">Russian Orloffs - Spangled Pair</span> </span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">Photo Source: Unknown</span></span></div><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 22.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">The Orloff is a fairly tall chicken with an upright stance and an upright erect tail. It has a thick arched neck and a fierce looking face, probably due to its tiny wattles, dark curved beak, and reddish face with eyes set slightly back.</span><o:p></o:p></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"> </span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-pLsqOx7XhWY/TZ45NFeGjwI/AAAAAAAAAKE/CeOz5yTzwos/s1600/865352helios_0_82_foto0357.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><img border="0" height="320" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-pLsqOx7XhWY/TZ45NFeGjwI/AAAAAAAAAKE/CeOz5yTzwos/s320/865352helios_0_82_foto0357.jpg" width="257" /></span></a></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Orloffs are muffed and bearded, have yellow legs and a walnut/cushion comb.</span><o:p></o:p></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 22.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 22.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">They are a very slow growing breed. According to old standards, males should eventually weigh out at around eight and one-half pounds and the hens at six and one-half. Hens are fairly good layers of tinted brown eggs and produce well in winter.</span><o:p></o:p></div><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Russain Orloff - Spangled Hen Head-shot</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Photo Soource: Unknown</span></span> <br />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-dd58RiwYpKk/TZ4AoGET3OI/AAAAAAAAAJg/69rMvqnaeCs/s1600/ts.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-dd58RiwYpKk/TZ4AoGET3OI/AAAAAAAAAJg/69rMvqnaeCs/s320/ts.jpeg" width="243" /></a></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">The Orloff is named after Alexey Grigoryevich Orlov, a Russian Count, who lived from 1737 to 1808. </span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Not only was this Count one of the Russia's most able statesmen, he was Prime Minister to Empress Catherine the Great, and Commander-in-Chief of the Black Sea fleet. Count Alexey Grigoryevich Orlov was very interested in agriculture and developing new breeds of animals.</span><br />
<div style="text-align: right;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: x-small;">Count Alexey Grigoryevich Orlov</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: x-small;">Photo Source: </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">http://en.wikipedia.org</span></div><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 13pt;"><br />
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<span style="font-family: Verdana;">At his estate farm in the European realm of the Russian Empire, he worked on breeding horses, dogs, sheep, chickens and pigeons. </span><span style="font-family: Verdana;">He is credited for creating some 70 animal breeds including the Russian Wolfhound and Russia's most famous breed of horses, the Orloff Trotter; a horse </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana;">noted for its fast trot and outstanding stamina.</span><br />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-5S2oJNE6a1s/TZ4Bh4eWAII/AAAAAAAAAJk/ml-Wo_4hkbs/s1600/Orlov_Trotter_in_racing_sleigh_by_Sverchkov.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="224" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-5S2oJNE6a1s/TZ4Bh4eWAII/AAAAAAAAAJk/ml-Wo_4hkbs/s320/Orlov_Trotter_in_racing_sleigh_by_Sverchkov.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Orloff Trotter - Photo Source: http://en.wikipedia.org</span></span></div><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Today many poultry historians refute the idea that Count Orloff created the Russian Orloffs. Instead, it is now believed that the Orloff comes from Persia, or what is now known as Iran, and made its way into Eastern Europe and northern Asian countries around the 17</span><sup><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">th</span></span></sup><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"> century. These early birds were referred to as "Chlianskaia" and were not really known for their egg-laying abilities. There is some speculation that once in Europe and Russia, the Chlianskaia was bred with the </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 2px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 2px; line-height: 19px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Combattant de </span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Bruges, </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 2px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 2px; line-height: 19px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Thüringer Barthühner</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">, and Ushanka fowl (</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Ушанка Куры)</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">, creating what became known as the Russian Orloff.</span><br />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-dNHFMvaQjFw/TZ4yB2bWy-I/AAAAAAAAAJ0/vhsbEb6TR4A/s1600/WEB_Thueringer_Barthuhn_sch.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="295" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-dNHFMvaQjFw/TZ4yB2bWy-I/AAAAAAAAAJ0/vhsbEb6TR4A/s320/WEB_Thueringer_Barthuhn_sch.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times;"></span></span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 2px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 2px; line-height: 19px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">Thüringer Barthühner</span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"> - Black Hen</span></span></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">Photo Source: www.rgzv-kefenrod.de</span></span></div></span><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-G4LXZoGR3rU/TZ4p4Y3I8II/AAAAAAAAAJo/2e2yqoL_vWA/s1600/Thuringer_baardhoen_Geelwitgetoept_hen.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-G4LXZoGR3rU/TZ4p4Y3I8II/AAAAAAAAAJo/2e2yqoL_vWA/s1600/Thuringer_baardhoen_Geelwitgetoept_hen.jpg" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 2px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 2px; line-height: 19px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Thüringer Barthühner</span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"> - Buff Laced Hen</span></span></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Photo Source: www.kippenencyclopedie.nl</span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-XEATd4a3d7s/TZ4y1XQbSaI/AAAAAAAAAJ4/0v1ILXFGf3Y/s1600/2944733035_1_3.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-XEATd4a3d7s/TZ4y1XQbSaI/AAAAAAAAAJ4/0v1ILXFGf3Y/s320/2944733035_1_3.jpg" width="287" /></a></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Combattant de Bruges - Black Rooster</span></span></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Photo Source: www.coqliegeors.skyrock.com</span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-W8OwpDxugCQ/TZ4t1-pjthI/AAAAAAAAAJw/XOhmC2NJ65Q/s1600/0092_2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-W8OwpDxugCQ/TZ4t1-pjthI/AAAAAAAAAJw/XOhmC2NJ65Q/s320/0092_2.jpg" width="240" /></a></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: center;"></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Ushanka (</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;"><span class="hps" title="Click for alternate translations"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Ушанка</span></span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"> </span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;"><span class="hps" title="Click for alternate translations"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Куры)</span></span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"> - Hen</span></span></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Photo Source: www.fermer.rul</span></span></div><br />
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</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-qEkm-OMnp3E/TZ3xhG-oprI/AAAAAAAAAIQ/Ywg2fX4CP_g/s1600/Orloff_Koekoek_haan.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-qEkm-OMnp3E/TZ3xhG-oprI/AAAAAAAAAIQ/Ywg2fX4CP_g/s1600/Orloff_Koekoek_haan.jpg" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Russian Orloff - Cuckoo Rooster</span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Photo Source: www.kippenencyclopedie.nl</span></span></div><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Whatever the case, it is acknowledged that Count Orloff refined the </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Chlianskaia, creating a hardy dual-purpose fowl, and </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">was a great promoter of this breed and its appearance in Western Europe and the United States is largely due to his efforts.</span><br />
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</span></span></div></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-5AcZn1i2eT4/TZ3xj00TEDI/AAAAAAAAAIU/Ckbww-tYkLE/s1600/Orloff_Koekoek_hen.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-5AcZn1i2eT4/TZ3xj00TEDI/AAAAAAAAAIU/Ckbww-tYkLE/s1600/Orloff_Koekoek_hen.jpg" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"> Russian Orloff - Cuckoo Hen</span></span></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Photo Source: www.kippenencyclopedie.nl</span></span></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">It is believed Orloffs were only introduced to Britain in the 1920s; this after they had been “refined” in Germany. Germans are also credited for creating created the bantam Orloff , also in the 1920’s, having it recognized by their National Poultry Association in 1925. </span></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><br />
</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-q_18MqvlAAo/TZ3xn0GAeEI/AAAAAAAAAIY/faWxmrAc3b4/s1600/Orloff_Rood_haan.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-q_18MqvlAAo/TZ3xn0GAeEI/AAAAAAAAAIY/faWxmrAc3b4/s1600/Orloff_Rood_haan.jpg" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"> <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Russian Orloff - Red (Mahogany) Rooster</span></span></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Photo Source: www.kippenencyclopedie.nl</span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-tddcMj46ZSo/TZ3xrfq2LtI/AAAAAAAAAIc/0gCbeNcCyWA/s1600/Orloff_Rood_hen.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-tddcMj46ZSo/TZ3xrfq2LtI/AAAAAAAAAIc/0gCbeNcCyWA/s1600/Orloff_Rood_hen.jpg" /></a></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Russian Orloff - Red (Mahogany) Hen</span></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Photo Source: www.kippenencyclopedie.nl </span></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 13pt;">Early importations of Orloffs to America were mainly black, </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 17px;">heavy boned, hard muscled, chickens which were great meat fowl. </span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 17px;"><br />
</span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 17px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times; font-size: small;"></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-exQX6WAbcgs/TZ3x2AhlIbI/AAAAAAAAAIo/90w4qWbCpMc/s1600/Orloff_Zwart_haan.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-exQX6WAbcgs/TZ3x2AhlIbI/AAAAAAAAAIo/90w4qWbCpMc/s1600/Orloff_Zwart_haan.jpg" style="cursor: move;" /></a></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"> Russian Orloff - Black Cockerel</span></span></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Photo Source: </span></span>www.kippenencyclopedie.nl </div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-vh5FR-6hc78/TZ3x5oYuQiI/AAAAAAAAAIs/oErwDvNpHXA/s1600/Orloff_Zwart_hen.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-vh5FR-6hc78/TZ3x5oYuQiI/AAAAAAAAAIs/oErwDvNpHXA/s1600/Orloff_Zwart_hen.jpg" style="cursor: move;" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Russian Orloff - Black Pullet</span></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Photo Source: </span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">www.kippenencyclopedie.nl </span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 17px;"><br />
</span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 17px;">Various colours soon gained popularity with the black variety quickly losing its prominence to the new colours, especially the Spangled variety.</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 17px;"> </span><br />
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</span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-wetxL--O0TI/TZ3yR_Gwa9I/AAAAAAAAAJA/0H4yKUqH6V0/s1600/Orloff+Chicks.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-wetxL--O0TI/TZ3yR_Gwa9I/AAAAAAAAAJA/0H4yKUqH6V0/s320/Orloff+Chicks.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 17px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times; font-size: small;"></span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 17px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times; font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Russian Orloff - Spangled Chicks </span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Photo Source: Unknown</span></span> </span></div></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 17px;"><br />
</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 17px;">Supposedly there was </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 17px;">a hatchery operating in Pennsylvania that hatched Orloffs in seven colors, but unfortunately closed around the late 1930's or early 1940's. </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Today in North America, you would be hard pressed to find a Russian Orloff other than the Spangled Variety. There are a few Mohagany (in some countries this is a variety called "Red"), but for the most part, Spangled is what you will find in Standard varieties. Although the A.P.A. no longer recognizes the Russian Orloff, the A.B.A. does.</span></div></div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;"><div style="text-align: center;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">More Russian Orloff Pictures</span></b></div></div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;"><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-iYDPspXbHd8/TZ3xvh--M0I/AAAAAAAAAIg/bB8izEbsrjQ/s1600/Orloff_Wit_haan.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-iYDPspXbHd8/TZ3xvh--M0I/AAAAAAAAAIg/bB8izEbsrjQ/s1600/Orloff_Wit_haan.jpg" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"> <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Russian Orloff - White Rooster</span></span></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Photo Source: www.kippenencyclopedie.nl</span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-XlaszqaB5jI/TZ3xzLpKh7I/AAAAAAAAAIk/gUPYou_g87U/s1600/Orloff_Wit_hen.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-XlaszqaB5jI/TZ3xzLpKh7I/AAAAAAAAAIk/gUPYou_g87U/s1600/Orloff_Wit_hen.jpg" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"> <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Russian Orloff - White Hen</span></span></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Photo Source: www.kippenencyclopedie.nl</span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-W6DX3Ak_WMs/TZ3x8uNVDDI/AAAAAAAAAIw/6hjPmVAfNp0/s1600/Orloff_Zwartwitgepareld_haan.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-W6DX3Ak_WMs/TZ3x8uNVDDI/AAAAAAAAAIw/6hjPmVAfNp0/s1600/Orloff_Zwartwitgepareld_haan.jpg" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"> <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Russian Orloff - Mottled Rooster</span></span></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Photo Source: www.kippenencyclopedie.nl</span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-bUsddDBlfOo/TZ3x_lb-EhI/AAAAAAAAAI0/Oc0ALYSSkso/s1600/Orloff_Zwartwitgepareld_hen.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-bUsddDBlfOo/TZ3x_lb-EhI/AAAAAAAAAI0/Oc0ALYSSkso/s1600/Orloff_Zwartwitgepareld_hen.jpg" /></a></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"> Russian Orloff - Mottled Hen</span></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Photo Source: www.kippenencyclopedie.nl </span></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/--r-WnD03NI8/TZ5APMZJyeI/AAAAAAAAAKI/MHES2aIn5R8/s1600/korloff.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/--r-WnD03NI8/TZ5APMZJyeI/AAAAAAAAAKI/MHES2aIn5R8/s320/korloff.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br />
</div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-37A8NjrY1To/TZ5Aa8NCYII/AAAAAAAAAKM/mkKGT2bpYjY/s1600/HuhnHeilker1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="268" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-37A8NjrY1To/TZ5Aa8NCYII/AAAAAAAAAKM/mkKGT2bpYjY/s320/HuhnHeilker1.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-Mlcb9WU7-HQ/TZ5AxmRMVxI/AAAAAAAAAKQ/jKwN7ojrizo/s1600/75df29572790.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="299" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-Mlcb9WU7-HQ/TZ5AxmRMVxI/AAAAAAAAAKQ/jKwN7ojrizo/s320/75df29572790.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br />
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</div><div style="text-align: center;"><div style="text-align: left;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">The following pictures are of Spangled Russian Orloffs. If anyone knows the source please advise me so that proper Source Credits may be asked for and presented.</span></div></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-EtNR3wcqWqw/TZ3yFSo2vVI/AAAAAAAAAI4/t_gkDLmwblI/s1600/russian_orloff_-60649-837690.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="259" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-EtNR3wcqWqw/TZ3yFSo2vVI/AAAAAAAAAI4/t_gkDLmwblI/s320/russian_orloff_-60649-837690.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-BYDWmXpEVcw/TZ3yIpWcryI/AAAAAAAAAI8/ieQVBxOxv4Y/s1600/another_Orloff_hen.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-BYDWmXpEVcw/TZ3yIpWcryI/AAAAAAAAAI8/ieQVBxOxv4Y/s320/another_Orloff_hen.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-7C1r8AP1SWA/TZ3yVYcOASI/AAAAAAAAAJE/euSnGUk1L3I/s1600/Orloff+hen.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-7C1r8AP1SWA/TZ3yVYcOASI/AAAAAAAAAJE/euSnGUk1L3I/s320/Orloff+hen.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-wUhR1erRrOs/TZ3yZOT-3zI/AAAAAAAAAJI/pdBFC3FOeII/s1600/Orloff+Poulets.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-wUhR1erRrOs/TZ3yZOT-3zI/AAAAAAAAAJI/pdBFC3FOeII/s320/Orloff+Poulets.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-1-2FtWkCw5Q/TZ3ydSLNsBI/AAAAAAAAAJM/5om9Epsg3rg/s1600/OrloffHen-1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-1-2FtWkCw5Q/TZ3ydSLNsBI/AAAAAAAAAJM/5om9Epsg3rg/s320/OrloffHen-1.jpg" width="277" /></a></div><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-1w9OxN_oLoI/TZ3ymGWZXfI/AAAAAAAAAJQ/m9i7bkxFFd0/s1600/pict0092.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-1w9OxN_oLoI/TZ3ymGWZXfI/AAAAAAAAAJQ/m9i7bkxFFd0/s320/pict0092.jpg" width="254" /></a></div><br />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-boYgCbWI1Hk/TZ3ys9IC4SI/AAAAAAAAAJY/A8VIwp6wqWw/s1600/Spangled+Flock.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="238" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-boYgCbWI1Hk/TZ3ys9IC4SI/AAAAAAAAAJY/A8VIwp6wqWw/s320/Spangled+Flock.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-KLQxCdZ9s7I/TZ8xJsGnbsI/AAAAAAAAAKc/Z7W6CKQAPYg/s1600/250px-Russian_Orloff_in_winter.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-KLQxCdZ9s7I/TZ8xJsGnbsI/AAAAAAAAAKc/Z7W6CKQAPYg/s1600/250px-Russian_Orloff_in_winter.jpg" /></a></div><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-aaJp-SauCbk/TZ8xTiXzAMI/AAAAAAAAAKg/okImWMY0jYg/s1600/4565545542_96cf781773.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="257" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-aaJp-SauCbk/TZ8xTiXzAMI/AAAAAAAAAKg/okImWMY0jYg/s320/4565545542_96cf781773.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Interesting Links Regarding Orloffs:</span></b><br />
www.russianorloffclubofgreatbritain.co.uk - The Russian Orloff Club of Great Britain<br />
http://kummerpoultryfarm.com - Mahogany and Spangled Standards<br />
www.starbrightfarm.net - Cuckoo and Spangled Standards<br />
www.bantamorloffs.co.uk - Mahogany, Mottled and Spangled Bantams<br />
www.faverollesandorloffs.co.uk - Spangled Standards<br />
www.russianorloffs.com - a British Site with interesting pictures<br />
www.sv-orloff.de - German Orloff Society<br />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-8YIsSD0Pkww/TZ5Ev5i765I/AAAAAAAAAKU/eoqQvke0jqQ/s1600/logoneu.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-8YIsSD0Pkww/TZ5Ev5i765I/AAAAAAAAAKU/eoqQvke0jqQ/s1600/logoneu.gif" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times;">German Orloff Society</span></span></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-DpWe1ELF2PU/TZ5FTPytfDI/AAAAAAAAAKY/EqfRcrPnIXg/s1600/kopfstudieII.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-DpWe1ELF2PU/TZ5FTPytfDI/AAAAAAAAAKY/EqfRcrPnIXg/s320/kopfstudieII.jpg" width="273" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Photo Source: </span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">www.sv-orloff.de</span></span></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br />
</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">If you would like your site listed or have additional information or comments, please email me at: </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">mcattack_ca@yahoo.com or Cameron@breedsavers.com</span></div>Cameronhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17660301478540340621noreply@blogger.com6tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4871362593993053377.post-72771393701509247532011-04-06T17:52:00.000-07:002011-04-06T17:52:53.798-07:00Metzer Farm Losses<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;"></span><br />
<div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;"><!--StartFragment--> <br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Most of us at one time or another have experienced losses with young poultry, but I think it is doubly sad when it happens through no fault of the poultry keeper nor "Mother Nature's Controls". This email was received today (Wednesday, April 06, 2011) and I have permission to share it with you.</span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-NAkq-vvKPh4/TZ0HVDWZffI/AAAAAAAAAH8/-cECjWi5x34/s1600/2382202577_b814230298_z.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="232" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-NAkq-vvKPh4/TZ0HVDWZffI/AAAAAAAAAH8/-cECjWi5x34/s320/2382202577_b814230298_z.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt;"><br />
</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-o0wgeRy6G8M/TZ0H68xhUlI/AAAAAAAAAIA/MHyJGqRxYwM/s1600/4667365018_2b8de29a4d.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-o0wgeRy6G8M/TZ0H68xhUlI/AAAAAAAAAIA/MHyJGqRxYwM/s1600/4667365018_2b8de29a4d.jpg" /></a></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt;"><br />
</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/--tt4s1a6xrw/TZ0IY2KjVII/AAAAAAAAAIE/D9FAyHvo4X4/s1600/AboutMetzerFarmsHeader.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="91" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/--tt4s1a6xrw/TZ0IY2KjVII/AAAAAAAAAIE/D9FAyHvo4X4/s320/AboutMetzerFarmsHeader.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt;">"Many of our customers experienced losses this week. A postal truck was hauling 30% of our birds from our post office to a major distribution center on Monday and was pulled over for mechanical problems. The truck sat in the sun for 90 minutes before a mechanic could fix the problem. Due to this delay, these birds were dead by Monday afternoon, not 80 miles from here. Grogel would not have helped in this situation. </span><span style="font-family: Times; mso-bidi-font-family: Times; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana;">This has never happened before. Nothing was insured as normally the Post Office provides excellent service throughout the country.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana;">We are getting many, many calls this morning. We hope customers are patient when they phone as there are only three of us trying to answer all the calls. We should be able to replace ducklings within two weeks. Goslings are another problem as some breeds are sold out of for the year. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana;">If you did experience losses, please give us a call.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana;">Thank you,</span></div><div class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-bottom: 12.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt;">John Metzer"</span></div><div class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-bottom: 12.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt;">http://www.metzerfarms.com/</span></div><div class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-bottom: 12.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt;"><br />
</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-P7doyVlz5CE/TZ0KkzNGlGI/AAAAAAAAAII/tGNiqLXwZxk/s1600/toulouse-gp-600.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="184" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-P7doyVlz5CE/TZ0KkzNGlGI/AAAAAAAAAII/tGNiqLXwZxk/s320/toulouse-gp-600.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><div class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-bottom: 12.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-bottom: 12.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt;">From the Metzer Farms Home Page:</span></div><div class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-bottom: 12.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt;">"</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 2px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 2px; font-family: sans-serif; line-height: normal;">We specialize in waterfowl, hatching 17 breeds of ducks (Pekin, Jumbo Pekin, Mallard, Rouen, Khaki Campbell, Blue Swedish, Black Swedish, Buff, Cayuga, Welsh Harlequin, White Crested, Fawn & White Runner, Black Runner, Blue Runner, Chocolate Runner, Golden 300 Hybrid, and White Layer) and 12 breeds of geese (Embden, Toulouse, White Chinese, Pilgrim, Buff, Tufted Buff, African, Super African, French Toulouse, Large Dewlap Toulouse, Roman Tufted, Tufted Toulouse). We also hatch French Pearl Guineas, Eastern Wild Turkeys and Ringneck Pheasants. "</span></div><div class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-bottom: 12.0pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 2px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 2px; font-family: sans-serif; line-height: normal;"><br />
</span></div></div>Cameronhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17660301478540340621noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4871362593993053377.post-58231328008425369902011-04-05T19:52:00.001-07:002011-04-19T14:39:24.481-07:00Rhode Island Reds<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-bk_ns3OTmpM/TZjhKF84pEI/AAAAAAAAAFQ/D41cax8MDrk/s1600/Rhode_Island_Red_enkele_kam_haan.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="338" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-bk_ns3OTmpM/TZjhKF84pEI/AAAAAAAAAFQ/D41cax8MDrk/s400/Rhode_Island_Red_enkele_kam_haan.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;">Photo - Source: Unknown</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;">When I was young, I was enamored with Rhode Island Reds - I wanted a nice trio of show quality - not hatchery barnyard stock - but true, deep red coloured, exhibition quality Rhode Island Reds. Well, the closest I got to having that was drooling over show pictures and advertisements in my father's Feather Fanciers.</span><br />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-RcO89U1UfvA/TZvGWmy--ZI/AAAAAAAAAGw/PVzsHm6dktA/s1600/banner.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="75" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-RcO89U1UfvA/TZvGWmy--ZI/AAAAAAAAAGw/PVzsHm6dktA/s320/banner.gif" width="320" /></a></div><span style="font-family: Verdana;"><br />
</span><br />
<div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;">(www.featherfancier.on.ca) </span></div><span style="font-family: Verdana;"><br />
</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana;">True Rhode Island Reds were scarce in Western Canada at that time and although hatcheries were always claiming to have them, the birds they offered were no where near the colour nor the shape of what I had read and heard to be the standard.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-rt3N8Fu-cQI/TZvGyQegBII/AAAAAAAAAG0/V6cZHF7K5TA/s1600/rhode_island_red_std_rooster.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-rt3N8Fu-cQI/TZvGyQegBII/AAAAAAAAAG0/V6cZHF7K5TA/s320/rhode_island_red_std_rooster.jpg" width="246" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 24px;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;">Single Comb Rhode Island Red Rooster</span></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 24px;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;">Photo Source: http://propercourse.blogspot.com</span></span></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 24px;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;"><br />
</span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 24px;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;">The Rhode Island Red is probably America's best known breed of chicken, some even believe that it is the best known chicken breed in the world. What other breed can claim two monuments as well as a movie star? I</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 24px;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;">n the animated film Chicken Run, the character of Rocky is supposedly a Rhode Island Red rooster.</span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 24px;"> </span><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 12pt;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-VYNvpcay-NM/TZvHoIxLCwI/AAAAAAAAAG4/8iWsUz_WPyw/s1600/images.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-VYNvpcay-NM/TZvHoIxLCwI/AAAAAAAAAG4/8iWsUz_WPyw/s1600/images.jpeg" /></a></div><span style="font-family: Verdana;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 12pt;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;">Rhode Island Reds were originally developed in the farming communities of Massachusetts and Rhode Island a</span><span style="font-family: Verdana;">round Little Compton near Buzzard’s Bay and Narragansett Bay</span><span style="font-family: Verdana;"> in the 1880's and 1890's. Adamsville, Rhode Island, has staked the claim as being the birthplace of this well-known bird and a monument commemorating its significance is found in the city. </span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-22Dvuvc2AXw/TZvDuiJGi7I/AAAAAAAAAGs/zIa9z99_Uqk/s1600/19990923-07_monument.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-22Dvuvc2AXw/TZvDuiJGi7I/AAAAAAAAAGs/zIa9z99_Uqk/s1600/19990923-07_monument.jpg" /></a></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 12pt;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;"> </span></div><blockquote style="text-align: center;"><br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 10pt;">THE RHODE ISLAND RED<o:p></o:p></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 10pt;">TO COMMEMORATE THE BIRTHPLACE OF THE
<o:p></o:p></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 10pt;">RHODE ISLAND RED BREEDING FOWL WHICH<o:p></o:p></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 10pt;">WAS ORIGINATED NEAR THIS LOCATION.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 10pt;">RED FOWLS WERE BRED EXTENSIVELY BY
<o:p></o:p></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 10pt;">THE FARMERS OF THIS DISTRICT AND LATER
<o:p></o:p></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 10pt;">NAMED 'RHODE ISLAND REDS' AND BROUGHT INTO<o:p></o:p></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 10pt;">NATIONAL PROMINENCE BY THE POULTRY FANCIERS.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 10pt;">THIS TABLET IS PLACED BY THE
<o:p></o:p></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 10pt;">RHODE ISLAND RED CLUB OF AMERICA
<o:p></o:p></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 10pt;">WITH CONTRIBUTIONS OF RHODE ISLAND RED<o:p></o:p></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 10pt;">BREEDERS THROUGHOUT THE WORLD
<o:p></o:p></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 10pt;">ON LAND DONATED BY
<o:p></o:p></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 10pt;">DEBORAH T. MANCHESTER.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 10pt;">1925</span><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 19.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div></blockquote><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 24px;">In fact, very nearby, just a couple miles away, there is another monument to the Rhode Island Red, this one honouring its importance to America’s farming history.</span><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-WnLXr8zbP1I/TZvIDoAMcxI/AAAAAAAAAG8/CYIRNvKXvNc/s1600/chicken.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="312" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-WnLXr8zbP1I/TZvIDoAMcxI/AAAAAAAAAG8/CYIRNvKXvNc/s400/chicken.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 24px;">Rhode Island Red Group - Photo Source: www.chasanbassets.com</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 12pt;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;">The Rhode Island Red was bred with the intention that it would be a good dual-purpose fowl, early layers with a high year-round egg yield and being a bird that could dress out nicely as a delicious family farm table bird. </span><span style="font-family: Verdana;">The Rhode Island Red resulted from a series of poultry experiments undertaken in 1854 by Captain William Tripp of Little Compton and another fellow named John Macomber. First they crossed Malay </span><br />
<div style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 24px;"></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-0t1WX1aNB-A/TZvKXSQEraI/AAAAAAAAAHA/wphpfsGN2D8/s1600/Maleier_Dubbelgezoomd_haan.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-0t1WX1aNB-A/TZvKXSQEraI/AAAAAAAAAHA/wphpfsGN2D8/s1600/Maleier_Dubbelgezoomd_haan.jpg" /></a></div><span style="font-family: Verdana;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times;"></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana;"><br />
</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-0t1WX1aNB-A/TZvKXSQEraI/AAAAAAAAAHA/wphpfsGN2D8/s1600/Maleier_Dubbelgezoomd_haan.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a></span>and Java cocks </span><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-Z0xH9z2VF4M/TZvLCTR7_gI/AAAAAAAAAHE/4u3-N8Qy_3M/s1600/552_DSC00053.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="284" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-Z0xH9z2VF4M/TZvLCTR7_gI/AAAAAAAAAHE/4u3-N8Qy_3M/s320/552_DSC00053.JPG" width="320" /></a></div><span style="font-family: Verdana;"><br />
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<span style="font-family: Verdana;">with Chinese Cochin hens. </span><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-mUq5gdzqW0s/TZvLwNRt1yI/AAAAAAAAAHI/h8HxPN-JLTA/s1600/cochin-hen.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-mUq5gdzqW0s/TZvLwNRt1yI/AAAAAAAAAHI/h8HxPN-JLTA/s1600/cochin-hen.jpg" /></a></div><span style="font-family: Verdana;"><br />
</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana;">The offspring were then crossed with Light Brahmas</span><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-_cHcVGlkKAM/TZvMFTYOGLI/AAAAAAAAAHM/pmRaYUnoB3k/s1600/light%257Ebrahma%257Ebantam.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="218" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-_cHcVGlkKAM/TZvMFTYOGLI/AAAAAAAAAHM/pmRaYUnoB3k/s320/light%257Ebrahma%257Ebantam.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><span style="font-family: Verdana;"><br />
</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana;">Plymouth Rocks </span><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-67ujspxePXg/TZvM3akiaUI/AAAAAAAAAHQ/Iy_yVeMPZXc/s1600/5004_blacks_12-16_b.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="200" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-67ujspxePXg/TZvM3akiaUI/AAAAAAAAAHQ/Iy_yVeMPZXc/s320/5004_blacks_12-16_b.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><span style="font-family: Verdana;"><br />
</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana;">and Brown Leghorns. </span><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-JMRq8EXw4K0/TZvNGBBsakI/AAAAAAAAAHU/8VFTauctHxs/s1600/Darkbrownxx.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="277" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-JMRq8EXw4K0/TZvNGBBsakI/AAAAAAAAAHU/8VFTauctHxs/s320/Darkbrownxx.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><span style="font-family: Verdana;"><br />
</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana;">Other farmers then became involved in the project upon seeing the beautiful dark red birds, the</span><span style="font-family: Verdana;"> deep red colour supposedly a result of the Malay blood. Due to the aforementioned mélange of breeds in its ancestry, the original birds were found in single-combed, rose-combed and pea-combed varieties, with the latter being quickly bred out. <o:p></o:p></span><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-IyeI1b3eFj4/TZvNohjf07I/AAAAAAAAAHY/e30JoT5hOiM/s1600/Rhode_Island_Red_rozekam_haan.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-IyeI1b3eFj4/TZvNohjf07I/AAAAAAAAAHY/e30JoT5hOiM/s320/Rhode_Island_Red_rozekam_haan.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;">Rose Comb Rooster - Photo Source www.kippenencyclopedie.nl</span></div></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 24px;"> </span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 12pt;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;">The Rhode Island Red was recognized as a legitimate breed at the Providence poultry show in 1895, and was first seen to be advertised in poultry journals in 1896. </span><span style="font-family: Verdana;">The popularity of these birds was such that Europe was enjoying the pleasures of the breed even before it received official recognition from the American Poultry Association. </span><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-Q6DO3xYZN5o/TZvO2xgumMI/AAAAAAAAAHc/DlmLpfCbFUg/s1600/IMG_3161-1.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-Q6DO3xYZN5o/TZvO2xgumMI/AAAAAAAAAHc/DlmLpfCbFUg/s320/IMG_3161-1.JPG" width="320" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;">Photo Source: Unknown</span></div><span style="font-family: Verdana;">T</span><span style="font-family: Verdana;">he single combed variety was admitted to the Standard of Perfection in 1904 and the rose combed variety a year later.<o:p></o:p></span></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 24px;"> </span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 12pt;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;"></span></div><div style="font-family: Times; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen='allowfullscreen' webkitallowfullscreen='webkitallowfullscreen' mozallowfullscreen='mozallowfullscreen' width='320' height='266' src='https://www.youtube.com/embed/o7yG6KiTd0Y?feature=player_embedded' frameborder='0'></iframe></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><br />
</div></div><div style="font-family: Times; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"> <span style="font-family: Verdana;">The old adage, if it ain’t broke, don’t fix it would most certainly be deemed applicable to the Rhode Island Red. Since the 1940's, selective breeding for more “efficiency of egg production” has actually seen the breed get smaller (by as much as a pound) and of a lighter orange-red colour. As well, </span><span style="font-family: Verdana;">the distinct shape characteristic of its horizontal, rectangular body has been changed somewhat. They have also become less broody. All of this has contributed to its changing status from a good family farm bird to a good commercial brown-egg laying variety.</span><br />
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</span></div></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-dDykQzp7rJM/TZvSYOHg29I/AAAAAAAAAHs/UAYGz5DhAl4/s1600/images-1.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-dDykQzp7rJM/TZvSYOHg29I/AAAAAAAAAHs/UAYGz5DhAl4/s1600/images-1.jpeg" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;">Hatchery Quality sold as "Rhode Island Reds"</div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 24px;"> </span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 12pt;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-vhvXXhMfn2U/TZvS7nmGkJI/AAAAAAAAAHw/JRCA3rYEsMs/s1600/rhode+island+reds.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="197" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-vhvXXhMfn2U/TZvS7nmGkJI/AAAAAAAAAHw/JRCA3rYEsMs/s320/rhode+island+reds.JPG" width="320" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times; line-height: normal;">Hatchery Quality sold as "Rhode Island Reds"</span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-1heyPOD6gX4/TZvUrZSQoKI/AAAAAAAAAH4/AhYOk6GZHWg/s1600/ri_red_chicken.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-1heyPOD6gX4/TZvUrZSQoKI/AAAAAAAAAH4/AhYOk6GZHWg/s1600/ri_red_chicken.jpg" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times; line-height: normal;">Hatchery Quality sold as "Rhode Island Reds"</span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-RY6sYM0_mlc/TZvTz5OF8wI/AAAAAAAAAH0/EpqwoBLVtgI/s1600/RIRs.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-RY6sYM0_mlc/TZvTz5OF8wI/AAAAAAAAAH0/EpqwoBLVtgI/s1600/RIRs.jpg" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;">True "Dark Red" coloured Rhode Island Red</span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;"><br />
</span></div><span style="font-family: Verdana;">The true dark red coloured Rhode Island Red (a.k.a. original stock) is being monitored by the A.L.C.B. (A</span><span style="font-family: Verdana;">merican Livestock Breeds Conservancy) in order to ensure its survival. Surveys are now putting this bird, once so very popular, in numbers of less than 2500 in North America and 5000 world-wide.</span><span style="font-family: Verdana;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 24px;"> </span><br />
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 12pt;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;">“</span><span style="font-family: Verdana;">In 1954, a state bird election was sponsored by the Audubon Society of Rhode Island, the Rhode Island Federation of Garden Clubs, and the Providence Journal Company. The Rhode Island Red beat out its closest competitors, the osprey and ruby-throated hummingbird, and became Rhode Island's official state bird at noon on May 3, 1954. "The Rhode Island Red," Governor Dennis J. Roberts said, upon signing the bill into law, "has become a symbol of Rhode Islanders all over the world." – Quahog.org</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 12pt;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-jn9f3Ll0Q9Y/TZvQhryW4QI/AAAAAAAAAHk/IH5FSRDCC88/s1600/ribird.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-jn9f3Ll0Q9Y/TZvQhryW4QI/AAAAAAAAAHk/IH5FSRDCC88/s1600/ribird.gif" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-TWV8Hjo03PQ/TZvQyZHIfEI/AAAAAAAAAHo/mmTOchu-L2I/s1600/rhodeisland.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-TWV8Hjo03PQ/TZvQyZHIfEI/AAAAAAAAAHo/mmTOchu-L2I/s1600/rhodeisland.jpg" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br />
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</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 12pt;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-NJ-eytESszY/TZvPbAEggPI/AAAAAAAAAHg/7Ai8XZezNVs/s1600/rhode.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="294" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-NJ-eytESszY/TZvPbAEggPI/AAAAAAAAAHg/7Ai8XZezNVs/s320/rhode.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;">Photo Source: Pure Poultry, U.K. </span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;"><br />
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</span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;">Rhode Island Reds are available as both Standard and Bantam fowl.</span><br />
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</span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana;">A very good article on the Colouring of Rhode Island Reds can be found at:</span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana;"><br />
</span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana;">http://www.aviculture-europe.nl/nummers/07E05A04.pdf</span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana;"><br />
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</span></div></div></div>Cameronhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17660301478540340621noreply@blogger.com3tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4871362593993053377.post-83356255167035801432011-04-05T12:28:00.000-07:002011-04-05T12:28:00.725-07:00Dutch Hook Bills - Preserving History<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-XdTz4JQdMZ4/TZtf_9Hd6fI/AAAAAAAAAFo/RO9bAlFJTm8/s1600/krombek.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-XdTz4JQdMZ4/TZtf_9Hd6fI/AAAAAAAAAFo/RO9bAlFJTm8/s320/krombek.JPG" width="312" /></a></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana;"> <span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12pt;">Photo Source: </span><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12pt;">herinckhave.nl</span> </span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Verdana;"><br />
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<span style="font-family: Verdana;">To say that the Dutch Hookbill, (</span><span style="font-family: Verdana;">Noord Hollandse Krombekeend</span><span style="font-family: Verdana;">) is unique is an understatement to say the least. In my mind, they rank up there with Muscovies and Indian Runners as the ‘Cool Ducks on the Block’. <o:p></o:p></span><br />
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</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-iy6IG7oYKYQ/TZtgwm2h3jI/AAAAAAAAAFs/Us547ybvNgU/s1600/0884e0e90e840000a28741ee3b38522a.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="220" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-iy6IG7oYKYQ/TZtgwm2h3jI/AAAAAAAAAFs/Us547ybvNgU/s320/0884e0e90e840000a28741ee3b38522a.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana;">White Bibbed Dusky Hook Bills </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana;">- </span><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12pt;">Photo Source: </span><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12pt;">www.szh.nl</span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Verdana;"><br />
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<span style="font-family: Verdana;">The Hook Bill is characterized by having a long bill that curves downwards from the forehead giving the neck, head and bill a semi-circular appearance; very much like the rounded hook end of a walking cane. </span><br />
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</span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-auYI4ddM9JY/TZtnpevZ3DI/AAAAAAAAAGQ/IANFSLgSLjE/s1600/061768e6fe2d031ef8fbedc067f94bac.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="177" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-auYI4ddM9JY/TZtnpevZ3DI/AAAAAAAAAGQ/IANFSLgSLjE/s320/061768e6fe2d031ef8fbedc067f94bac.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12pt;">Photo Source: </span><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12pt;">www.szh.nl</span></span> </span></div></div><div class="MsoNormal"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-E2wVsrVgsaQ/TZtoUOMPcNI/AAAAAAAAAGU/97DYuFik4yo/s1600/8e8bf1960b170bd5528008bc78808b04.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="177" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-E2wVsrVgsaQ/TZtoUOMPcNI/AAAAAAAAAGU/97DYuFik4yo/s320/8e8bf1960b170bd5528008bc78808b04.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12pt;">Photo Source: </span><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12pt;">www.szh.nl</span></span></span></div><span style="font-family: Verdana;"><br />
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<span style="font-family: Verdana;">Once appearing in many colours, Hook Bills are mainly now found in three distinct colour varieties: White (pure white with pink bills),</span><br />
</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-_b257OVygLA/TZtfUAbZ65I/AAAAAAAAAFk/jwsIJPc5hVM/s1600/witte%252Bkrombek.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-_b257OVygLA/TZtfUAbZ65I/AAAAAAAAAFk/jwsIJPc5hVM/s320/witte%252Bkrombek.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;">White Hook Bill</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana;">l - Source: www.watervogelbond.be/nl/nrkrombekeenden</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-sH8GBgMLXiQ/TZthzrgEa9I/AAAAAAAAAF0/G7f2wLgUkD8/s1600/S+059.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-sH8GBgMLXiQ/TZthzrgEa9I/AAAAAAAAAF0/G7f2wLgUkD8/s320/S+059.JPG" width="320" /></a></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;"> <span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12pt;">Photo Source: </span><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12pt;">picasaweb.google.com</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana;"><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana;">Dusky (females being almost like a the dark coloured Campbells and the males being the flashy dancers with blue bills, green heads and ashy-gray body) and the White Bibbed Dusky (these similar to the Duskies only with the addition of what looks like a white bib on the chest). In Britain, Dusky Blue and Bibbed Dusky Blue are also found.</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana;"> </span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-family: Times; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-2_AZ_nHWAO8/TZtrvyOh7-I/AAAAAAAAAGo/b0y9d0Pc_08/s1600/blauwwitborstkromsnaveleenden.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="195" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-2_AZ_nHWAO8/TZtrvyOh7-I/AAAAAAAAAGo/b0y9d0Pc_08/s320/blauwwitborstkromsnaveleenden.jpg" style="cursor: move;" width="320" /></a></div><div style="font-family: Times; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana;">White Bibbed Blue Dusky Hook Bills - German Photo Source Unknown</span></div><div style="font-family: Times; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana;"><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana;"></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana;">It is said that they used to be found in Europe in numerous other colours including Black, Black-bibbed, Yellow, Apricot, Blue, Grey, White with Black, and Mallard.</span><br />
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</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-k60vEuy4ZgE/TZtegQ3S9cI/AAAAAAAAAFg/UIyYTuZ_-oU/s1600/krombek2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-k60vEuy4ZgE/TZtegQ3S9cI/AAAAAAAAAFg/UIyYTuZ_-oU/s320/krombek2.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;">Black Bibbed Hookbill - Source: www.watervogelbond.be/nl/nrkrombekeenden</span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana;"><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana;">Hook Bills are classified in the Light Duck Category with mature males weighing around 2.5 kg or 5 lbs. and mature females hovering in the 1.25 – 2 kg or 3 – 4 lbs range.</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana;">Even though they are good layers of up to 200 blue-coloured eggs yearly and they were once known for their good quality lean meat, their numbers decreased substantially in Europe, especially after the World Wars, so much so that many of the colours that they were once bred in have disappeared.</span><br />
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</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-4FIB0CisQ2c/TZtlTZijh6I/AAAAAAAAAGI/0qvMJZ4frfI/s1600/images.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-4FIB0CisQ2c/TZtlTZijh6I/AAAAAAAAAGI/0qvMJZ4frfI/s1600/images.jpeg" /></a></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;">Hook Bill Ducklings: Photo Source Unknown</span><br />
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</span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Verdana;">Hook Bill ducks were once extremely popular in The Netherlands, often being found along the canals. It is said that the Hook Bill comes from Asia, but like so many of the older breeds, their history has been lost in time. Documented evidence of the Hook Bill goes back to as early as the late 1500’s and early 1600’swith Dutch and German paintings from these times showing the Hook Bill, often with a crest; not like those found on crested ducks today but rather oval or only being a small tuft of upright feathers. It is extremely rare to find a crested Hook Bill today, even in The Netherlands.</span><br />
</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-xL1xPDQVqLM/TZtcoyFAotI/AAAAAAAAAFU/sXR1o6ocRNs/s1600/krom1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-xL1xPDQVqLM/TZtcoyFAotI/AAAAAAAAAFU/sXR1o6ocRNs/s320/krom1.jpg" width="282" /></a></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;">Crested Hookbill - Source: www.watervogelbond.be/nl/nrkrombekeenden</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-RerK5SMHZ6c/TZtiVFYT7ZI/AAAAAAAAAF8/Z4VQ0vmJlYk/s1600/Afbeelding+052%255B5%255D.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-RerK5SMHZ6c/TZtiVFYT7ZI/AAAAAAAAAF8/Z4VQ0vmJlYk/s320/Afbeelding+052%255B5%255D.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;">Crested Dusky Hookbill and White Hookbill - Photo Source: Unknown</span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Verdana;"><br />
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<span style="font-family: Verdana;">Other documentation providing us with a sense of the Hook Bill’s history is that Charles Darwin wrote about them and is said to have kept a flock on a pond on his estate. </span><span style="font-family: Verdana;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-42vX8g7MuLw/TZtjiRZjjDI/AAAAAAAAAGE/3KBT95ivAaQ/s1600/charles-darwin-320x240.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-42vX8g7MuLw/TZtjiRZjjDI/AAAAAAAAAGE/3KBT95ivAaQ/s1600/charles-darwin-320x240.jpg" /></a></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;">Charles Darwin - Photo Source: www.humanistlife.org.uk</span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Verdana;"><br />
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<span style="font-family: Verdana;">After World War II, only a few Hook Bills remained, mainly in the North Holland region of The Netherlands. By the 1950’s, they appeared to have become extinct.</span><span style="font-family: Verdana;"> Fortunately, after much searching a few older birds were found. Through the efforts of a Mr. P. Deeelstra Cornjum (sic?) and a group headed by him, the conservation effort of the Hook Bill breed began. There is now a waterfowl association in the Netherlands which is charged with the conservation of this breed (http://www.watervogelbond.be/nl/home)</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-sd50dKSLPOg/TZtdlRNIELI/AAAAAAAAAFY/X7Qpm-1ikmo/s1600/kies2.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-sd50dKSLPOg/TZtdlRNIELI/AAAAAAAAAFY/X7Qpm-1ikmo/s1600/kies2.png" /></a></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Verdana;">A 2008 census of endangered breeds revealed only around 120 individual birds in Britain, Belgium, Germany and The Netherlands. In a subsequent survey in 2010 there could only be found 336 living examples of this breed. As the Hook Bill is part of the history of The Netherlands and not wanting to lose this piece of living heritage, the Dutch Rare Breeds and Animal Foundation (</span><span style="font-family: Verdana;">De Stichting Zeldzame Huisdierrassen or SZH as it is known – <a href="http://www.szh.nl/"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none;">www.szh.nl</span></a>) in cooperation with the aforementioned waterfowl association and various waterfowl conservationists have designed a special program to ensure its continuing survival.</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-GbAH6muTJh4/TZteJXWy7zI/AAAAAAAAAFc/JRK7_i8tKwA/s1600/logo.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-GbAH6muTJh4/TZteJXWy7zI/AAAAAAAAAFc/JRK7_i8tKwA/s1600/logo.gif" /></a></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Verdana;"><br />
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<span style="font-family: Verdana;">In 2000, Hook Bills were imported into North America by Dave Holderread (Holderread Waterfowl Farm and Preservation Centre,<a href="http://www.holderreadfarm.com/"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none;">www.holderreadfarm.com</span></a>) where they remain a part of his conservation efforts.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana;"> </span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-hiTPlXNqLiQ/TZtmkDS0UPI/AAAAAAAAAGM/xAV_A02BHNM/s1600/3984ef756d0b81c159880f4c02e566f5.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="220" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-hiTPlXNqLiQ/TZtmkDS0UPI/AAAAAAAAAGM/xAV_A02BHNM/s320/3984ef756d0b81c159880f4c02e566f5.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;">Dusky Pair </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana;">- </span><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12pt;">Photo Source: </span><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12pt;">www.szh.nl</span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana;"><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana;">They have yet to be admitted to the American Standard of perfection although in Europe, they are recognized by national poultry federations in The Netherlands, Germany, France and Britain - to name a few - albeit classified as a rare breed.</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana;">Over four hundred years of history lay behind the Hook Bill, thus making it one of the oldest breeds of domestic waterfowl.</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana;">Hopefully, international efforts to increase breeders and save the remaining colours and bloodlines will assure continuing survival of this unique waterfowl.</span><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-O_9C0bs5nac/TZtpu3DnjeI/AAAAAAAAAGc/yIx0KsckxHU/s1600/krombekeend4.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="213" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-O_9C0bs5nac/TZtpu3DnjeI/AAAAAAAAAGc/yIx0KsckxHU/s320/krombekeend4.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana;">White Hook Bills - Photo Source Unknown </span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-_LuzfQa_e6I/TZtqmLsh5RI/AAAAAAAAAGg/u1FrDVXk1ng/s1600/5172153773_615e30d064.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="213" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-_LuzfQa_e6I/TZtqmLsh5RI/AAAAAAAAAGg/u1FrDVXk1ng/s320/5172153773_615e30d064.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana;">Blue Dusky Female - Photo Source Unknown</span></div></div>Cameronhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17660301478540340621noreply@blogger.com5tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4871362593993053377.post-28013847672522492542011-04-03T12:55:00.089-07:002011-05-04T08:58:07.822-07:00The Nebraskan Turkey<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-GB4plMhP6rw/TZjL7wEPQKI/AAAAAAAAAFM/pxsJHL4pgzw/s1600/BestAOV-Nebraskan.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="300" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-GB4plMhP6rw/TZjL7wEPQKI/AAAAAAAAAFM/pxsJHL4pgzw/s400/BestAOV-Nebraskan.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 2px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 2px; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Best AOV (Nebraskan) Turkey Club UK 2007 Show</span></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 2px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 2px; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">The Nebraskan Turkey traces its origins to being a mutation that appeared in 1947 in a closed flock of Broad Breasted Bronze. Thirteen poults were hatched the first year. These in turn provided the basis of a new true-breeding variety named Nebraska</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 2px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 2px; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">n by the originator R. H. Jandebeur of North Platte, Nebraska.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 2px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 2px; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana;">There are apparently three colour strains recognized of the Nebraskan turkey. The Royal Nebraskan, also known as the "grizzled turkey", is characterized by a blending of gray and black, the pattern being broken or uneven. The Nebraska (Nebraskan?) Royal is basically white with black spotting. Why "Royal" had to be used twice is beyond me and probably led to much discrepancy in the breeding of the pure strains. The Spotted Nebraskan is white and spotted with any other colour than black, example the Blue Spotted Nebraskan, the Red Spotted Nebraskan or the Buff Spotted Nebraskan. Since the Nebraskans are really all a result of gene mutations, the ability to breed and maintain "pure strains" was somewhat difficult.</span><br />
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12.0pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">There is a link to an interesting article on the Nebraskan in a 1950's issue of </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Turkey World at the U.K. Turkey Club site. It is in pdf. format and can be viewed by going to the TCUK website at: </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><a href="http://turkeyclub.org.uk/nebraskan.pdf" style="text-decoration: none;">http://turkeyclub.org.uk</a></span></div><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Kevin Porter, of Porter Turkeys, has a page on Nebraskans: </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">http://www.porterturkeys.com/nebraskan.htm</span><br />
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</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Mr. Porter has also put out an appeal for anyone knowing of any surviving birds in the United States to get in touch with him:</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">poterturkeys@aol.com or:</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; line-height: 18px;">Porter's Rare Heritage Turkeys</span><br />
<div style="line-height: 18px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">6460 E 784 N</span></div><div style="line-height: 18px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Fremont, IN 46737</span></div><div style="line-height: 18px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Phone number: 260-243-1365</span></div><div style="line-height: 18px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"></span></div><div align="center" style="line-height: 18px;"></div><form action="http://groups.yahoo.com/subscribe/TurkeyColorGenetics" method="get" style="background-color: #ffffcc; line-height: 18px; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 2px; width: 254px;"></form><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">The only Nebraskans I have come across in extensive Internet searching are the few flocks still surviving in Britain.</span><br />
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</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-7HB3VCU8TPo/TZi7_7sSJaI/AAAAAAAAAFE/_fzzze0Jpug/s1600/Spotted+Nebrakan+1.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="280" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-7HB3VCU8TPo/TZi7_7sSJaI/AAAAAAAAAFE/_fzzze0Jpug/s320/Spotted+Nebrakan+1.jpeg" style="cursor: move;" width="320" /></a></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Nebraskan - Spotted strain - Source of Photo: Feathersite.com</span></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">An interesting article on the spotting of Nebraskan variety can be found at:</span></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">http://jhered.oxfordjournals.org/content/46/6/285.extract</span></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Sadly, it appears that the Nebraskan Turkey, once popular in the United States, is no longer being raised in its homeland (If ANYONE has information regarding birds in the U.S. or Canada, please contact Mr. K. Porter - contact information above). </span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"></span><b><span style="font-family: Verdana;">From the 1998 SPPA Turkey Census Report:</span></b><br />
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<b><blockquote><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><b>In the 1952 census there were 16,951 Nebraskans</b>, (but it does not indicate if they were Broad Breasted). Therefore, ever since their surge in popularity in the 50's the old spotted or "pied colored mutations" have been known as Nebraskans. ... <b>A total of 10 hens (3 are blue) and 4 toms were listed by two breeders (1998)</b>. They make up less than 1% of the Historical Farm turkeys.</span> </blockquote></b><br />
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</span></span></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">The few remaining birds are being raised in Britain. </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">From The Birmingham Post, A British newspaper comes this article:</span></div><blockquote><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">A Midland chartered surveyor has stepped in to save a rare flock of turkeys from death just weeks before Christmas. Richard Mumford drove hundreds of miles to rescue 30 Nebraskan turkeys from the Roslin Institute in Edinburgh. </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Experts at the institute, famed for cloning Dolly the sheep, were going to kill the birds for the Christmas pot after finishing years of research. But now, thanks to Mr Mumford and colleagues from the Turkey Club UK, the animals will spend their Christmas roaming Mr Mumford's farm in Evesham, Worcestershire.</span></blockquote><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><blockquote>Mr Mumford, who has bred Nebraskan turkeys for four years, said staff at Roslin were preparing to kill the birds for their <span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;">Christmas dinner</span> if no one wanted to save them.</blockquote><blockquote>British United Turkeys originally gave the Nebraskan turkeys to the institute and for the last ten years various aspects of research work have been undertaken on the birds. The Nebraskans helped three students gain doctorates and one student a masters degree. <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">They were studied for their reproductive functioning, </span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">feathering</span></span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"> and breast blisters, muscle quality and feather pecking. </span></span></span></blockquote><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 13pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 13px;"></span></span></div><blockquote><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">With turkey </span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">research funding</span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"> at an end, the future of the birds was in doubt, but Turkey ClubUK stepped in and agreed to find homes where the birds would be looked after. </span></span></blockquote><blockquote><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Paul </span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Hocking</span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">, of the Roslin Institute, said he was delighted the Turkey Club UK had intervened. </span></span></blockquote><blockquote><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;">"The line has been a very valuable resource for research into ways to improve commercial turkey strains," he said. "</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">However, the turkey funding has come to an end and it is hoped that sometime in the future we may be able to continue this work. But </span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">in the meantime</span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"> we're glad our turkeys have found good homes.'' </span></span></blockquote><blockquote><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;">The Roslin Institute is not alone in welcoming the Turkey Club UK involvement. </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;">Dr Cliff Nixey, technical director of British United Turkeys, said: </span></blockquote><blockquote><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">"I am delighted that the flock is being conserved, for their value has been proven during experimental trials on turkey muscle quality, nutrition and other aspects of turkey rearing. </span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;">Hopefully, this will ensure their availability for future work and I'm so pleased there are enthusiasts maintaining these old pure breeds."</span></blockquote><blockquote>- 2001 Birmingham Post & Mail Ltd </blockquote><o:p></o:p><br />
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<div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-eyG_BMq0bcs/TcFx-EsF33I/AAAAAAAAAY8/uObgr4ZLBJk/s1600/DSCN2407.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="300" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-eyG_BMq0bcs/TcFx-EsF33I/AAAAAAAAAY8/uObgr4ZLBJk/s400/DSCN2407.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">A Nebraskan from the Flock of Janice Houghton-Wallace<br />
Photo Courtesy of Margaret Thomson and Janice Houghton-Wallace<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-CQyQWyHtERk/TcFzDaAMXlI/AAAAAAAAAZA/OqQTdgLW53g/s1600/DSCN2411.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="300" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-CQyQWyHtERk/TcFzDaAMXlI/AAAAAAAAAZA/OqQTdgLW53g/s400/DSCN2411.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Red Nebraskan Trio from the Flock of Janice Houghton-Wallace<br />
Photo Courtesy of Margaret Thomson and Janice Houghton-Wallace</td></tr>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">An Article from Another British Newspaper:</span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><blockquote><b>Wilbur keeps line alive and escapes oven</b></blockquote><blockquote>WILBUR is a turkey with a mission — to help keep his rare breed from extinction.</blockquote><blockquote>Not only does that mean that stag turkey Wilbur can dedicate his life to producing lots and lots of little Norfolk Black Turkeys, it also means he escapes a trip to the Christmas pot.</blockquote><blockquote>Wilbur is part of farmer Peter Hayford's breeding stock of rare turkeys at his farm near Diptford.</blockquote><blockquote>Next Friday Wilbur will be taking pride of place at the farmers' market in Kingsbridge where he will be helping to highlight the job of the Rare Breed Survival Trust which Mr Hayford chairs.</blockquote><blockquote>Wilbur is among 30 rare breeding turkeys on Mr Hayford's farm which includes the even rarer Nebraskan turkey, which are now so few and far between there are none left in Nebraska.</blockquote><blockquote>However Wilbur was chosen for the trip to Kingsbridge because of his temperament and his showmanship.</blockquote><blockquote>"He is quite well behaved," said Mr Hayford. "Some of the turkeys can be a bit cowed and no one wants to see a depressed turkey stood in the middle of a pen. Wilbur is a bit of a show off and quite happy to be looked at. I will also be bringing a hen with him to keep him company."</blockquote><blockquote>The visit by Wilbur is designed as a bit of an Easter special for the popular monthly market which goes ahead in the town square in Kingsbridge.</blockquote><blockquote>Wilbur's main job on the farm is to breed new Norfolk Blacks and stay away from the roasting tray.</blockquote><blockquote>In fact Wilbur is way past his eating best now, although he is likely to be up to fathering more turkeys for the next decade at least.</blockquote><blockquote>Mr Hayford added: "He is more than two years old. He would be as tough as old boots now and no good for eating."</blockquote><blockquote>Also on show at the market will be chocolatier Leonie Rees who will be demonstrating the art of chocolate dipping, including how to dip and decorate Easter eggs and Easter bunnies.</blockquote><blockquote>John Yeoman, Kingsbridge farmers' market manager, said: "Both the practical chocolate decorating demonstrations and the chance to meet Peter and his rare breed poultry promise to make this market a truly educational and fun experience."</blockquote><blockquote>Carol Trant, South Hams Council's business support officer, said: "It promises to be a great day out with the added treat of chocolate. This is a fun way for you and your family to feel reconnected with your food and the local countryside. Teaching children about the seasons and where their food is grown and comes from gives more meaning to mealtimes." </blockquote><blockquote> - South West Business (Thursday, March 26, 2009)</blockquote></span> <br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-JXekj_b7N7I/TcF0c9vh6nI/AAAAAAAAAZE/o-ZwG3nE7I4/s1600/DSCN2412.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="300" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-JXekj_b7N7I/TcF0c9vh6nI/AAAAAAAAAZE/o-ZwG3nE7I4/s400/DSCN2412.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Red Nebraskan Group from the Flock of Janice Houghton-Wallace<br />
Photo Courtesy of Margaret Thomson and Janice Houghton-Wallace</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-Rbhvi8U4IGw/TcF0fvsWhUI/AAAAAAAAAZI/5Hq7ZcIh3L0/s1600/DSCN2418.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="300" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-Rbhvi8U4IGw/TcF0fvsWhUI/AAAAAAAAAZI/5Hq7ZcIh3L0/s400/DSCN2418.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Nebraskan Group from the Flock of Janice Houghton-Wallace<br />
Photo Courtesy of Margaret Thomson and Janice Houghton-Wallace</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-Tj97B-kHX4w/TcF0iun-d6I/AAAAAAAAAZM/ucKcTesGlxc/s1600/DSCN2419.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="300" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-Tj97B-kHX4w/TcF0iun-d6I/AAAAAAAAAZM/ucKcTesGlxc/s400/DSCN2419.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Nebraskan Group from the Flock of Janice Houghton-Wallace<br />
Photo Courtesy of Margaret Thomson and Janice Houghton-Wallace</td></tr>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">From the Turkey Club Uk website, in a listing of Show Winners, is the following:</span></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: bold; line-height: 18px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">National Federation of Poultry Club’s Championship Show</span></span></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 18px;"></span></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">TCUK Regional Show held at the National Federation of Poultry Club’s Championship Show, Stafford on Saturday 20 – Sunday 21 December 2008</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Judge: Benjamin Shepherd<br />
Norfolk Black: 1st - William Smith; 2nd – Wakeham Team<br />
Bronze: 1st, Best Bronze and Champion Turkey – M.Lovelace; 2nd – Wakeham Team; 3rd – P.Hayford; 4th – Wakeham Team<br />
Bourbon Red: 1st & Best Bourbon Red – J.Houghton-Wallace<br />
Buff: 1st & Best Buff – P.Hayford<br />
Slate: 1st & Best Slate – J.Houghton-Wallace; 2nd – Wakeham Team; 3rd – Wakeham Team<br />
Pied: 1st & Best Pied – Wakeham Team; 2nd – J.Houghton-Wallace; 3rd – P.Hayford<br />
Narragansett: 1st, Best Narragansett & Reserve Champion Turkey – P.Hayford; 2nd – J.Houghton-Wallace</span><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Nebraskan: 1st & Best Nebraskan – J.Houghton – Wallace</span></b><br />
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</span></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">The cover for the book, </span><u><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Not Just For Christmas, The Complete Guide to Raising Turkeys</span></u><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">, written by Ms. Janice Houghton-Wallace, showcases two very rare Red Nebraskan turkeys.</span></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br />
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<div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><b>Re: The Status of The Nebraskan Turkey in Britain</b></span></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Information from Mr. Mike Sumner (Mike Sumner Pure Breed Poultry and Waterfowl - http://www.msumner.co.uk)</span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><blockquote>"The birds in circulation in the UK in early 2011 all have red pigmented spots. They are often referred to as Nebraskans but are likely to be Harvey Spotted. The colour genotype of the Harvey Spot is not fully established but seems to include combinations of b+, cg, r, and na with perhaps other unknown factors, but is thought to not carry the spotted gene sp. It is possible that some of those that came from the Roslin Institute could be carrying spotted genes but this has not been established. As far as I know, there is only one true strain of Nebraskans (b+b+spsp) in the UK, those that descend from the population established by Carol Harvey at British United Turkeys, and these are being kept at two or three locations in private collections."</blockquote></div></span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><b>Anyone having Pictures of Nebraskans that they would like to share, please email Cameron at: </b>mcattack_ca@yahoo.com</span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-cBK2mQO3bqk/TcF1iJ0oe8I/AAAAAAAAAZQ/8VJrEsJUju8/s1600/DSCN2420.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="300" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-cBK2mQO3bqk/TcF1iJ0oe8I/AAAAAAAAAZQ/8VJrEsJUju8/s400/DSCN2420.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Nebraskan Pair from the Flock of Janice Houghton-Wallace<br />
Photo Courtesy of Margaret Thomson and Janice Houghton-Wallace</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-P9vBYU0M4Xc/TcF1o6TlclI/AAAAAAAAAZU/omritCzXWtk/s1600/DSCN2429.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="300" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-P9vBYU0M4Xc/TcF1o6TlclI/AAAAAAAAAZU/omritCzXWtk/s400/DSCN2429.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Nebraskans from the Flock of Janice Houghton-Wallace<br />
Photo Courtesy of Margaret Thomson and Janice Houghton-Wallace</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-2keSFLas5Uw/TcF1ssWS78I/AAAAAAAAAZY/VpXe7uHcZv8/s1600/DSCN2430.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="300" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-2keSFLas5Uw/TcF1ssWS78I/AAAAAAAAAZY/VpXe7uHcZv8/s400/DSCN2430.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Nebraskan Hen from the Flock of Janice Houghton-Wallace<br />
Photo Courtesy of Margaret Thomson and Janice Houghton-Wallace</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-Cir1ad9WWEQ/TcF1wa2iX-I/AAAAAAAAAZc/y7DLXkkX5G0/s1600/DSCN2431.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="300" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-Cir1ad9WWEQ/TcF1wa2iX-I/AAAAAAAAAZc/y7DLXkkX5G0/s400/DSCN2431.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Nebraskan Toms (Stags) from the Flock of Janice Houghton-Wallace<br />
Photo Courtesy of Margaret Thomson and Janice Houghton-Wallace</td></tr>
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</span></div>Cameronhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17660301478540340621noreply@blogger.com3tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4871362593993053377.post-70742938865406617992011-04-03T11:38:00.000-07:002011-04-03T11:38:50.085-07:00The Charlevoix Turkey<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Poultry was once the most diverse group of livestock on the old family farm. Such farms would have their flock of chickens for meat and eggs, some ducks and geese - valuable for meat and down, and of you would also probably find some turkeys. Unfortunately, with the dwindling numbers of family farms and the growth of agr-business, the diversity once found in poultry no longer exists. In fact, in the past century it is believed that nearly one thousand varieties have disappeared world-wide, and of those which remain, many are on the verge of extinction. Not only are we losing a tie to our past, but we are also losing a valuable genetic pool, so important for species to survive. </span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">With the advent of the large commercial turkey industry in the early 1900's, the various turkey varieties started to disappear from the agricultural landscape. Today in North America, almost all of the older varieties are listed in the Critical column by the American Livestock Breeds Conservancy. The two varieties of turkeys developed in Canada, the Ridley Bronze and the Charlevoix, have almost completely disappeared. </span><br />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-6tuIRkb61no/TZi7Ktv99WI/AAAAAAAAAE8/dwBX61evP4w/s1600/Ridley+Bronze+Pair.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="247" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-6tuIRkb61no/TZi7Ktv99WI/AAAAAAAAAE8/dwBX61evP4w/s400/Ridley+Bronze+Pair.jpeg" width="400" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Ridley Bronze Pair - Source of Photo Unknown</span></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">It will take a concerted effort by heritage bird conservationists, government agencies and poultry organizations to save these varieties. In the United States, a variety which has met a similar fate, is the Nebraskan. </span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">When I tell friends that I find turkeys to be cute, interesting and one of my favourite animals, they look at me with that look that says, "Okay, time for him to be committed to the asylum!" I guess for some people the caruncles and snoods can be a little off-putting or a little pre-historic like, but I think its what gives these birds an aura of royalty. (I must admit, I also like Turken and Malagache chickens - the ones with the naked necks, but more on those in another blog)</span><br />
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<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Canada's Turkey Varieties - Here today, gone tomorrow? </span></b><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">As mentioned previously, there are two varieties of turkeys which were developed in Canada, the Ridley Bronze and the Charlevoix. Of the two, the lesser known and the one I would suggest requires the most immediate attention in order to save it from completely disappearing from the planet, is the Charlevoix. I first came upon the name of this variety while actually researching the historical origins of another turkey variety, the Beltseville Small Whites. There, within the list of varieties were seven words which piqued my interest and tweaked at my "ethnocentrism a.k.a. Canadian Pride".</span><br />
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<blockquote><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">"...Researchers of The U. S. Department of Agriculture started in 1934 with the following combination of turkey varieties to produce the Beltsville: Standard Bronze (2 strains); Broad Breasted Bronze (1 strain); </span><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Charlevoix (Canadian small-type) Bronze (1 strain)</span></b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">; White Holland (4 strains); Black (1 strain); Narragansett (1 strain); wild (4 strains); and White Austrian (1 strain) a small-type turkey imported from Scotland specifically for this project. Seven years later the Beltsville White was introduced in 1941." - 1998 SPPA Turkey Census Report submitted by Paula Johnson</span></blockquote><br />
<!--StartFragment--><!--EndFragment--><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Now that my interest in this variety was , my goal was to track this variety down and to find out why, in almost all poultry references I had seen, I had never come across this variety. I got in touch with Margaret Thompson, the Species Coordinator for Turkeys at Rare Breeds Canada, but unfortunately, she had no sources nor information on the variety, other than it was a Canadian Bronze variety developed in the Province of Quebec.</span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">With my limited French - especially in matters concerning poultry, I scoured French-language websites and blogs. By chance, at the same time I was searching for information on the Chantecler, and was directed to a Chantecler breeder by the name of Michel Boulianne at la ferme Lescault. I clicked on the link to his turkey page and to my great surprise, I saw:</span><br />
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<blockquote><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Dindon bronze</span></blockquote><blockquote><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Parmi les dindons, la variété que l'on nomme "le bronzé de Chalevoix" est la plus productive. Ce dindon devient moins lourd que la variété américaine dite "amélioré" à large poitrine. C'est un oiseau plus résistant et il est plutôt rare de perdre des jeunes . Les femelles sont de bonnes pondeuses et les mâles n'ont pas de difficultés à s'accoupler. La viande est d'une excellente qualité et d'un excellent goût.</span></blockquote><!--EndFragment--> <br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">My 'not-100%-exact' translation:</span><br />
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<blockquote><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Bronze Turkeys</span></blockquote><blockquote><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Of all the varieties of turkeys, the "Charlevoix Bronze" is the most productive. It is lighter than the American Bronze with an improved large breast. (I am not sure if he means “less heavy” or “smaller” or both, which it supposedly is) It is a hardy bird that rarely loses its young. The hens are good layers and the toms do not have difficulty to mate. The meat is of an excellent quality and taste.</span></blockquote><!--EndFragment--> <br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Over a year I have tried to no avail to get in touch with Michel Boulianne to be able to find out more about the Charlevoix variety. I have heard via various Quebec poultry forums that due to health and other restraints that he has downsized his operation considerably. This from a person looking for Chanteclers of which he was known to raise exceptional specimens:</span><br />
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<blockquote><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">"...mais il a décidé de diminuer son élevage car il est trop occupé et il n'Est pas sur de faire des poussins au printemps..."</span></blockquote><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 18px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">So, in effect, the search for the elusive Charlevoix still continues. If you know of any information regarding this variety, please contact me at:</span></span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 18px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">cameron@breedsavers.com</span></span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 18px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Also, I want to create a page listing persons who are breeding heritage variety turkeys, both here in Canada and abroad. If you are interested in having your name, address and/or website listed, please contact me at:</span></span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">I am not going to go into the history of the turkey here, neither the exhibition nor the husbandry thereof. For that I recommend joining the following groups:</span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Rare Heritage Turkey at Yahoo Groups:</span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">http://tech.groups.yahoo.com/group/RareHeritageTurkey/ </span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">and, a relatively new group,</span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Exhibition Turkey Fanciers at Yahoo Groups:</span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">http://tech.groups.yahoo.com/group/ExhibitionTurkeyFanciers/?yguid=149364197</span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">http://exhibitionturkeyfanciers.bravehost.com/</span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">the Heritage Exhibition Turkey Thread on the BackyardChickens Forum:</span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">http://www.backyardchickens.com/forum/viewtopic.php?id=429669</span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">and the Turkey Club UK at:</span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">http://www.turkeyclub.org.uk/?file=kop1.php</span>Cameronhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17660301478540340621noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4871362593993053377.post-67650316933751268082011-04-02T14:41:00.002-07:002011-04-08T10:25:07.088-07:00The Chantecler - Canada's Chicken Breed<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Not far from where I currently reside is the birthplace of the only breed of chicken developed in Canada to be recognized by the American Poultry Association. On the north shore of Lac de Deux-Montagnes, in the</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"> Municipality of Saint-Joseph-du-Lac, is an old Trappist monastery with which was connected </span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">L’institut agricole d’Oka - The Oka Agricultural Insititute.</span><br />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-CH-lJ4m6lvU/TZO5tq5qiTI/AAAAAAAAACI/Wr82YbT84x8/s1600/Oka+Monastery+and+Lands.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="212" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-CH-lJ4m6lvU/TZO5tq5qiTI/AAAAAAAAACI/Wr82YbT84x8/s320/Oka+Monastery+and+Lands.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">La Trappe d'Oka - Oka Tappist Monastery </span></div><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">It is here that in the early 1900's a breed of chicken was developed. That breed, the Chantecler, came into being as a result of the persistence of a Trappist monk by the name of Brother Wilfrid Chatelain. Brother Wilfrid was at that time in charge of the poultry department of the school. As the story goes, he was given a tour of the facilities to his father and was proudly showing him the various breeds that were being raised - Cornish Game, Leghorns, Plymouth Rocks, Rhode Island Reds and Wyandottes - these were the main varieties being kept and studied, but there were also others. His father, apparently a farmer and very interested in what Brother Wilfrid was doing at the school, asked him the question that would forever change the history of poultry in Canada. "This is all very well, but the Canadian breed - where is it?" Brother Wilfrid could not answer his father, and at that moment, in 1907, Brother Wilfrid decided that Canada needed to have a breed of chicken it could call its own and he was intent on developing it.</span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Brother Wilfrid wanted his chicken to be "Canadian Hardy"; a bird with personality and character. Knowing the difficulty chickens with large combs and wattles have in the harsh Canadian winters, he decided that his breed should have a very closely set comb with small wattles in proportion thereto of. In addition, he wanted the new breed to be dual purpose, both for eggs and meat, so that the small farmer would have an all-round bird and white, so that once butchered, there would be no evidence of dark pin feathers. With these qualities in mind, Brother Wilfrid set upon his quest to develop his Canadian chicken.</span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">L’institut agricole d’Oka had several breeds of chickens from which Brother Wilfrid chose the parental stock. The Dark Cornish, with its vigorous temperament, small comb and small wattles, and stocky, meaty body was one of his first choices. As the Cornish is not known as a productive layer, he decided to use the White Leghorn for this trait. Winter egg production also being one of his goals, he decided to add White Plymouth Rocks, White Wyandottes, and Rose Comb Rhode Island Reds into the mix. </span><br />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-cIRnQgLitO8/TZdznOHUC8I/AAAAAAAAADA/ynDa3wwRvBw/s1600/Dark+Group.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="366" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-cIRnQgLitO8/TZdznOHUC8I/AAAAAAAAADA/ynDa3wwRvBw/s400/Dark+Group.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"> Dark Cornish</span><br />
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</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-rvuIDGcDqZA/TZd0GN6GRlI/AAAAAAAAADE/3LcvmLFV6qQ/s1600/White+Pair.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-rvuIDGcDqZA/TZd0GN6GRlI/AAAAAAAAADE/3LcvmLFV6qQ/s400/White+Pair.jpg" width="303" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">White Leghorn</span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br />
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</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-cwsNmqafNdw/TZdzJ1X_ckI/AAAAAAAAAC8/mXCRW4FVxkE/s1600/Plymouth_Rock_Wit_haan.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="300" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-cwsNmqafNdw/TZdzJ1X_ckI/AAAAAAAAAC8/mXCRW4FVxkE/s400/Plymouth_Rock_Wit_haan.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">White Plymouth Rock</span></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-OMTVWoMHZ1o/TZd0qJLF9lI/AAAAAAAAADI/1fKNIIeJ0zU/s1600/White+Cock+1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="300" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-OMTVWoMHZ1o/TZd0qJLF9lI/AAAAAAAAADI/1fKNIIeJ0zU/s400/White+Cock+1.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">White Wyandotte</span></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-plI60-aZQXo/TZeWeYDzQSI/AAAAAAAAAE4/RJZ0Vwo6QeM/s1600/11879_dscn1060_new.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-plI60-aZQXo/TZeWeYDzQSI/AAAAAAAAAE4/RJZ0Vwo6QeM/s400/11879_dscn1060_new.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Rose Comb Rhode Island Red</span></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">From 1908 to 1918, Brother Wilfrid crossed these breeds until he developed the bird that demonstrated all of the traits he required. Thus, in 1918, Brother Wilfrid presented to the Poultry World Canada's first breed of Chicken, a beautiful white bird he named "Chantecler" in honour of the famous rooster in the play of the same name, Chantecler, by famous French poet and dramatist, Edmond Rostand (best known for his play Cyrano de Bergerac). In the play, the barnyard rooster believes that his song in the morning alone makes the sun to rise. The Chantecler, by Brother Wilfrid, was the rising of the sun on the Canadian poultry world.</span><br />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-qhEDDzjdHo8/TZdC8yAoQHI/AAAAAAAAACQ/8W4KlA52bJk/s1600/Chantecler_chicken.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="350" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-qhEDDzjdHo8/TZdC8yAoQHI/AAAAAAAAACQ/8W4KlA52bJk/s400/Chantecler_chicken.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">The Chanteclers popularity was swift growing, first amongst Quebec poultry farmers then spreading swiftly throughout Canada and the United States. On August 10th, 1921, having met all the requirements of admission, the Chantecler was officially recognized as a distinct breed by the American Poultry Association and was therefore admitted into the Association's Standard of Perfection. The White Chantecler was officially introduced to the International poultry world at the World Poultry Congress that was held in Ottawa from July 27th to August 4, 1927.</span><br />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-2AmRHu_hbew/TZdm8p50vAI/AAAAAAAAACk/9MygjR-D53Y/s1600/126251-andre-auclair-saint-paulin-eleveur.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="265" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-2AmRHu_hbew/TZdm8p50vAI/AAAAAAAAACk/9MygjR-D53Y/s400/126251-andre-auclair-saint-paulin-eleveur.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 16px;">Andre Auclair and some of his Chanteclers</span></span></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Brother Wilfrid was also instrumental in the forming of the very first Chantecler Breeders Association, which came into being in 1918. Later, in 1922, he wrote a booklet of 47 pages called The Chantecler - Breeder's Manual (Title translated into English). This booklet entailed valuable information on the keeping and breeding of pure Chantecler.</span><br />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-GJMtbTIONV0/TZdfWsnD5GI/AAAAAAAAACU/34Oxom5XPhM/s1600/Chantecler+Bisco+rooster+snow.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-GJMtbTIONV0/TZdfWsnD5GI/AAAAAAAAACU/34Oxom5XPhM/s400/Chantecler+Bisco+rooster+snow.jpg" width="327" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Chantecler Rooster - Source Unknown</span></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">In 1918, the Chantecler Breeder's Association held its first General Meeting. The Association's rules were developed and officers elected with Brother Wilfrid being elected in the position of Technical Advisor. The Association's rules were quite strict. The following are a couple of the rules that members had to agree upon:</span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">- "Neither sell, lend, lease, give, exchange, allow to be utilized or procured in any matter whatever, any living bird of the new breed, nor hatching eggs, to or by any person except members for two years. Any breach of this engagement rendered the delinquent liable ipso facto to the sum of $25.00 and expulsion from the Association."</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">- "Bring or send, the first year, ALL his birds to the annual meeting or any place designated, where they would be examined by competent judges named by the Association. Any birds found to be unfit for breeding purposes, to be killed there, and sold, their value to be transmitted to their owners. A breach of this engagement rendered the member liable to expulsion from the Association."</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">- "Keep for breeding purposes only the birds approaching standard type, and as far as possible to breed only Chanteclers."</span><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-xxHylQCgFdI/TZd2396eWNI/AAAAAAAAADQ/NM3neD_u7CM/s1600/chanteclers_photo_03.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="273" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-xxHylQCgFdI/TZd2396eWNI/AAAAAAAAADQ/NM3neD_u7CM/s400/chanteclers_photo_03.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">(Perhaps there is a need to adopt these rigorous rules today in order to save some of the Heritage Breeds that are in danger of disappearing forever.)</span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">In 1919, the Association held its first ever all-Chantecler show in Montreal. Over 300 birds were shown - imagine, 300 of one breed only!. The second such show, also held in Montreal, was even more popular and over 25,000 people visited and were impressed by the Chantecler. The Chantecler's rise in popularity was such that in 1925, Brother Wilfrid alone hatched over 7,400 chicks.</span><br />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-jobjFY5LLWE/TZdtlrTqlKI/AAAAAAAAACw/jIDPbqqxbOo/s1600/123986.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="225" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-jobjFY5LLWE/TZdtlrTqlKI/AAAAAAAAACw/jIDPbqqxbOo/s400/123986.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Photo courtesy of Radio Canada</span></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Unfortunately, as big Agri-business is eliminating the sustainability of small family farms, the elimination of urban flocks, and strict rules for the keeping of poultry (thanks to Government and Big business collusion) have all played a part in the disappearing of the various breeds of chickens, other poultry and livestock that once were found in abundant numbers across North America. Like so many others, the Chantecler has faced this dilemma, so much so, that at one time, it was actually declared extinct. Fortunately, breeders maintaining stock from years gone by were found and today the Chantecler, although still considered endangered, is slowly making a comeback. </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana;">Up until recently, there were only 2,000 Chantecler chickens worldwide, most of them in Quebec. Chantecler chickens are raised at a slower pace than modern hybrid chickens but their meat is very tasty.</span><br />
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- the above information comes from the book, <u>The Chantecler & Other Rare Poultry Breeds</u>, by Linda M.Gryner and the Miner Heritage Farm Website (www.fermeheritageminer.ca)<br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><b>Recognizing the value of this Canadian breed, in 1999, the Government of Quebec, proclaimed the Chantecler a provincial heritage animal. </b></span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-d8yJVa2Y77Y/TZd4iYI9BrI/AAAAAAAAADU/6c1bfmoSr0s/s1600/chanteclers.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="222" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-d8yJVa2Y77Y/TZd4iYI9BrI/AAAAAAAAADU/6c1bfmoSr0s/s400/chanteclers.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #555555; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;">Chantecler Rrooster and three Hens Displayed at the Fête Éco-Bio-Paysanne</span> </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana;">"Fred Silversides, a poultry research scientist with Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, mapped out the breeding plan that will preserve the Chantecler breed. As he explained, the best way to preserve a breed is to market it and have people eat it, because if a breed is being used for consumption, the breed’s population will be strong and stable.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana;">The preservation of the breed is underway. As a report in the newspaper Le Devoir noted: in 2008, after years of considerable apathy, Quebec’s three poultry producer unions finally gave in to repeated requests by Chantecler chicken breeders. Under the agreement Chantecler chickens can be raised and marketed outside the strict regulations that prevailed in the industry until recently. This is being done to promote the survival of Quebec’s own breed, while enabling consumers to again enjoy this home-grown product. On September 25, 2009, three Quebec poultry-producer organizations – Éleveurs de volailles du Québec (EVQ), Fédération de producteur d’œufs de consommation (FPOCQ) and the syndicat des producteurs d’œufs d’incubation du Québec (SPOIQ) signed a memorandum of understanding with the Fédération de producteurs races patrimoniales du Québec (FPRPQ) aimed at ensuring the breed will be maintained. The plan to save this heritage breed consists of allowing 10 farms to raise Chantecler flocks, each comprising 150 hens and 15 roosters, producing a maximum of 30,000 laying eggs and 20,000 chickens. These chickens would be distributed in specialty shops. There would also be 500 laying hens to produce eggs for the consumer.</span></div><div class="MsoBodyText"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana;">The parties also agreed to implement the appropriate legal measures for the preservation and maintaining of the Chantecler breed. The joint plans of the three organizations will provide the 10 farms selected by the FPRPQ with the rights to preserve and maintain the breed. There will be a logbook on each of the farms and a certificate of authenticity of the breed for production will be established under a guarantee of quality of the consumer-intended eggs and chickens. The products that come from these Chantecler breeding farms will become the first such guaranteed quality label products in this sector of the poultry industry. This will lead to the developing of new niches in the marketplace and the creating of consumer product, thereby ensuring the survival of the Chantecler breed."</span></div><div class="MsoBodyText"><span style="font-family: Verdana;">- </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times;">the Miner Heritage Farm Website (www.fermeheritageminer.ca)</span></div><div class="MsoBodyText"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">- Le Devoirs article in French further down</span></span></span></span></div></span><br />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-7jF4LCKQ6VE/TZdxEcivOPI/AAAAAAAAAC0/BkPTY7KvEXg/s1600/poules_chantecler_michel_boulianne.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="112" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-7jF4LCKQ6VE/TZdxEcivOPI/AAAAAAAAAC0/BkPTY7KvEXg/s400/poules_chantecler_michel_boulianne.gif" width="400" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Chantecler Flock - Source: Michel Boulianne, La Ferme Leclerc</span></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Today, the Chantecler is sold from various hatcheries in four colour varieties - Buff, Partridge, White, and Red - but of these, only two, the White and Partridge, are recognized by the American Poultry Association. The Red form is the newest, some currently sold from Ideal Poultry and Sand Hill Preservation Center, but there appears to be great variance in colour and form and as of yet, no standard has been agreed upon. The Buff variety is also new and many breeders have been perfecting the standardization of the colour to meet the Chantecler type requirements. Chantecler, originally created in Standard form, are now also found as Bantams.</span><br />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-oUKT4lKntFc/TZdyLEm5jZI/AAAAAAAAAC4/pOnHkgHsXGM/s1600/ferme3.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="640" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-oUKT4lKntFc/TZdyLEm5jZI/AAAAAAAAAC4/pOnHkgHsXGM/s640/ferme3.jpg" width="424" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">White Chantecler Rooster - Source: Moulin des Pionniers </span></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-MRyVhxyxf-E/TZdgDJc47uI/AAAAAAAAACY/56v_b-Cfyms/s1600/Buff+Chanteclers.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="341" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-MRyVhxyxf-E/TZdgDJc47uI/AAAAAAAAACY/56v_b-Cfyms/s400/Buff+Chanteclers.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Buff Chantecler - </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 17px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Sylvie Denault's Flock</span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Source: Photo Courtesy of <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Cherry Creek Canadians</span></span>(http://www.cherrycreekcanadians.ca/)</span><br />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-hWXNkHqty2Q/TZdicNfJuEI/AAAAAAAAACc/fpAmr3mAR24/s1600/PartridgeChanteclerRoosterPr2Sm.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="296" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-hWXNkHqty2Q/TZdicNfJuEI/AAAAAAAAACc/fpAmr3mAR24/s400/PartridgeChanteclerRoosterPr2Sm.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Partridge Chantecler Roosters - </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Source: Cherry Creek Canadians</span><br />
<div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">(http://www.cherrycreekcanadians.ca/)</span></div></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-PgBhAyMYsfU/TZdi_mZE79I/AAAAAAAAACg/bAKiR2cIvuY/s1600/4960625968_02801b349d_z.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="300" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-PgBhAyMYsfU/TZdi_mZE79I/AAAAAAAAACg/bAKiR2cIvuY/s400/4960625968_02801b349d_z.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Partridge Chantecler Hen - Source Unknown</span></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">And, this a photo of an even newer variety of Chantecler, Black Chantecler:</span><br />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-fjoDhf9Dgfo/TZdqcSi7QcI/AAAAAAAAACo/kAsJ6VqiefI/s1600/Black+Chanteclers.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="216" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-fjoDhf9Dgfo/TZdqcSi7QcI/AAAAAAAAACo/kAsJ6VqiefI/s320/Black+Chanteclers.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Black Chantecler -</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 17px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Sylvie Denault's Flock</span></span><br />
<div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Source: Photo Courtesy of <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Cherry Creek Canadians</span></span>(http://www.cherrycreekcanadians.ca/)</span></div></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">For Chantecler Breed Standards, please visit the Chantecler Fanciers International website at:</span><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-Bx8zZbVyO2c/TZd6uIe9fzI/AAAAAAAAADY/a2sGycwEySg/s1600/Chantecler_logo_sm1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-Bx8zZbVyO2c/TZd6uIe9fzI/AAAAAAAAADY/a2sGycwEySg/s320/Chantecler_logo_sm1.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">http://www.chanteclerfanciersinternational.org </span></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><br />
</span></span></b></span></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><span style="font-family: Verdana;">Other Interesting Tidbits on the Chantecler</span></b> </span></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-hlcrfplw46I/TZd7DOKpgEI/AAAAAAAAADc/UbGR-rvSqn8/s1600/WhiteRoosters2007.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="325" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-hlcrfplw46I/TZd7DOKpgEI/AAAAAAAAADc/UbGR-rvSqn8/s400/WhiteRoosters2007.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">White Chanteclers - Source: Cherry Creek Canadians</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">(http://www.cherrycreekcanadians.ca/)</span></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Labour of Love - </span></b><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Those trying to save Canada’s Chantecler breed are experiencing some growing pains <o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 378.0pt; text-autospace: none;"></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Canadian consumers love to have choice when they shop for food. That’s why a group of 10 heritage breed chicken breeders are betting they can use this growing demand for more food choice to save Canada’s own Chantecler chicken breed from extinction. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 419.9pt 424.0pt; text-autospace: none;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">They believe that, if given the opportunity, enough consumers will be willing to pay a premium for a product that has a Controlled and Guaranteed Designation of Origin, to make the breed commercially viable. In 2009, Quebec’s three poultry marketing boards have granted the group an exceptional right to produce the equivalent of about three million dollars’ worth of broilers and table eggs to prove their point.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-MNvzdSmMWOo/TZePBwLLMoI/AAAAAAAAAEw/lbQOu1w6dOg/s1600/logos_chanteclerc.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="212" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-MNvzdSmMWOo/TZePBwLLMoI/AAAAAAAAAEw/lbQOu1w6dOg/s320/logos_chanteclerc.gif" width="320" /></a></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Mario Bélanger, president of the federation of producers of heritage breeds, firmly believes that consumers will pay more for products from heritage breed chickens but they aren’t planning to mass market them throughout the province. “Our target is upscale restaurants and hotels,” he says. “A few select meat shops, like the one at Jean-Talon market, will also carry them.”</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-ZF3S1j7ub-Y/TZeKt8nP1YI/AAAAAAAAAEc/pJ61N0Vz448/s1600/jtmkt21.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-ZF3S1j7ub-Y/TZeKt8nP1YI/AAAAAAAAAEc/pJ61N0Vz448/s320/jtmkt21.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Jean-Talon Market, Montreal</span></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">In a classic example of the old chicken or the egg dilemma, before creating demand for the products, producers want to make sure they can deliver the product, while also ensuring that they will make enough of a profit in order to make the necessary investments required to meet the market demand.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">CULTURAL SYMBOL</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-oA-AGKzKH6k/TZeLVEWerFI/AAAAAAAAAEg/GuKtJcUiCLM/s1600/Oka-et-dependances.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="187" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-oA-AGKzKH6k/TZeLVEWerFI/AAAAAAAAAEg/GuKtJcUiCLM/s400/Oka-et-dependances.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">La Trappe d'Oka - Trappist Monastery in Oka, Quebec</span></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">The Chantecler chicken is a breed unique to Canada. It was developed in the early 1900s by Brother Wilfrid Châtelain, a Trappist monk living near Oka, Que., to be hardy enough to withstand our harsh winters. The birds are a cross between Dark Cornish, White Leghorn, Rhode Island Red, White Wyandotte and White Plymouth Rock, and carry a number of their traits. The birds are white, with a long body, a deep breast, yellowish skins, small heads, a bright red face with a small comb and a short beak. Their walnut-shaped combs and wattles are small enough that they aren’t prone to frostbite.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">While they were created to be both good layers and meat birds, the slower growing breed had long since fallen out of favour with commercial producers and had been replaced by high-performance broiler hybrids. By the time the breed officially received heritage designation in 1999, André Auclair, general manager of the federation of producers of heritage breeds, says, less than 1,500 birds survived in barnyards across the country. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">“The Chantecler will never be able to compete with an industrial broiler, and nor should it try to,” says Dr. Fred Silversides, a poultry research scientist with Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada. The vast majority of industrial chickens available are supplied by one of two companies. Current market differentiation has nothing to do with genetics; it has to do with how the broilers have been fed or processed. In short, a broiler is a broiler. The value of the Chantecler is that it’s a different product.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-DH1Zhv6w30k/TZeM_iJU_0I/AAAAAAAAAEk/CIEHIr-qJag/s1600/10b.jpg.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-DH1Zhv6w30k/TZeM_iJU_0I/AAAAAAAAAEk/CIEHIr-qJag/s1600/10b.jpg.png" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Dr. Fred Silversides</span></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">It has already piqued foodies’ interest and Bélanger is getting an increasing number of calls from distributors waiting for him to start delivering them by the caseload. Restaurants and hotels say they will welcome a chicken that is a distinctly, regional product. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Bélanger is eager to take some of his birds to some of the province’s top chefs, over the winter. However, he wants to make sure the birds are ready before he does. He noted that he would be cooking one the night of Canadian Poultry’s visit, to see how this batch has turned out. “I don’t want to move too quickly,” he adds. “You don’t get a second chance to make a good first impression.”</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">GENETIC DIVERSITY</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">The Quebec poultry federations decided to encourage commercial production of heritage breeds for several reasons. While all producer groups are always interested in developing new niche product markets, they were also very concerned about maintaining the Canadian chicken flock’s genetic diversity as an insurance policy against future climate change and disease outbreaks. Maintaining the chicken’s gene pool is a constant battle. Delegates to a United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) conference in Switzerland in 2007 were told that more than 1,000 domesticated chicken breeds have vanished in the past century. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-070gbMpHmTY/TZeNmLL6eKI/AAAAAAAAAEo/qR3L1tcx8u0/s1600/FAO.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="156" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-070gbMpHmTY/TZeNmLL6eKI/AAAAAAAAAEo/qR3L1tcx8u0/s320/FAO.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Because Silversides had produced a report on how to save endangered breeds 20 years ago, the federation turned to him in 2007 to come up with a new proposal to save the Chantecler breed. He jumped at the chance. He produced a new proposal that included a large enough breeding plan to preserve the Chantecler’s gene pool and allow for the development of a market for them so the breed could support itself. In short, his report concluded that the best way to save the breed was to market it for the dinner plate.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Quebec’s three poultry supply-management federations, which control the hatching egg, table egg and broiler production, signed an agreement with the federation of producers of heritage breeds, which allowed limited commercial production and market access for the Chantecler in 2009. Gaining the right to produce the breed commercially was a huge step. Without the quantities that were allotted, there is no way producers could maintain sufficient supply to develop a market. “Once that’s in place, you can develop your business plan and your slaughtering plans and all of the rest of it, really,” says Silversides.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">GETTING STARTED</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">A year into production, results are less than optimal, says Bélanger, one of the 10 producers involved in the project. He started with about 100 Chantecler, in 1998. He’s now up to 300. He split the group in two and put half with 15 roosters and half without. He is using a 48 x 20 foot temporary shelter specially adapted for chickens, with small openings on the sides for the birds to go in and out, as they wish. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-ZyHUV1FdaTI/TZeIYNsUSwI/AAAAAAAAAEM/p6c-h6dZg6I/s1600/poussi15.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-ZyHUV1FdaTI/TZeIYNsUSwI/AAAAAAAAAEM/p6c-h6dZg6I/s400/poussi15.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">The shelter isn’t heated and the birds can remain outside until the temperature reaches –20 C. Bélanger will move them indoors, inside the barn during the winter – which will remain unheated – and dismantle the temporary shelter to make room for the new barn he plans on building next spring.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Bélanger’s barn also houses three pigs and a flock of sheep. Because most Chantecler were raised on mixed farms, they have better disease resistance and foraging ability, among other things, explains Silversides. This is why this breed, unlike current hybrid varieties, is better adapted to such an environment. They don’t require strict biosecurity protocols that restrict one species per unit.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-ulTSwTqGy48/TZeJ0jnkmdI/AAAAAAAAAEY/0B2WmmVjE1M/s1600/DSC_0030.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="640" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-ulTSwTqGy48/TZeJ0jnkmdI/AAAAAAAAAEY/0B2WmmVjE1M/s640/DSC_0030.JPG" width="440" /></a></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">NUMBERS ARE DOWN</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">There is quite a learning curve involved in going from a small 42-egg hatcher to one that contains 750 eggs, explains Bélanger. “I can hardly imagine what it’s going to be like once we start with the ones that can hold up to 3,200 eggs!”<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Bélanger goes on to explain that they’ve been asked to comply with industry regulations from the get-go, but the race has more or less returned to its natural state as producers switched to more performing hybrids.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">“Very little selection was been made in the past 50 years and producers are finding it challenging to meet the goal of having a uniform flock that averages 200 eggs a year, even though the standard established for the breed is 225 eggs per bird.”</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">He estimates it will take a good three years, or six generations, to get the breed back on track to meet the target of 8,000 dozen eggs per year, using 500 layer hens.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Bélanger is aiming to finish the birds at about the same weight of a conventional chicken. The target weight for males will be 2.1 to 2.2 kilograms at 18 weeks and between 1.7 to 1.9 kilograms for the females, at 20 weeks. All 10 Chantecler producers’ goal is to produce roughly 20,000 birds, per year, as allocated by the federations.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Dr. Silversides isn’t surprised Bélanger’s layers aren’t performing to Brother Wilfrid’s standards. He says this is an example of natural rather than artificial selection. “If you take away the selection, the breed will find an ideal body weight and an ideal number of eggs which are different from what we want.”</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">He thinks Bélanger won’t have any problem achieving his goals within that time frame. He cautions producers of over-selecting the birds to the point that they resemble broilers. “If they do, then what’s the point?” he says. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-mP96g_83nqA/TZ9DKk0zOLI/AAAAAAAAAKw/vInLjcvMNAU/s1600/000_1710.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="237" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-mP96g_83nqA/TZ9DKk0zOLI/AAAAAAAAAKw/vInLjcvMNAU/s320/000_1710.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">Chantecler - White Trio</span> </span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">Photo Source: Unknown</span></span></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Federations supportive of the project</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-7UaEksx8KYI/TZeOCtBHq4I/AAAAAAAAAEs/92DOexputYI/s1600/eleveurs-volailles.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-7UaEksx8KYI/TZeOCtBHq4I/AAAAAAAAAEs/92DOexputYI/s1600/eleveurs-volailles.jpg" /></a></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Saving a breed from extinction doesn’t happen overnight. “It’s a long-term project,” explains Martin Dufresne, president of Les Éleveurs de volailles du Québec. He says the Chantecler producers are in the start-up phase, and are probably facing a few hurdles. What’s more, the breed isn’t known for its performance so it comes as no surprise that things aren’t progressing as quickly as they had hoped.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-N3k1nEJMg18/TZeRCXUkFZI/AAAAAAAAAE0/gUnzDMHW5uQ/s1600/2_chantecler.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-N3k1nEJMg18/TZeRCXUkFZI/AAAAAAAAAE0/gUnzDMHW5uQ/s320/2_chantecler.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Ten producers, from various regions in Quebec, were given the right to produce the Chantecler. So far, each operator has been hatching his or her own eggs and producing meat birds as well as eggs, according to the breeding plan outlined by Dr. Fred Silversides, a poultry research scientist with Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada who produced a report to help save endangered species in the 1970s. They feel it’s the best way to reduce the risk of disease or anything else going wrong.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Dufresne says the Quebec poultry federations recommended they eventually concentrate their activities and designate one central location to produce all the chicks they need to increase their overall efficiency, and truck the chickens to the nine remaining facilities. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">“They will have an expensive product, which will require a good marketing strategy to cater to an upscale niche market,” says Dufresne. He feels the heritage breed federation’s plan to save the Chantecler is serious and well structured. If demand takes off, production of the Chantecler would be handled like any other breed, and would have to comply with regulations, and follow supply management guidelines.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-ijT6RwHGFxQ/TZeIlspvdgI/AAAAAAAAAEQ/VRI0eIqT-pA/s1600/1474cn4_19.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-ijT6RwHGFxQ/TZeIlspvdgI/AAAAAAAAAEQ/VRI0eIqT-pA/s400/1474cn4_19.jpeg" width="376" /></a></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">“We took exceptional measures to save the Chantecler because we felt it would be cost prohibitive if producers had to pay for quota for an inefficient bird,” explains Dufresne. “Producers are well aware, however, that things would change if there proves to be an increasing market demand for the product, and that wouldn’t be a bad thing in itself. The project would never have been able to materialize without help on our part.” </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Written by </span><a href="http://www.canadianpoultrymag.com/index.php?option=com_author&name=Suzanne%20Deutsch"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Suzanne Deutsch</span></span></a><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"> for </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">The Canadian Poultry Magazine</span><br />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-BjOYJg7C_qc/TZd8XrrlPJI/AAAAAAAAADg/AhAKYfWi8eI/s1600/v1n2pco2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="283" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-BjOYJg7C_qc/TZd8XrrlPJI/AAAAAAAAADg/AhAKYfWi8eI/s400/v1n2pco2.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">L’institut agricole d’Oka - The Oka Agricultural Insititute</span></span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><b>Another Excellent Article on the Chantecler</b></span></span></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"> <!--StartFragment--> </span></b></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 13.0pt;">I would like to thank D</span><span style="font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 13.0pt;">ave Kozakiewicz for sending me the link to the following article written by a great Canadian breeder of Chantecler, Michel Boulianne. The link is to Aviculture Europe (http://www.aviculture-europe.nl/) - a FANTASTIC poultry site by the way - and the article is in PDF format.</span><span style="font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 13.0pt;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 13.0pt;">http://www.aviculture-europe.nl/nummers/09E02A08.pdf</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 13.0pt;"><br />
</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-wTt7YM2iR_U/TZ9A8fFrpKI/AAAAAAAAAKk/P9x7CQ3nhaA/s1600/Ke%25CC%2581be%25CC%2581kois+B+coq++avec+ses+poules+chamberland.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-wTt7YM2iR_U/TZ9A8fFrpKI/AAAAAAAAAKk/P9x7CQ3nhaA/s320/Ke%25CC%2581be%25CC%2581kois+B+coq++avec+ses+poules+chamberland.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16pt; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">Chantecler - White Flock Free-Ranging</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16pt; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">Photo Source: Unknown</div><!--EndFragment--> </span></b></span><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-NUmpy1Ns2s0/TZ9B8Xn0bcI/AAAAAAAAAKs/N1N0LFjz2wk/s1600/flickerslair-O6e5-WC33sE-image.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="239" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-NUmpy1Ns2s0/TZ9B8Xn0bcI/AAAAAAAAAKs/N1N0LFjz2wk/s320/flickerslair-O6e5-WC33sE-image.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;">Chantecler - Buff Rooster in Moult</span></b></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;">Photo Source: Unknown</span></b></span></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><br />
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<span style="font-family: Verdana;"><b>More About Brother Wilfrid:</b></span><br />
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<div style="font: 10.0px Courier; margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">FRERE WILFRID ( 1876 – 1963 )</span></span></div><div style="font: 10.0px Courier; margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px;"><br />
</div><div style="font: 9.0px Courier; margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">- WILFRID CHÂTELAIN, born on July the 1rst, 1876, at Curran, near</span></span><span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"> </span></span></span></div><div style="font: 9.0px Courier; margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Plantagenet, Prescott County, Ontario, belongs to an old french family </span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">strong with numerous and long lived “descendents” knotty like centenary</span></span><span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"> </span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">oaktrees. Wilfrid’s grandfather died at 108 years old and his</span></span><span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"> </span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">grandmother at 95; his brother Johnny at 101’ two other brothers, when</span></span><span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"> </span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">they came to pay their last visit at La Trappe were were nonagenarians ( 96</span></span><span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"> </span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">and 94 years old).</span></span><span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"> </span></span></span></div><div style="font: 9.0px Courier; margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></span></div><div style="font: 9.0px Courier; margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">- WILFRID CHATELAIN entered the Monastery of La Trappe d’Oka in September</span></span><span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"> </span></span></span></div><div style="font: 9.0px Courier; margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">1897 and made his profession of Trappist monk in 1899.</span></span><span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"> </span></span></span></div><div style="font: 9.0px Courier; margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></span></div><div style="font: 9.0px Courier; margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">- In 1902, he was given charge of the poultry yard, a very small then and</span></span><span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"> </span></span></span></div><div style="font: 9.0px Courier; margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px;"><span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">primitive affair, where he worked for 44 years, mainly in this nice little</span></span><span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"> </span></span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">valley which runs at the right of the Monastery, deepened by the brook you</span></span><span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"> </span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">certainly admired, if you came to Fr. Wilfrid then (before 1930) raising</span></span><span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"> </span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">ducks and geeses, pigeons and what not... It was in this green nook that,</span></span><span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"> </span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">soon after 1902, Brother Wilfrid with rudimentary installation and rather</span></span><span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"> </span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">hybrid stock, started his long selection, after crossing the birds he</span></span><span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"> </span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">had: Cornish to Wyandotte, Leghorn, and making few “croisemente de</span></span><span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"> </span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">retrempe” (Eng. - "outcrosses"), then very popular among French breeders! </span></span></div><div style="font: 9.0px Courier; margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-Ya5lcc2eeik/TZ9D2prKY1I/AAAAAAAAAK0/l_l681eiw8Y/s1600/chanteclers_photo.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="260" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-Ya5lcc2eeik/TZ9D2prKY1I/AAAAAAAAAK0/l_l681eiw8Y/s400/chanteclers_photo.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Chantecler - White Flock on the Grounds at La Trappe, Oka</span></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Photo Source: </span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: arial; line-height: 15px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">quebec.inetgiant.ca</span></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: arial; line-height: 15px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span></span></div></div><div style="font: 9.0px Courier; margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">-In 1919, Frère</span></span><span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"> </span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Wilfrid published his Standard, Origin and Monography of the Canadian</span></span><span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"> </span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">CHANTECLER and the new breed received a warm reception in America,</span></span><span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"> </span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">especially after Prof. Lean J. Cole published his Bulletin No. 35</span></span><span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"> </span></span></span></div><div style="font: 9.0px Courier; margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">(Wisconsin Agr. Exp. Station), reproduced in the Journal of Heredity.1</span></span><span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"> </span></span></span></div><div style="font: 9.0px Courier; margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></span></div><div style="font: 9.0px Courier; margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">- A real artistic breeder, this monk was a naturalist to the core; he</span></span><span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"> </span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">believed in patient experimentation and was in doubtedly favored with a</span></span><span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"> </span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">lucky “flair”, based on an acute sense of observation.</span></span><span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"> </span></span></span></div><div style="font: 9.0px Courier; margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></span></div><div style="font: 9.0px Courier; margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">- All his life he, he cultivated flowers (dahlias, lilies, iris, peonies,</span></span><span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"> </span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">gladioli, etc.) and trees in the poultry yard; his pet animals were dogs (</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Great Danes, German Police dogs, Chow-chow, hounds, etc.).</span></span><span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"> </span></span></span></div><div style="font: 9.0px Courier; margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></span></div><div style="font: 9.0px Courier; margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">- Two other culture tentatives merit mention in the life of Brother</span></span><span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"> </span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Wilfrid:</span></span><span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"> </span></span></span></div><div style="font: 9.0px Courier; margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></span></div><div style="font: 9.0px Courier; margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"> 1) the raising of rabbits (Flemish Giants) for meat and fur, (around 8930)</span></span></div><div style="font: 9.0px Courier; margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"></span></span><span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">and</span></span></span></div><div style="font: 9.0px Courier; margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px;"><span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"> 2) raising and breeding</span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"> Phaesants in a trial of acclimatizing of this fowl (to </span></span></div><div style="font: 9.0px Courier; margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"> raise) and</span></span><span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"> then let </span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">to its wild life (en liberte), like partidges in Eastern </span></span></div><div style="font: 9.0px Courier; margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"> Canada, for the</span></span><span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"> pleasure </span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">of future hunters. The young farmers shot</span></span></div><div style="font: 9.0px Courier; margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"> them all down in </span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">few days!</span></span><span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"> </span></span></span></div><div style="font: 9.0px Courier; margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></span></div><div style="font: 9.0px Courier; margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">- The Pheasant culture ibecame prosperous at Oka under the direction of</span></span><span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"> </span></span></span></div><div style="font: 9.0px Courier; margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Brother M.-Laurent, a real business man.</span></span></div><div style="font: 9.0px Courier; margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></span></div><div style="font: 9.0px Courier; margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-XxyLYx-2Ze0/TZ9Bc50c6MI/AAAAAAAAAKo/CVV1yN_QjLk/s1600/444-8.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-XxyLYx-2Ze0/TZ9Bc50c6MI/AAAAAAAAAKo/CVV1yN_QjLk/s1600/444-8.jpg" /></a></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">- But agriculture - including capon production</span></span><span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"> </span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">(1920) and day old chick production, sexing, etc. remained Frère Wilfrid’s</span></span><span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"> Number 1 </span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">life occupation for 45 years.</span></span><span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"> </span></span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></span></div><div style="font: 9.0px Courier; margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">- A great proponent of better aviculture as professor at the Oka Institute</span></span><span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"> </span></span></span></div><div style="font: 9.0px Courier; margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">and as lecturer in great demand outside of Oka.</span></span><span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"> </span></span></span></div><div style="font: 9.0px Courier; margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></span></div><div style="font: 9.0px Courier; margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">- Founder of the Chantecler Association (1921) and of the Association des</span></span><span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"> </span></span></span></div><div style="font: 9.0px Courier; margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Leveurs des Poussins d’un jour du Comté de Deux-Montanges, Québec.</span></span><span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"> </span></span></span></div><div style="font: 9.0px Courier; margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></span></div><div style="font: 9.0px Courier; margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">- As a teacher, Brother Wilfrid, was largely a practical</span></span><span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"> </span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">technician; all his little bulletins testified to that, even in their</span></span><span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"> </span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">titles: Dix ans d’expérience… Quinze ans d’expérience…, etc.</span></span><span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"> (10 Years of Experience...., 15 Years of Experience..., etc.)</span></span></span></div><div style="font: 9.0px Courier; margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></span></div><div style="font: 9.0px Courier; margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">- For his outstanding services to aviculture in the first half of this</span></span><span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"> </span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">century,</span></span><span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"> </span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">La Province de Québec cree Frere Wilfrid Chevailez de l’Order du Mérite</span></span><span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"> </span></span></span></div><div style="font: 9.0px Courier; margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Agricole, en 1928.</span></span><span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"> (The Province of Quebec created the Brother Wilfrid Knights of the Order of Merit in Agriculture in 1928), </span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">La France lui decerna sa Croix du Mérite agricole la **** année (France bestowed the Cross of Merit in Agriculture in the 'unknown' year), and </span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">L’Université de Montréal lui conféra un Doctorat en Science agricole,</span></span><span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"> </span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">honoris causa, en 1948 (The University of Montreal conferred him a PhD. Honours in Agricultural Science in 1948)</span></span></div><div style="font: 9.0px Courier; margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></span></div><div style="font: 9.0px Courier; margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">*The above information about Brother Wilfrid was obtained from:</span></span></div><div style="font: 9.0px Courier; margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></span></div><div style="font: 9.0px Courier; margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">http://www.chanteclerchicken.com/archives/1963/Poultry_Science_May16_1963.pdf</span></span></div><div style="font: 9.0px Courier; margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></span></div><div style="font: 9.0px Courier; margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Some liberty was taken to translate from French to English and to render the information more readable. </span></span></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></span><br />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-1_VsTgMdzHY/TZd86qIvUkI/AAAAAAAAADk/a4p7_mq-OPI/s1600/chantecler-rooster.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-1_VsTgMdzHY/TZd86qIvUkI/AAAAAAAAADk/a4p7_mq-OPI/s400/chantecler-rooster.jpg" width="332" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Chantecler Rooster - "Roger" </span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Source: Photo Courtesy of <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Cherry Creek Canadians</span></span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">(http://www.cherrycreekcanadians.ca/)</span></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>A French Article of Interest:</b></span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> </span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-2AmRHu_hbew/TZdm8p50vAI/AAAAAAAAACk/9MygjR-D53Y/s1600/126251-andre-auclair-saint-paulin-eleveur.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="265" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-2AmRHu_hbew/TZdm8p50vAI/AAAAAAAAACk/9MygjR-D53Y/s400/126251-andre-auclair-saint-paulin-eleveur.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><div style="line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 1.6em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;">Andre Auclair and some of his Chantecler</span></span></span></div><div style="line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 1.6em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;">Elles ont été choisies par la Fédération des producteurs de races patrimoniales du Québec pour démarrer des élevages de poules Chantecler, une race rustique développée au début du siècle dernier au Québec pour résister à notre climat rigoureux. Parmi ces éleveurs, quatre sont situés en Mauricie.</span></span></div><div style="line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 1.6em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"> </span></span></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;">Ce démarrage se fait avec l'approbation des trois organisations québécoises d'aviculture. La Fédération des producteurs d'oeufs de consommation, le Syndicat des producteurs d'oeufs d'incubation et les Éleveurs de volailles du Québec ont en effet signé une entente à cet effet avec l'APRPQ dans le but de maintenir la race en existence.</span></span><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;">Défenseur depuis plusieurs décennies de races domestiques patrimoniales, le directeur général de la FPRPQ, André Auclair, de Saint-Paulin, explique que cette entente est le fruit «de grands combats qui ont été longs».</span></span><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><o:p><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;"><br />
</span></o:p></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-Ri6-vcPLZ6s/TZeAPinzSkI/AAAAAAAAAD4/sad_jH0IHAc/s1600/000_1643-1-.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-Ri6-vcPLZ6s/TZeAPinzSkI/AAAAAAAAAD4/sad_jH0IHAc/s1600/000_1643-1-.JPG" /></a></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><o:p><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;"><br />
</span></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;">C'est que les poulets de race sont aujourd'hui propriété de multinationales qui s'en servent pour produire des poulets hybrides, ceux que l'on retrouve aujourd'hui sur nos tables.</span></span><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;">Le Chantecler est synonyme d'autonomie pour les producteurs: on peut en tirer des oeufs, des poussins, des coqs et des pondeuses, comme autrefois.</span></span><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;">André Auclair est d'autant plus heureux d'avoir obtenu le consentement des trois organisations d'aviculture du Québec et le soutien du Mapaq puisque les poules Chantecler sont une race à plusieurs fins. «Il fallait un quota de ponte et un quota de chair», explique-t-il.</span></span><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;">Il aura fallu les recommandations d'un généticien respecté du milieu avicole canadien, Frederic Sylversides, pour s'entendre sur le nombre d'éleveurs nécessaire au maintien de la race, soit 10 troupeaux d'une quinzaine de coqs et de 150 poules desquelles seront issus environ 30 000 oeufs par année, environ 22 000 poussins et 50 pondeuses triées sur le volet.</span></span><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;">André Auclair explique que la situation de la poule Chantecler était préoccupante. Cette mesure permettra donc de maintenir la race en existence avant qu'elle ne joigne les 1000 races d'animaux domestiques qui sont disparues de la planète depuis 100 ans. Parmi les races menacées d'extinction, il y a la vache canadienne et le cheval canadien.</span></span><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;"><br />
</span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-t1AcCX5UD4U/TZeAnfYpO2I/AAAAAAAAAD8/1UtAGYBNTFc/s1600/2888810942_c3bb76d258.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="266" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-t1AcCX5UD4U/TZeAnfYpO2I/AAAAAAAAAD8/1UtAGYBNTFc/s400/2888810942_c3bb76d258.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;">Deux vaches canadiennes</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;"><br />
</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt; text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black; font-family: Verdana;">M. Auclair entend aussi entreprendre des démarches afin d'encourager l'utilisation du cheval canadien pour tirer des calèches dans les trois plus vieilles villes du Québec.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;"><br />
</span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-z2VT8prU_tw/TZeBNaXtCII/AAAAAAAAAEA/buQMcM77qfQ/s1600/Montem-Mao-3.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="327" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-z2VT8prU_tw/TZeBNaXtCII/AAAAAAAAAEA/buQMcM77qfQ/s400/Montem-Mao-3.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;">Un cheval canadien</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;"><br />
</span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-b0_q7XZgk_E/TZeEL5fsEKI/AAAAAAAAAEE/rDjw-IdVnvY/s1600/9-F.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="239" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-b0_q7XZgk_E/TZeEL5fsEKI/AAAAAAAAAEE/rDjw-IdVnvY/s320/9-F.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;"><br />
</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;"><br />
</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;">Pour André Auclair, il est vital pour l'humanité de protéger les races patrimoniales et rustiques adaptées aux conditions de vie des divers pays où on les trouve. S'il n'y avait que des vaches de race Holstein dans le monde et qu'une maladie particulière décime cette race, avec quoi pourrions-nous rebâtir un cheptel? questionne-t-il.</span></span><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;">La poules Chantecler ne sont pas les plus «performantes». Par rapport aux poulets hybrides du marché, elles ne pondent en effet que 16 douzaines d'oeufs par année, par rapport à 25 douzaines pour les hybrides et il leur faut entre 16 et 18 semaines de croissance alors que les hybrides croissent en six semaines à peine.</span></span><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;">Il n'en demeure pas moins que c'est avec des races pures qu'on génère des hybrides performants, fait valoir M. Auclair.</span></span><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;">«Les races pures sont importantes», plaide-t-il en particulier à cause de leur bagage génétique unique.</span></span><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoBodyText" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;"><br />
</span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-QwBsP44otk0/TZd-ZlBk0dI/AAAAAAAAADs/wvfSR3H8nTI/s1600/bizcaf.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-QwBsP44otk0/TZd-ZlBk0dI/AAAAAAAAADs/wvfSR3H8nTI/s320/bizcaf.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><div class="MsoBodyText" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;"><br />
</span></span></div><div class="MsoBodyText" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;"><br />
</span></span></div><div class="MsoBodyText" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;">Une étude de marché de la fédération révèle que les poulardes Chantecler intéresseront les tables gastronomiques et les boucheries fines puisqu'il s'agit d'une viande plus goûteuse que le poulet hybride. Si les consommateurs répondent bien, il y aura alors peut-être de la place pour le développement de nouveaux cheptels, espère M. Leclerc. </span></span></div><div class="MsoBodyText" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;"><br />
</span></span></div><div class="MsoBodyText" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;">- Brigitte Trahan </span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10px; line-height: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;">in:</span></span></span></span></div></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 18px;"><div style="font: normal normal normal 10px/normal Arial; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;"><br />
</span></span></span></b></div><div style="font: normal normal normal 10px/normal Arial; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;">http://www.cyberpresse.ca/le-nouvelliste/actualites/200911/23/01-924099-la-poule-chantecler-resurgit-du-passe.php</span></span></span><span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;"> </span></span></span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;"> </span></span></span></b></div><div style="font: normal normal normal 10px/normal Arial; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;"><br />
</span></span></span></b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-IS7pgUb61bE/TZd9fuB3VyI/AAAAAAAAADo/E4xP36stGW4/s1600/000_3244.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="301" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-IS7pgUb61bE/TZd9fuB3VyI/AAAAAAAAADo/E4xP36stGW4/s400/000_3244.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><div style="font: normal normal normal 10px/normal Arial; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;">Partridge Chantecler Pair - Source: L'evage Benoit Landry</span></span></span></div><div style="font: normal normal normal 10px/normal Arial; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;"><br />
</span></span></span></b></div><div style="font: normal normal normal 10px/normal Arial; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;"><br />
</span></span></span></b></div><div style="font: normal normal normal 10px/normal Arial; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;"><br />
</span></span></span></b></div><div style="font: normal normal normal 10px/normal Arial; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;">From the French Newspaper, "Le Devoirs" comes the following article:</span></span></span></b></div><div style="font: normal normal normal 10px/normal Arial; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;"><br />
</span></span></span></b></div><div style="font: normal normal normal 10px/normal Arial; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 15px;"></span></span></span></span></b></div><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;"><h1 style="font: normal normal bold 1.6em/1.2em Georgia, serif; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Le poulet Chantecler est sauvé!</span></h1><h2 style="color: #333333; font: normal normal normal 1.2em/1.2em Verdana, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Une petite part du marché québécois sera réservée à cette volaille patrimoniale menacée d'extinction</span></h2><div class="specs" style="line-height: 1em; margin-bottom: 7px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 1px;"><span class="auteur" style="color: #787878; font: normal normal normal 0.77em/1.1em Verdana, sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.ledevoir.com/auteur/fabien-deglise/" style="color: #787878; cursor: pointer; outline-color: initial; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; text-decoration: underline;">Fabien Deglise</a> </span> <span class="date" style="color: #787878; font: normal normal normal 0.77em/1.1em Verdana, sans-serif;">22 avril 2008</span> </div></span></span></b></span><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;"></span></span></b><br />
<div style="font: normal normal normal 10px/normal Arial; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;"><br />
</span></span></span></b></div><div style="font: normal normal normal 10px/normal Arial; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;"><br />
</span></span></span></b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-YRWiQvdaLLE/TZdsva-jmfI/AAAAAAAAACs/5DDUW49pOcY/s1600/image.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="238" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-YRWiQvdaLLE/TZdsva-jmfI/AAAAAAAAACs/5DDUW49pOcY/s320/image.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><div style="font: normal normal normal 10px/normal Arial; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 16px;"><br />
</span></span></span></span></b></div><div style="font: normal normal normal 10px/normal Arial; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 16px;"><br />
</span></span></span></span></b></div><div style="font: normal normal normal 10px/normal Arial; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: center;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal; line-height: 16px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #2e2e2e; line-height: 10px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Éleveur de poulets Chantecler à Saint-Paulin, dans la région de Trois-Rivières, André Auclair se réjouit de pouvoir enfin donner des ailes à ses protégés, menacés d’extinction jusqu’à aujourd’hui.</span></span></span></span></span></b></div><div style="font: normal normal normal 10px/normal Arial; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 16px;"><br />
</span></span></span></span></b></div><div style="font: normal normal normal 10px/normal Arial; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 16px;"><br />
</span></span></span></span></b></div><div style="font: normal normal normal 10px/normal Arial; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 16px;">Le sauvetage est en cours. Après des années de profonde indifférence, les syndicats d'éleveurs de poulets du Québec viennent finalement de céder aux demandes répétées des éleveurs de poulets Chantecler, un animal patrimonial en voie d'extinction. D'ici quelques semaines, ces oiseaux vont pouvoir en effet être élevés et commercialisés en dehors des règles strictes qui prévalent actuellement pour le poulet industriel, a appris Le Devoir. Et cela, afin de favoriser la survie de cette race propre au Québec, tout en permettant aux consommateurs de renouer avec ce produit du terroir. <br />
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Les Éleveurs de volailles du Québec — anciennement connus sous le nom de Fédération des producteurs de poulets — s'apprêtent à en faire l'annonce dans les prochaines semaines. Le puissant regroupement de producteurs agricoles parachève depuis quelques jours la rédaction d'une entente qu'il va signer avec la Fédération des producteurs de races patrimoniales du Québec (FPRPQ). Objectif de cette entente? Soustraire la production du poulet Chantecler aux règles contraignantes de quotas auxquels tous les producteurs de poulets sont obligés de se conformer.<br />
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Ce cadre, prévu pour des oiseaux industriels arrivant à maturité en 39 jours, a toujours joué en défaveur du poulet Chantecler, dont la croissance varie entre quatre et six mois. Ce faisant, l'oiseau génétiquement élaboré au début du siècle dernier par le frère trappiste Wilfrid Châtelain pour supporter le climat canadien était condamné à disparaître, faute de pouvoir se retrouver sur les tables des consommateurs et des restaurants versés dans la défense des terroirs.<br />
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La mésaventure est sur le point de se terminer. En effet, les Éleveurs de volailles du Québec ont accepté d'accorder un droit de production exceptionnel, hors quotas, aux éleveurs de poulets Chantecler, et ce, pour une limite fixée à 10 élevages comptant un maximum de 150 poules pondeuses. Pour commencer.<br />
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Bon an, mal an, cela devrait permettre la production à des fins commerciales de plus de 100 000 poulets Chantecler par année, une goutte d'eau dans une mer de 600 millions de poulets industriels élevés chaque année au Québec. «Selon les experts consultés, c'est le minimum qu'il faut pour assurer la survie d'une race d'oiseau», a indiqué Martin Dufresne, président de la Fédération des éleveurs de poulets du Québec, qui a travaillé activement avec la Fédération des producteurs d'oeufs de consommation et le syndicat des producteurs d'oeufs d'incubation pour élaborer ce plan de sauvetage avec la FPRPQ.<br />
</span></span></span></span></b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-4hM3rS56iNI/TZd_qX8BieI/AAAAAAAAAD0/uyVQkP22W4c/s1600/000_3910.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="198" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-4hM3rS56iNI/TZd_qX8BieI/AAAAAAAAAD0/uyVQkP22W4c/s400/000_3910.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><div style="font: normal normal normal 10px/normal Arial; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 16px;"><br />
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Même si quelques détails «restent encore à ficeler», André Auclair, secrétaire général de la FPRPQ s'est réjoui hier d'un tel dénouement. Éleveur de poulets Chantecler et fervent défenseur des trois seules races patrimoniales du Québec — soit le Chantecler, la vache canadienne et le cheval canadien —, l'homme réclamait en vain depuis plus de cinq ans ces allégements réglementaires afin de redonner des ailes à ses protégés. «Nous sommes satisfaits, a-t-il indiqué, et nous pouvons désormais penser à l'avenir.»<br />
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Les éleveurs de Chantecler espèrent dès cet automne organiser une dégustation en règle de ce poulet de race pour sensibiliser les restaurateurs au renouveau à venir de cette volaille. Une commercialisation plus importante de ce «produit de niche» est prévue dans le courant de l'année prochaine, au rythme du développement du cheptel. Les activités de ce genre étaient jusqu'à maintenant interdites aux producteurs en raison des règles de contingentement. Sans quotas, ils ne pouvaient en effet produire que 99 poulets par année, et ce, pour consommation personnelle seulement. L'an dernier, le cheptel de poulets Chantecler comptait près de 1500 têtes. À peine.<br />
</span></span></span></span></b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-VbWi2gpNvuw/TZeE5aBeL5I/AAAAAAAAAEI/Zsoq-j-AC54/s1600/love.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="266" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-VbWi2gpNvuw/TZeE5aBeL5I/AAAAAAAAAEI/Zsoq-j-AC54/s400/love.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><div style="font: normal normal normal 10px/normal Arial; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 16px;"><br />
</span></span></div><div style="font: normal normal normal 10px/normal Arial; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 16px;"> Selon plusieurs experts, le poulet Chantecler, qui a le Québec inscrit dans son code génétique, pourrait à l'avenir avoir le même potentiel commercial que le poulet de Bresse en France. Cette volaille, dont la production est sévèrement encadrée, est le seul poulet au monde qui affiche une appellation d'origine contrôlée. Il est aussi un animal prisé dans l'univers de la grande gastronomie.<br />
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</span></span></span></span></b></div><div style="font: normal normal normal 10px/normal Arial; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 16px;">En 1999, l'Assemblée nationale a reconnu officiellement cet oiseau comme faisant partie «des races animales du patrimoine agricole du Québec». Symbolique, cette reconnaissance n'a toutefois jamais été accompagnée de programmes pour soutenir sa production. Exaspérée par cette inertie, mais aussi par le manque d'attention des puissants syndicats de producteurs de poulets industriels, en septembre dernier, la FPRPQ avait d'ailleurs amené la cause de cette volaille devant l'Organisation des nations unies (ONU) qui, à Interlaken en Suisse, a tenu une conférence sur la biodiversité dans le monde agricole. Une biodiversité à laquelle le poulet Chantecler pouvait difficilement participer, dénonçait vertement à l'époque la Fédération des producteurs de races patrimoniales du Québec.</span></span></span></span></b><br />
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</span></div></span>Cameronhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17660301478540340621noreply@blogger.com6tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4871362593993053377.post-32223229155569630632011-03-29T07:56:00.000-07:002011-03-29T07:56:03.158-07:00Blue Stud Poultry Farm<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br />
</div>While surfing the Poultry Web last night, I revisited a site from Australia that I had visited many times prior. We have all heard about the big floods they had, but the effects on farmers have been much worse than previously thought. Blue Stud Poultry Farm (http://www.rarechooks.com.au/) had one of the largest collections of Rare Breed Poultry anywhere. The owner of the farm, Mr. Tully, has committed himself to searching out and preserving rare breeds. Sadly, the Queensland Floods wiped out more than 50% of the original stock. The following video shows some of the effort that has gone into the rescuing and re-building of this valuable resource.<br />
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</div><div><object class="BLOGGER-youtube-video" classid="clsid:D27CDB6E-AE6D-11cf-96B8-444553540000" codebase="http://download.macromedia.com/pub/shockwave/cabs/flash/swflash.cab#version=6,0,40,0" data-thumbnail-src="http://3.gvt0.com/vi/Zdv86_MaWTc/0.jpg" height="266" width="320"><param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/Zdv86_MaWTc&fs=1&source=uds" /><param name="bgcolor" value="#FFFFFF" /><embed width="320" height="266" src="http://www.youtube.com/v/Zdv86_MaWTc&fs=1&source=uds" type="application/x-shockwave-flash"></embed></object></div>Cameronhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17660301478540340621noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4871362593993053377.post-91442079203513911182010-07-16T12:49:00.007-07:002011-03-29T07:26:43.049-07:00Welcome<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-46BwCJMJFXw/TZHr_-NFIxI/AAAAAAAAACA/2suBSgVv7Sc/s1600/Dorking_Donkerzilverpatrijs_haan.jpg" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}"><img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 300px; height: 225px;" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-46BwCJMJFXw/TZHr_-NFIxI/AAAAAAAAACA/2suBSgVv7Sc/s320/Dorking_Donkerzilverpatrijs_haan.jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5589508096805643026" /></a><br /><div><br /></div>Welcome to the Breed Savers blog. Unfortunately due to illness, the original intentions for this were unable to be kept. I apologize sincerely to those who were hoping to follow and participate. I am, as of today (March 28, 2011), going to restart this blog with the intent of focusing on Poultry Breeds, some common, some on the verge of extinction. It is my goal that a community of persons concerned with the saving of Heritage Breeds be created in order that resources and information be shared. I hope that links may be established in order that these breeds may be promoted. Although the primary focus will be on breeds currently raised in North America, a look at various poultry breeds from around the world will be included.<div><br /></div><div>What exactly is a Heritage Breed? The American Livestock Breeds Conservancy defines Heritage Chicken Breed in the following manner: </div><div><br /></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 2px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 2px; font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:Georgia, serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 0px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 0px;"><br /></span></span></span></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 2px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 2px; font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;font-size:medium;"><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 2px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 2px; font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;font-size:medium;"><p align="left" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 30px; padding-bottom: 12px; padding-left: 36px; line-height: 17px; font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Heritage Chicken must adhere to all the following:</p><p align="left" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 30px; padding-bottom: 12px; padding-left: 36px; line-height: 17px; font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">1. </span><strong style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">APA Standard Breed.</span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"> Heritage Chicken must be from parent and grandparent stock of breeds recognized by the American Poultry Association (APA) prior to the mid-20th century; whose genetic line can be traced back multiple generations; and with traits that meet the </span><em style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">APA Standard of Perfection</span></em><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"> guidelines for the breed. Heritage Chicken must be produced and sired by an APA Standard breed. Heritage eggs must be laid by an APA Standard breed.<br />2. </span><strong style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">Naturally mating.</span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"> Heritage Chicken must be reproduced and genetically maintained through natural mating. Chickens marketed as Heritage must be the result of naturally mating pairs of both grandparent and parent stock.<br />3. </span><strong style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">Long, productive outdoor lifespan.</span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"> Heritage Chicken must have the genetic ability to live a long, vigorous life and thrive in the rigors of pasture-based, outdoor production systems. Breeding hens should be productive for 5-7 years and roosters for 3-5 years.<br />4. </span><strong style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">Slow growth rate.</span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"> Heritage Chicken must have a moderate to slow rate of growth, reaching appropriate market weight for the breed in no less than 16 weeks. This gives the chicken time to develop strong skeletal structure and healthy organs prior to building muscle mass.</span></p><p align="left" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 30px; padding-bottom: 12px; padding-left: 36px; line-height: 17px; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"><br /></span></p></span></div></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;">and a Heritage Turkey Breed in the following way: </span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"><br /></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" -webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 2px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 2px; font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;font-size:medium;"><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 30px; padding-bottom: 12px; padding-left: 36px; line-height: 17px; font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><strong style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">1. Naturally mating</span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">: the Heritage Turkey must be reproduced and genetically maintained through natural mating, with expected fertility rates of 70-80%. This means that turkeys marketed as “heritage” must be the result of naturally mating pairs of both grandparent and parent stock.</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 30px; padding-bottom: 12px; padding-left: 36px; line-height: 17px; font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><strong style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">2. Long productive outdoor lifespan</span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">: the Heritage Turkey must have a long productive lifespan. Breeding hens are commonly productive for 5-7 years and breeding toms for 3-5 years. The Heritage Turkey must also have a genetic ability to withstand the environmental rigors of outdoor production systems.</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 30px; padding-bottom: 12px; padding-left: 36px; line-height: 17px; font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><strong style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">3. Slow growth rate</span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">: the Heritage Turkey must have a slow to moderate rate of growth. Today’s heritage turkeys reach a marketable weight in about 28 weeks, giving the birds time to develop a strong skeletal structure and healthy organs prior to building muscle mass. This growth rate is identical to that of the commercial varieties of the first half of the 20th century.</span></p></span></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div>An interesting side note is that with Heritage Turkeys, the A.L.B.C. <b>does not </b>require the Turkey Variety to be one of those few recognized by the American Poultry Association so long as the variety adheres to the above three points.</div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div>Organizations which may be referred to in this blog include:</div><div><br /></div><div>American Poultry Association (A.P.A.) - http://www.amerpoultryassn.com/</div><div><br /></div><div>American Bantam Association (A.B.A.) - http://www.bantamclub.com/site/</div><div><br /></div><div>American Livestock Breeds Conservancy (A.L.B.C.) - (http://www.albc-usa.org)</div><div><br /></div><div>Rare Breeds Canada (R.B.C.) - http://www.rarebreedscanada.ca/</div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div>Two other excellent resources are:</div><div><br /></div><div>FeatherSite - http://www.feathersite.com</div><div><br /></div><div>and</div><div><br /></div><div>Kippen Encyclopedia - http://www.kippenencyclopedie.nl</div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div>breedsaverhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09729106269579622486noreply@blogger.com1